Notation	Category heading	Add	Mod
A	The Arts Use all A* codes for: specialist and general adult titles, including both highly illustrated and more text based works. For a hobby or recreational approach, prefer a WF* code as the main subject and supplement with A* code(s) where appropriate. Use all A* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers as appropriate, in particular STYLE 6*, plus PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers		1.4
AB	The arts: general issues
ABA	Theory of art QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics
ABC	Conservation, restoration and care of artworks
ABK	Forgery, falsification and theft of artworks
ABQ	Art: financial aspects Class here: art sales and auctioneering, funding, patronage and sponsorship
AF	The Arts: art forms Use for: works on the fine, visual and applied arts. Use all AF* codes with: the relevant AG* code(s), AGA for History of art and artworks, AGZ for specialist works about technique, and STYLE Qualifiers 6* as appropriate. Prefer: WF* codes as the main subject for more amateur, hobby or recreational approaches		1.4
AFC	Paintings and painting Class here: painting or paintings in general, or in any medium with no more specific category below. Use all AFC* codes for: works about a painting or paintings, by individuals or groups, including the history of particular paintings, or a particular style of painting. Use with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers as appropriate. Use with: AGA for History of artworks, AGB for monographs of painters, AGZ for specialist works about technique, etc. Prefer: WF* codes as the main subject for more amateur, hobby or recreational approaches		1.4
AFCC	Paintings and painting in watercolours or pastels Class here: gouache		1.4
AFCL	Paintings and painting in oils
AFCM	Murals and wall paintings Class here: trompe l’oeil, frescos, ceiling paintings, muralism, marouflage	1.3	1.4
AFCP	Paintings and painting in ink Class here: ink wash	1.4
AFF	Drawing and drawings Class here: sketches. Use all AFF* codes for: works about a drawing or drawings, by individual artists or groups, including the history of particular drawings, or a particular style or technique of drawing. Use with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers as appropriate. Use with: AGA for History of artworks, AGB for monographs of artists, AGZ for specialist works about technique. Prefer: WF* codes as the main subject for more amateur, hobby or recreational approaches		1.4
AFFC	Drawing and drawings in pencil, charcoal, crayon or pastel Class here: graphite, chalk, conté	1.4
AFFK	Drawing and drawings in pen or brush and ink	1.4
AFH	Prints and printmaking Class here: etchings, silk screens, screenprints, woodcuts, lithographs, line engravings, aquatints, dry point, mezzotints, monotypes, woodblocks		1.4
AFJ	Other graphic or visual art forms Class here: collage; photomontage. Use for: general works or art forms that do not have a specific code in AFC*, AFF* or AFH*		1.4
AFJY	Body art and tattoos Class here: body piercing, body painting as art. Use with: AFKP for performance art	1.4
AFK	Non-graphic and electronic art forms Use for: general works on non-graphic forms of art, or art using forms not listed below, including newer forms of media		1.4
AFKB	Sculpture Class here: statues, figurines, monumental sculpture. Use for: works about three-dimensional art made in any material, and for works about the art form, or associated traditions and techniques		1.4
AFKC	Carvings, masks, reliefs Class here: petroglyphs, small-scale and monumental carvings. Use for: both the technique and works about specific carved objects or carved designs in any material		1.4
AFKG	Precious metal, precious stones and jewellery: artworks and design Class here: gold and silversmithing, Fabergé, etc WFJ Jewellery and beadcrafts, WCP Antiques, vintage and collectables: jewellery, WCR Antiques, vintage and collectables: gold, silver and other metals (other than jewellery), WFP Decorative metalwork
AFKN	Installation art Class here: land art, site-specific art, environmental art		1.4
AFKP	Performance art
AFKV	Digital, video and new media arts Class here: computer, electronic, holographic, virtual, cyborg, interactive, internet, generative, telematic, sound and evolutionary arts UG* Graphical and digital media applications		1.4
AFP	Ceramics, mosaic and glass: artworks Class here: pottery (including porcelain, earthenware, stoneware, bisque), stained glass, tiles or enamelwork as artworks WFN Pottery, ceramics and glass crafts		1.4
AFT	Decorative arts Class here: ornament, decorative details, faux painting or finishing, decorative metalwork and other decorative arts. Use for: works that look at the subject from a fine arts or history of art perspective, or aimed at a more professional, technical or skilled audience WF* Handicrafts, decorative arts and crafts		1.4
AFW	Textile artworks Class here: carpets, kilims, rugs, quilts, tapestries and other textiles as art AKT Fashion and textile design, WFB* Needlework and fabric crafts, WFF Rug and carpetmaking, WFG Spinning and weaving		1.4
AG	The Arts: treatments and subjects Use for: works on the fine, visual and applied arts. Use all AG* codes with: the relevant AB*, AF*, AG*, AJ* code(s) and also STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
AGA	History of art Use with: other Arts codes A* and also STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
AGB	Individual artists, art monographs Use for: works on both individual artists and ateliers or workshops that produced under a single artist’s name		1.4
AGC	Exhibition catalogues and specific collections Use for: publications that are linked to a temporary exhibition or the catalogues of permanent collections such as art galleries, museums or individual collectors. Use with: other A* codes to indicate Art form and a PLACE 1* Qualifiers if it is the catalogue of a permanent location such as a specific gallery or museum WTHM Travel guides: museums, historic sites, galleries etc, GLZ Museology and heritage studies		1.4
AGH	Human figures depicted in art Class here: figure painting or drawing, illustrations of human anatomy for artists, anatomical drawing, or any art that depicts the human or parts of the human body. Use with: AGZ for techniques of drawing		1.4
AGHF	Portraits and self-portraiture in art		1.3
AGHN	Nudes depicted in art
AGHX	Erotic art Use with: Qualifier 5X as appropriate AJCX Erotic and nude photography
AGK	Small-scale, secular and domestic scenes in art Class here: ‘genre’ subjects, everyday scenes and events in art		1.3
AGN	Nature in art Use for: any depiction of nature in any artistic form or tradition. Use with: AKLB for illustration, or PS* for art that has or was originally for, a scientific purpose		1.4
AGNA	Animals in art Class here: animal painters, wildlife art, birds, insects, fish in art. Use for: any depiction of fauna in any artistic form or tradition. Use with: AKLB for illustration, or PS* for art that has or was originally for, a scientific purpose	1.3	1.4
AGNB	Botanical art Class here: botanical illustration. Use for: flowers or plants depicted in any art form or tradition. Use with: PST for botanical art that has a scientific purpose		1.4
AGNL	Landscapes / seascapes	1.3
AGNS	Still life Class here: vanitas. Use for: depictions of small scale scenes of mostly inanimate objects both natural and man-made	1.3
AGP	Man-made objects depicted in art Class here: buildings, cityscapes, machines, transport etc, depicted in any art form or tradition		1.4
AGR	Religious and ceremonial art Class here: sacred or ritual art, icons. Use with: QR* codes to denote a particular religion as appropriate		1.4
AGT	Public art Use for: works on art in any media that were planned and executed with the intention of being staged in the public realm, often outside and accessible to all, either permanent or temporary, and which may be specially commissioned for a site or unofficial or unauthorised	1.4
AGTS	Urban arts Class here: guerrilla art, graffiti art, flyposting, sticker art, yarn bombing, street installations, urban styles etc. Use for: works about visual or applied art forms in urban areas, inspired by urban lifestyles or environment and in the public space	1.4
AGZ	The Arts: techniques and principles Use for: textbooks, advanced level and specialised works on techniques, perspective etc. Use with: appropriate AF* or AK* codes to indicate the art form, for example AFF for drawing techniques. Prefer: WF* codes as the main subject for more amateur, hobby or recreational approaches WFA Painting, drawing and art manuals		1.4
AGZC	Colours and colour theory Class here: colour science in art. Use with: P* or T* codes for more scientific or technical works	1.4
AJ	Photography and photographs
AJC	Photographs: collections Use for: works that are or are about collections or curated selections of photos usually with a common theme or principle or representing the collection of a museum, gallery, agency or collector. Use with: AG* codes for specific treatments or subjects or other codes indicating the theme as appropriate WQP Places in old photographs		1.3
AJCD	Individual photographers Class here: photographic monographs		1.4
AJCP	Photography: portraits and self-portraiture Use for: works that present an individual or individuals and groups through photos, including selfies and individual models, as well as works on portrait photography. Use with: AJTF for works on the practical techniques of portrait photography	1.1	1.4
AJCX	Erotic and nude photography Use with: Qualifier 5X as appropriate AGHX Erotic art
AJF	Photojournalism and documentary photography Class here: photographic reportage, social documentary and street photography, event and celebrity photography DNP Reportage, journalism or collected columns		1.4
AJT	Photographic equipment and techniques: general Class here: cameras, lenses, lighting, film, flash, darkroom techniques and photo processing, retouching and digital manipulation, principles of colour, composition, black and white etc UGP Photo and image editing		1.4
AJTA	Camera-specific manuals Use for: any publication about a specific camera type or brand		1.4
AJTF	Photography: subject-specific techniques and principles Class here: aerial, drone, studio, street, landscape, nature and wildlife, portrait, underwater photography, micro- and astrophotography techniques and guides. Use for: works on composition etc		1.4
AJTH	Digital photography	1.4
AJTV	Video photography / videography AFKV Digital, video and new media arts, ATFX Filmmaking and production: technical and background skills, ATJX Television production: technical and background skills		1.3
AK	Design, Industrial and commercial arts, illustration Use all AK* codes for: works that look at the subject from a fine arts or history of art perspective, or aimed at a professional, technical or skilled audience. Use with: STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate. Prefer: WF* codes as the main subject for more amateur, hobby or recreational approaches		1.4
AKB	Individual designers or design groups Class here: design agencies, brands, companies, firms or houses as well as named individuals. Use with: other subject codes to indicate what field of design as appropriate, e.g. AKT for fashion designers, plus AKX for historical approaches		1.4
AKC	Graphic design
AKD	Typography and lettering Class here: typefaces, font design and fonts, sign painting, shufa, shodo, khatt and other forms of calligraphy as an art WFU Calligraphy and hand-lettering		1.4
AKH	Book design and Bookbinding Class here: cover design, fine binding, paper marbling, etc as arts. Use for: works on the arts of designing and creating books WFT Book and paper crafts, AKLB Illustration, KNTP1 Publishing and book trade		1.4
AKHM	Manuscripts and illumination Class here: miniatures, illuminated or painted manuscripts, scrolls and codices	1.3	1.4
AKL	Illustration and commercial art
AKLB	Illustration Class here: book illustrations and information graphics as an art. Use for: works on illustration as an art form as well as illustration, both contemporary and historical, used for scientific, technical, narrative and other purposes AFF Drawing and drawings		1.4
AKLC	Comic book and cartoon artwork Use all AKLC* codes with: X* subject codes to indicate the form of the comic book involved, with AGZ for specialist works about the techniques of drawing comic book art or characters, with AKX for histories of comic book art. Prefer: WF* codes as the main subject for more amateur, hobby or recreational approaches or UGL for more technical digital illustration AFF Drawing and drawings		1.4
AKLC1	Graphic novel and Manga artwork Use with: X* subject codes to indicate the form of the artwork involved XA* Graphic novel and Comic book: types, XR* Graphic novel and comic books: guides and reviews, AFF Drawing and drawings		1.2
AKLF	Computer game art Use for: works on artistic aspects of game design, artwork, graphics etc UGG Computer games design	1.1
AKLP	Poster art
AKP	Product design Class here: universal or accessible design for products, Industrial design. Use for: works about product design in general, including associated trade or brand names, about design of an individual product or types of products, about functionality and safety, sustainable design of products etc TBD Technical design, UGC Computer-aided design (CAD)		1.4
AKR	Furniture design
AKT	Fashion and textile design Use for: fashion styles and trends in fashion design, general and reference works, works about specific items of clothing, illustrated works about fashion etc. Use all AKT* codes with: AKB for individual fashion designers, with AKX for history of fashion, plus STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate, with AJC* for photographic collections or fashion photography, with AGZ for practical techniques for fashion students and designers. Prefer: WJF as the main subject code for works aimed at a general audience about how to dress, guides to looking stylish, practical tips etc TDPF* Textiles and fibres, KNDD Apparel, garment and textile industries, KNSX Fashion and beauty industries, WJF Fashion and style guides		1.3
AKTF	Fashion and textile design: accessories Class here: millinery, cordwainer, glove making, fashion and style in bags, hats, shoes and other accessories . Use for: works, usually illustrated, that look at aspects of the design, or the aesthetics of different accessories in fashion or costume	1.4
AKTR	National or regional costume Class here: folk, ethnic and traditional costume. Use for: works that look at costumes of the past as well as contemporary costume. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers codes as appropriate	1.3	1.4
AKX	History of design Use with: other AK* and also STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.4
AM	Architecture Use all AM* codes with: STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
AMA	Theory of architecture
AMB	Individual architects and architectural firms Class here: architectural monographs		1.4
AMC	Architectural structure and design Class here: architectural drawings, sections, elevations, architectural renderings, floor plans. Use for: works that look at the subject from an architectural perspective. Use with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers as appropriate. Prefer: TN* codes for works that look at the technical nature of building and construction TN* Civil engineering, surveying and building		1.4
AMCD	Architectural details, components and motifs Use for: works that examine the individual elements of a building or structure, e.g. windows, doors, roof design, ornamentation etc	1.3
AMCM	Materials in architecture Use for: works, often highly illustrated, that look at structures specifically from the point of view of the materials they are made from, such as concrete, brick, steel, glass, wood etc. Prefer: TN* codes for more technical, structural engineering approaches TN* Civil engineering, surveying and building	1.4
AMCR	Environmentally-friendly (‘green’) architecture and design Class here: low-impact, sustainable and energy-efficient or energy-neutral architecture, building and interior design and technologies, arcology, green buildings, ecodesign and environmental design, biophilic and biomimetic architecture		1.4
AMD	Architecture: professional practice
AMG	Architecture: public, commercial and industrial buildings Class here: agricultural, industrial, commercial and civic buildings, concert halls, arenas, stadia, memorials and monuments, hospitals, lighthouses, libraries, museums, galleries, exhibition spaces, stations, airports, hotels, spas, factories, warehouses, offices, shops, stores etc. Use for: works on buildings which have a primary function other than residential or domestic, and which are usually accessible to large groups of people. Use with: AMR as appropriate JWT Military institutions, WTHM Travel guides: museums, historic sites, galleries etc		1.4
AMK	Architecture: residential and domestic buildings Class here: private homes, houses, apartments, flats, lofts, cottages, villas. Use for: works on house design, or about residential dwellings, both contemporary and historical, that can either be purpose built or converted structures. Use with: AMR interior design as appropriate WJK Interior design, decor and style guides, AMR Architecture: interior design		1.4
AMKH	Architecture: small-scale domestic buildings Class here: works on cabins, huts, sheds, tree houses, follies, tiny houses, summerhouses, outhouses, boathouses etc. Use for: works about smaller domestic, but not necessarily residential, buildings and structures, often connected with leisure, holidays, recreation or pleasure	1.2	1.4
AMKL	Architecture: castles and fortifications
AMKS	Architecture: palaces, stately homes and mansions	1.2
AMN	Architecture: religious buildings Class here: architectural aspects of abbeys, cathedrals, churches, mosques, synagogues, temples and other religious buildings or structures		1.4
AMR	Architecture: interior design Use for: works that look at the subject as a decorative art, often presented in well illustrated editions and aimed at a more professional or skilled audience, including studies of interior architecture and design, lighting design, residential, commercial or other interior design specialisations. Use with: AKB for individual interior designers. Prefer: WJK as a main subject code for more amateur and domestic approaches WJK Interior design, decor and style guides		1.4
AMV	Landscape architecture and design WMD Garden design and planning		1.3
AMVD	City and town planning: architectural aspects RPC Urban and municipal planning and policy
AMX	History of architecture Use with: STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
AT	Performing arts Use all AT* codes with: STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
ATC	Individual actors and performers Class here: media personalities, presenters. Use with: relevant AT* code to indicate whether specifically theatre, film, TV, radio etc DNBF* Biography: arts and entertainment		1.3
ATD	Theatre studies DD* Plays, playscripts
ATDC	Acting techniques Class here: monologues, audition material, etc
ATDF	Theatre direction and production
ATDH	Theatre: technical and background skills Class here: stagecraft, wardrobe and makeup, lighting, scenery, etc
ATDS	Theatre management
ATF	Films, cinema Use all ATF* codes for: performing arts aspects only, both for the traditional big screen and made-for-TV movies or for long-form films made for new media, including streaming, on demand or other services (but excluding episodic presentations) KNTC Film, TV and Radio industries		1.4
ATFA	Film history, theory or criticism Use for: works on national cinemas, history or critiques of individual films, film studios, movie franchises		1.4
ATFB	Individual film directors, film-makers
ATFD	Film scripts and screenplays
ATFG	Film guides and reviews
ATFN	Film: styles and genres Use for: works about specific styles or genres of cinema. Use with: ATM* codes or other ATF* codes to describe the specific style or genre of film, as appropriate ATM* Film, television, radio and performing arts genres		1.4
ATFR	Documentary films Use for: works on short or long form documentaries, for documentary film making for the big and small screen, works on scripted, largely factual programming		1.4
ATFV	Animated films and animation Use for: works about animated films or shorts. Use with: AGZ for techniques of animation UGN Digital animation		1.4
ATFV1	Anime Use for: Japanese style animated films AKLC1 Graphic novel and Manga artwork	1.3
ATFX	Filmmaking and production: technical and background skills Class here: cinematography, editing, lighting, scenery, costume, special effects, artwork and design, makeup and hair, props, casting CBVS Screenwriting techniques, UG* Graphical and digital media applications		1.4
ATJ	Television Use all ATJ* codes for: performing arts aspects only, both for traditional television or for new media, including streaming, on demand or other forms of consuming small screen entertainment (including episodic presentations) KNTC Film, TV and Radio industries		1.4
ATJD	Television screenplays, scripts and performances WHG TV tie-in humour		1.2
ATJS	Television: styles and genres Class here: works on series, soap operas, plays for TV, situation comedies, made for TV shows etc both live-action and animated, fiction and non-fiction, dramas, reality shows, documentaries, news and current affairs etc. Use for: works about any particular genre or style of television or small screen entertainment. Use with: ATM* codes or other AT* codes to describe the specific style or genre, as appropriate ATM* Film, television, radio and performing arts genres		1.4
ATJX	Television production: technical and background skills Class here: television camerawork, editing, lighting, scenery, costume, special effects, art and design, makeup and hair, props, casting		1.4
ATL	Radio / podcasts Use all ATL* codes for: performing arts aspects only, both for traditional radio or for new media, including streaming, on demand or other forms of consuming audio content KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries		1.4
ATLD	Radio plays, scripts and performances		1.2
ATM	Film, television, radio and performing arts genres Use for: the performing arts aspects of these genres only. Use with: other AT* codes to indicate that a work is about a particular genre of film, tv show, stage production etc. Prefer: F* codes for fictionalised works in particular genres, including tie-ins ATJS Television: styles and genres, ATFN Film: styles and genres	1.4
ATMB	Film, television, radio genres: Action, adventure, crime and thrillers Class here: works about martial arts, disaster, mysteries, suspense, gangster, heist, spy, espionage, westerns, action-based war films, shows, programmes or series	1.4
ATMC	Film, television, radio genres: Comedy and humour Use for: works about humour-based films, shows, programmes or series	1.4
ATMF	Film, television, radio genres: Drama Use for: works about films, shows, programmes or series	1.4
ATMH	Film, television, radio genres: Historical Class here: period drama, peplums, historical biographies, historical epic films, samurai cinema etc. Use for: works on films, shows, programmes or series where the historical period is one of the most important aspects	1.4
ATMN	Film, television, radio genres: Science fiction, fantasy and horror	1.4
ATMP	Film, television, radio genres: superhero and comic book inspired Use for: works about films, shows, programmes or series inspired by comic book characters or stories	1.4
ATN	Internet and digital media: arts and performance Class here: all aspects of Internet as media channel, especially for material that originates online; internet celebrities, bloggers and blogging, vloggers, podcasts etc UD* Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides, KNTV Computer and video game industry, KNTX Information technology industries	1.2
ATQ	Dance Use for: general works on techniques, studies, reference etc. Use with: JBC* for cultural studies aspects or academic works as appropriate. Use all ATQ* codes with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
ATQC	Choreography
ATQL	Ballet
ATQR	Ballroom dancing Class here: Latin dance		1.3
ATQT	Contemporary dance
ATQV	Dancers / choreographers Class here: dance troupes, dance groups, companies	1.3
ATQZ	Folk dancing
ATX	Other performing arts Class here: mime, noh, street theatre, variety shows, music hall, cabaret, juggling, ventriloquism etc		1.3
ATXC	Circus and circus skills Class here: clowns, funambulism, acrobatics ATXZ Animal spectacles, performing animals	1.3
ATXD	Comedy and stand-up Class here: Improvisational comedy, impressionists, alternative comedy, sketch comedy, comedians	1.3
ATXF	Conjuring and magic Class here: illusions, prestidigitation, card tricks, magicians as performers QRYX2 Magic, alchemy and hermetic thought, VXWM Magic, spells and alchemy	1.3
ATXM	Puppetry, miniature and toy theatre
ATXP	Pageants, parades, festivals
ATXZ	Animal spectacles, performing animals
ATXZ1	Bullfighting
ATY	History of Performing Arts Use with: other AT* codes as appropriate	1.4
ATZ	Film, television, radio and performing arts: companion works Use for: non-fiction, companion works to TV series, films, shows, franchises, etc. These are typically uncritical, such as a compendium of characters, a guide to the making of, or art of a series. Use with: other AT* codes as appropriate. Prefer: FYV or FZ for tie-in versions of novels, novelisations or novels inspired by a particular film, series, show or franchise FYV Fiction: inspired by or adapted from, FZ Fiction companions, YFZZ Children’s / Teenage fiction: Companion works	1.4
AV	Music Use all AV* codes with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers to indicate the specific style or genre of music, PLACE 1* Qualifiers if specific to a particular region and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers if historical		1.4
AVA	Theory of music and musicology
AVC	Music reviews and criticism
AVD	Discographies and buyer’s guides
AVL	Music: styles and genres		1.4
AVLA	Art music, orchestral and formal music
AVLC	Choral music
AVLF	Opera Class here: comic opera, operetta, Opéra comique, sainete, Singspiel, Zarzuela		1.4
AVLK	Sacred and religious music Class here: spirituals, hymns. Use for: works on music associated with, or used in, sacred rituals or religious observance. Use with: QR* codes as appropriate		1.4
AVLM	Music of film and stage Class here: works on musicals, film scores, musical theatre	1.1	1.4
AVLP	Popular music Class here: Jazz, Rock, Pop, Soul, Rap, Latin, Blues, Easy listening, Country, Reggae music and all their associated variations. Use for: all forms of popular music, as distinct from art music and traditional music. Use with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers to indicate the style or genre of popular music		1.4
AVLT	Traditional and folk music Use for: works about songs and tunes which have often been performed, by custom, over a long period (usually several generations). They are most often folk songs, country dance or similar types of music, often associated with the folklore, traditions or cultural heritage of a region. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
AVLW	Other global and regional music styles Class here: ‘World music’, worldbeat, global or world fusion. Use for: works about music that is a blend of two or more different styles or cultural traditions or works about music that do not fit into one of the other music categories. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
AVLX	Electronic music Use for: works on all forms of music produced using electronic musical instruments, digital instruments or circuitry-based music technology AVRS Electronic musical instruments		1.4
AVM	History of music Use with: STYLE 6*, PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
AVN	Composers and songwriters
AVP	Musicians, singers, bands and groups Class here: conductors, orchestras and other musical or singing ensembles or individuals		1.4
AVQ	Musical scores, lyrics and libretti Class here: sheet music. Use with: AVR* codes to indicate if the music is for a particular type of instrument		1.4
AVQS	Songbooks Class here: songs for easy piano, guitar, etc
AVR	Musical instruments
AVRG	Keyboard instruments Class here: Harpsichord, Organ		1.4
AVRG1	Piano	1.2
AVRJ	Percussion instruments Class here: Drums		1.4
AVRL	String instruments
AVRL1	Guitar
AVRL2	Plucked instruments Class here: Harp		1.4
AVRL3	Violin	1.2
AVRN	Wind instruments Class here: brass instruments such as trumpet, trombone, cornet, reed instruments such as oboe or saxophone, and woodwind instruments such as recorder, flute, clarinet		1.4
AVRQ	Mechanical musical instruments
AVRS	Electronic musical instruments AVLX Electronic music
AVS	Techniques of music / music tutorials / teaching of music Class here: learning an instrument; self study tutorials and books for or about the teaching of music, the techniques of conducting		1.4
AVSA	Singing: techniques Class here: learning to sing, the voice as a musical instrument		1.4
AVSD	Music composition Class here: orchestration, musical arrangement, transposition, songwriting	1.4
AVX	Music recording and reproduction Use for: works about the recording and reproduction of music and sound, both general works and practical approaches. For more technical works use with or prefer the appropriate codes from T* or U* KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries, TTA Acoustic and sound engineering, UDM Digital music and audio: consumer / user guides, UGM Digital music: professional		1.4
C	Language and Linguistics Use all C* codes for: specialist and general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘C’ itself, but select specific categories from section C*. Use all C* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers plus PLACE 1*, TIME 3* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers		1.4
CB	Language: reference and general Use all CB* codes with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate
CBD	Dictionaries Class here: Glossaries. Use with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
CBDX	Bilingual and multilingual dictionaries Use with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CBF	Thesauri Use with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CBG	Usage and grammar guides Use with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CBP	Speaking in public: advice and guides Use for: general guides to public speaking, example speeches and quotes, preparing or giving presentations. Use with: WJW for wedding and best man speeches or with KJP for business presentations		1.4
CBV	Creative writing and creative writing guides
CBVS	Screenwriting techniques
CBW	Writing and editing guides Class here: general guides as well as journalist style guides, technical writing, letter writing guides, etc		1.3
CBX	Language: history and general works Use for: more general or popular works on language. Prefer: CF* for more scientific or academic studies		1.4
CF	Linguistics Class here: the scientific study of language, philology. Use for: more academic and specialist works		1.4
CFA	Philosophy of language GTD Semiotics / semiology
CFB	Sociolinguistics
CFC	Literacy JNF Educational strategies and policy, VSL Adult literacy guides and handbooks
CFD	Psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics Class here: neurolinguistics, psychology of language		1.4
CFDC	Language acquisition
CFDM	Bilingualism and multilingualism
CFF	Historical and comparative linguistics Class here: etymology, language family studies CBX Language: history and general works
CFFD	Dialect, slang and jargon Use with: CB* codes for dictionaries etc as well as PLACE 1* and LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate WHL Slang and dialect humour		1.4
CFG	Semantics, discourse analysis, stylistics Class here: pragmatics, lexicology, rhetoric
CFH	Phonetics, phonology
CFK	Grammar, syntax and morphology
CFL	Palaeography Class here: study of writing and writing systems		1.2
CFLA	Writing systems, alphabets
CFM	Lexicography
CFP	Translation and interpretation Class here: hermeneutics
CFX	Computational and corpus linguistics		1.3
CFZ	Sign languages, Braille and other linguistic communication
CJ	Language teaching and learning Use all CJ* codes for: all material for or about teaching or learning of a language or languages. Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate. Use with: JN* codes for different aspects of language education. Prefer: YPC* or YRD* codes for language material aimed at children or teenagers YPC* Educational: Language, literature and literacy, 4LE* For ELT / ESL learning, courses, examinations and certificates, 4LZ* For specific language learning, courses, examinations and certificates other than ELT / ESL		1.4
CJA	Language teaching theory and methods
CJAB	Language teaching and learning: first or native languages Use for: all material for or about the teaching or learning of a first language or languages YPCA Educational: First / native language	1.4
CJAD	Language teaching and learning: second or additional languages Use for: all material for or about the teaching or learning of, or in, an additional language or languages YPCK Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages, 4L* For language learning courses and examinations, 4TP Content and language integrated learning (CLIL), 4TQ For Intercultural bilingual education (IBE)	1.4
CJB	Language teaching and learning material and coursework
CJBG	Language learning: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation Class here: verbs, nouns, adjectives, conjunctions, phrasal verbs, tenses, idioms etc		1.4
CJBR	Language readers Use for: purpose-written or simplified versions of texts written for language learners. These are usually graded by language level and breadth of vocabulary. Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate and other secondary subject codes to indicate what subject or genre they are, for example with F* codes for fiction		1.4
CJBT	Language self-study Use for: language learning material designed for self-learning. Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate, for example 4L WTK Language phrasebooks		1.3
CJC	Language learning: specific skills Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CJCK	Language learning: speaking skills Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CJCL	Language learning: listening skills Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CJCR	Language learning: reading skills Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CJCW	Language learning: writing skills Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
CJP	Language learning for specific purposes Use with: other secondary subject codes to indicate specific purpose or type of language and LANGUAGE 2* & EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
CJPD	Language learning for business, professional and vocational Use with: other secondary subject codes, as appropriate, to give specific purpose and indicate type of language, for example with KJ* for Business, and LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
CJPG	Language learning for academic, technical and scientific purposes Use with: other secondary subject codes, as appropriate, to give specific purpose and indicate type of language, for example with P* for science and LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
D	Biography, Literature and Literary studies Use all D* codes for: specialist and general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘D’ itself, but select specific categories from section D*. Use all D* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular STYLE 6*, PLACE 1*, LANGUAGE 2* or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers		1.4
DB	Ancient, classical and medieval texts Class here: texts from the European Renaissance. Use all DB* codes for: texts, including annotated versions, written in an early, ancient or classical language or an old or archaic form of a modern language, and not typically readable by a modern non-academic reader. For works that could be read by a modern reader (e.g. modern translations of these texts or texts originally written in an understandable form of a contemporary language) prefer the relevant subject code, for example from F* for fiction or DC* for poetry, DD* for plays, N* for History, QD* for Philosophy, etc as the main subject, if used with DB* codes		1.4
DBS	Ancient Sagas and epics Use for: the texts of classical or medieval sagas and epics, in the original language, an annotated version or a modern translation. Prefer: DC* plus 6EH for more recent Epic poetry FT Generational sagas, FN Traditional stories, myths and fairy tales	1.1	1.4
DBSG	Ancient Greek and Roman literature Use for: the texts of classical epics, prose, verse or plays, including versions of traditional myths and legends, written by Classical Greek, Hellenic or Latin authors, in the original language, an annotated version or a modern translation QRSG Ancient Greek religion and mythology, QRSL Roman religion and mythology	1.1	1.4
DBSN	Icelandic and Old Norse sagas Use for: the texts of Icelandic and Old Norse sagas in the original language, an annotated version or a modern translation QRSW Norse religion and mythology	1.1	1.3
DC	Poetry Use all DC* codes with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
DCA	Classic and pre-20th century poetry Use with: DCF or DCQ and DB* as appropriate		1.4
DCC	Modern and contemporary poetry (c 1900 onwards) Use with: DCF or DCQ or DCR* as appropriate		1.4
DCF	Poetry by individual poets Use with: DCA or DCC or DCR* as appropriate		1.4
DCQ	Poetry anthologies (various poets) Class here: anthologies of poems by genre or by tradition. Use with: DCA or DCC or DCR* as appropriate; PLACE 1* Qualifiers only to indicate national context where significant, e.g. an anthology of the poetry of Australia or the poetry of Mexico; TIME PERIOD 3* qualifiers for an anthology of a specific period; LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers only with poetry anthologies where the language of the poems is a key part of the content, e.g. an anthology of Anglo-Saxon poetry in both Anglo-Saxon and a modern translation, meant to be used for improving understanding of Anglo-Saxon DNT Anthologies: general		1.4
DCR	Poetry by form Use for: collections of poetry by single or multiple poets, where the form is one of the major aspects for classification or search. Use all DCR* codes with: other DC* or DB* codes as appropriate	1.4
DCRB	Poetry by form: Haiku Class here: Senryu, Haikai	1.4
DCRC	Poetry by form: Tanka Class here: Kyoka, Waka	1.4
DCRG	Poetry by form: Ghazal	1.4
DCRH	Poetry by form: Calligram	1.4
DCRL	Poetry by form: Limerick	1.4
DCRS	Poetry by form: Sonnet	1.4
DD	Plays, playscripts Use all DD* codes with: PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3*, STYLE 6* Qualifiers where these aspects are particularly pertinent and significant; appropriate codes, including FX* codes, may be added after DD* codes to indicate specific central themes or topics in drama and theatre. DO NOT USE: Qualifiers to indicate when or where the work was published ATFD Film scripts and screenplays, ATJD Television screenplays, scripts and performances, ATLD Radio plays, scripts and performances		1.4
DDA	Classic and pre-20th century plays
DDC	Modern and contemporary plays (c 1900 onwards)
DDL	Comedic plays Class here: farce, entremés. Use for: different traditions of comedic theatre	1.2	1.4
DDT	Tragic plays Class here: tragedies, revenge tragedy	1.2	1.3
DDV	Monologues / Duologues	1.4
DN	Biography and non-fiction prose Class here: life-writing. Use all DN* codes with: another specific subject code where possible, e.g. SFH “Golf” with DNBS FC Biographical fiction		1.4
DNB	Biography: general
DNBA	Autobiography: general
DNBB	Biography: business and industry
DNBB1	Autobiography: business and industry
DNBF	Biography: arts and entertainment		1.4
DNBF1	Autobiography: arts and entertainment		1.4
DNBH	Biography: historical, political and military
DNBH1	Autobiography: historical, political and military
DNBL	Biography: writers Class here: literary biography, biographies of novelists, poets, playwrights, journalists etc		1.4
DNBL1	Autobiography: writers Class here: literary autobiography, autobiographies of novelists, poets, playwrights, journalists etc		1.4
DNBM	Biography: philosophy and social sciences	1.2
DNBM1	Autobiography: philosophy and social sciences	1.2
DNBP	Biography: adventurers and explorers	1.3
DNBP1	Autobiography: adventurers and explorers	1.3
DNBR	Biography: royalty
DNBR1	Autobiography: royalty
DNBS	Biography: sport
DNBS1	Autobiography: sport
DNBT	Biography: science, technology and medicine
DNBT1	Autobiography: science, technology and medicine
DNBX	Biography: religious and spiritual
DNBX1	Autobiography: religious and spiritual
DNBZ	Collected biographies Use for: biographies of several people in single volume. Use with: appropriate DNB* code indicating area where possible GBCB Dictionaries of biography
DNC	Memoirs Use for: Memoirs are typically less structured and less encompassing than entire autobiographies, and are often about part of a life (e.g. childhood, a politician’s time in office) rather than one’s whole life. Use with: an autobiography code from the DNB* sequence above to indicate area where possible
DND	Diaries, letters and journals Use for: works where diary or journal entries, or letters, are collected, including collected correspondence between more than one person, rather than the work being written specifically as an autobiography or memoir. Use with: an autobiography code from the DNB* sequence above to indicate area where appropriate		1.4
DNG	Animal life stories Class here: biographies of specific animals, such as performing animals, racehorses, rescue animals etc		1.3
DNL	Literary essays Use for: essays or causeries on literary subjects; classify essays on a specific subject, e.g. philosophy, economics, with a code from and within that subject		1.3
DNP	Reportage, journalism or collected columns Class here: interviews. Use for: works that are usually written in a journalistic style and that were either previously published in a news medium or published as original works. Use with: other appropriate subject codes to indicate the particular subject, for example with JP* codes for political or KC* codes for economic reportage or use on its own for more general works WTL* Travel writing, AJF Photojournalism and documentary photography		1.4
DNS	Speeches Use for: collections of transcribed speeches. Use with: other code indicating subject where appropriate QRVH Sermons
DNT	Anthologies: general Use for: all anthologies except poetry anthologies. Use with: other code indicating subject or literary form where appropriate DCQ Poetry anthologies (various poets)
DNX	True stories: general Use all DNX* codes for: for popular accounts of actual events written in a narrative or journalistic style		1.4
DNXC	True crime Use with: JKV* or other codes as appropriate		1.3
DNXC3	True crime: serial killers and murderers	1.3
DNXH	True stories of discovery Use for: discovery of a historical or scientific nature		1.2
DNXM	True war and combat stories
DNXP	True stories of heroism, endurance and survival Use for: primarily physical ordeals arising from misadventure, conflict, disasters etc DNXR True stories of survival of abuse and injustice		1.2
DNXR	True stories of survival of abuse and injustice Class here: ‘misery memoirs’. Use for: physical or emotional ordeals arising from deliberate mistreatment, miscarriages of justice, victims of crime, etc. Prefer: DNXC for objective or criminal’s view of criminal activity DNXC True crime, DNXP True stories of heroism, endurance and survival	1.2	1.3
DNXZ	Erotic confessions and true stories
DS	Literature: history and criticism Use all DS* codes with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers to indicate the language of the literature in question and PLACE 1* Qualifiers to indicate the location of a literary tradition for a work of literary criticism or national or regional context where significant, e.g. work about the Literature in English of Australia or the Literature in Spanish of Mexico, but DO NOT USE for an actual work (e.g. a novel) from that tradition, or where it was published. Use TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers to give greater precision to studies of a period		1.4
DSA	Literary theory
DSB	Literary studies: general
DSBB	Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval		1.1
DSBC	Literary studies: c 1400 to c 1600
DSBD	Literary studies: c 1600 to c 1800
DSBF	Literary studies: c 1800 to c 1900
DSBH	Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000
DSBH5	Literary studies: postcolonial literature		1.4
DSBJ	Literary studies: from c 2000
DSC	Literary studies: poetry and poets Use for: critical books on poetry or individual poets and also for general books that talk about poems or poetry, including the appreciation of poetry		1.4
DSG	Literary studies: plays and playwrights
DSK	Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers
DSM	Comparative literature	1.2
DSR	Literary reference works
DSRC	Literary companions, book reviews and guides FZ Fiction companions, XR* Graphic novel and comic books: guides and reviews
DSY	Children’s and teenage literature studies: general
DSYC	Children’s and teenage book reviews and guides
F	Fiction and Related items DO NOT USE: code ‘F’ itself, but select specific categories from section F*. Use all F* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers where these aspects are particularly pertinent and significant. N.B. F* codes maybe used with appropriate non-fiction categories to indicate key settings or topics of the narrative, but for all adult fiction the primary category must be an F* code. FX* codes may be used to indicate a strong underlying theme. Also use with 5H*, 5J*, 5L* or 5P* qualifiers when these represent a significant topic or part of the appeal of the narrative. FY* codes may be used to indicate special features of a fiction title		1.4
FB	Fiction: general and literary Use for: works of literary and general non-genre fiction where either the date is unknown or where neither ‘classic’ nor ‘contemporary are applicable. Use all FB* codes with: FX* or FY* codes to give greater detail about themes or features where applicable. FB* codes may be used as the main code with genre fiction codes where a literary novel is also considered to be a significant example of the genre. Prefer: FBA or FBC wherever appropriate, and prefer a genre fiction code as the main subject when this is more appropriate		1.4
FBA	Modern and contemporary fiction Use for: works of literary and non-genre fiction first published in the last few decades		1.4
FBAN	‘Street’ fiction Class here: urban fiction. Use for: stories, usually set in urban, inner-city enclaves, that are often dark, focusing on the underside of city life	1.3
FBC	Classic fiction Class here: works of literary and general non-genre fiction widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically but not necessarily published and in print for several decades. Prefer: ‘classic’ headings for genre fiction where available DBS* Ancient Sagas and epics, FFC Classic crime and mystery fiction, FLC Classic science fiction		1.4
FC	Biographical fiction Class here: fictional life writing, autobiographical stories, autofiction. Use for: highly fictionalised accounts of the lives of real people (including fictionalised autobiographies) or where an author is using events or experiences from their own life as an integral part of the narrative or story. Use with: FV as appropriate DN* Biography and non-fiction prose	1.1	1.4
FD	Speculative fiction
FDB	Dystopian and utopian fiction Use for: any fiction set in an ideal, dysfunctional or degraded society. Use with: FL* or other F* codes as appropriate		1.1
FDK	Alternative history fiction Use for: any fiction, apart from Fantasy or SF, set in an imagined world that might have emerged had key historical events happened differently e.g. outcome of WW2
FDM	Afrofuturism / Black Speculative fiction Use with: FL* for Black Science Fiction, or FK* or FM* codes as appropriate	1.4
FF	Crime and mystery fiction
FFC	Classic crime and mystery fiction Use for: works of crime fiction widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically, but not necessarily, published and in print for several decades		1.4
FFD	Crime and mystery: private investigator / amateur detectives Use for: stories where the main investigator is not an official police or judicial investigator	1.3
FFH	Historical crime and mysteries Use for: contemporary mysteries set in past times, e.g. in Victorian, Medieval, Roman period. Use with: PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3 * Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate		1.3
FFJ	Crime and mystery: cosy mystery Use for: mysteries set in rural or traditional communities featuring minimal violence and typically amateur sleuths
FFK	Comic (humorous) crime and mystery
FFL	Crime and mystery: hard-boiled crime, noir fiction
FFP	Crime and mystery: police procedural Class here: police and forensic investigation, judicial or detective investigators		1.3
FFS	Crime and mystery: women sleuths
FG	Sports fiction Use with: S* codes to indicate specific sport featured	1.1
FH	Thriller / suspense fiction
FHD	Espionage and spy thriller
FHK	Technothriller Use for: thrillers incorporating scientific, technological (including computing), medical, etc elements as important parts of the narrative	1.1
FHP	Political / legal thriller
FHQ	Esoteric thriller Use for: thrillers featuring traditions of ancient, secret or esoteric knowledge, such as Holy Grail, etc
FHX	Psychological thriller
FJ	Adventure fiction Use for: works that primarily emphasise physical, and sometimes violent, action, that often have a sense of danger and are meant to give the reader a sense of excitement or adventure FH Thriller / suspense fiction		1.4
FJH	Historical adventure fiction Use for: adventure novels set in past times; prefer specific FJM* code if applicable. Use with: PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate
FJM	War, combat and military adventure fiction Class here: Special forces stories. Use for: stories that primarily emphasise the action or adventure side of war or combat, but prefer other F* codes and TIME PERIOD 1* qualifiers for works where war or conflict is part of the background of the story or that examine the impact of war but where the primary theme could not be seen as action or adventure		1.4
FJMC	Napoleonic War fiction
FJMF	First World War fiction
FJMS	Second World War fiction
FJMV	Vietnam War fiction
FJN	Sea stories Class here: naval and maritime fiction, nautical fiction. Use for: adventure or action stories featuring seafarers, pirates, sailors, fishermen and so on, or largely set at sea	1.3	1.4
FJW	Adventure fiction: Westerns
FK	Horror and supernatural fiction
FKC	Classic horror and ghost stories Class here: classic gothic horror. Use for: horror and ghost stories widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically, but not necessarily, published and in print for several decades		1.4
FKM	Contemporary horror and ghost stories Use for: horror set in the present day or contemporary settings, typically first published in the last few decades		1.4
FKW	Occult fiction
FL	Science fiction
FLC	Classic science fiction Use for: science fiction widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically, but not necessarily, published and in print for several decades		1.4
FLG	Science fiction: time travel
FLM	Science fiction: steampunk Class here: dieselpunk, retrofuturism. Use for: science fiction based on an alternative world where 19th century steam power has emerged as the dominant technology		1.3
FLP	Science fiction: near-future		1.3
FLPB	Science fiction: cyberpunk / biopunk Use for: science fiction based on marginalised or low-life characters in a highly technologically advanced society or focused on the implications of biotechnology or genetic engineering	1.3
FLQ	Science fiction: apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic		1.1
FLR	Science fiction: military Use for: science fiction set within the military or where organised use of weaponry is central to the plot FLS Science fiction: space opera	1.1
FLS	Science fiction: space opera Use for: science fiction set in space, usually with advanced cultures and technology
FLU	Science fiction: aliens / UFOs Class here: first contact, alien invasion	1.1	1.3
FLW	Science fiction: space exploration Class here: colonisation of space	1.3
FM	Fantasy
FMB	Epic fantasy / heroic fantasy Class here: high fantasy		1.3
FMH	Historical fantasy
FMK	Comic (humorous) fantasy
FMM	Magical realism Use for: works that incorporates fantastic, magical, mythical or supernatural elements into an otherwise real-world or mundane setting. Use with: FBA or FBC for literary works that incorporate magical realism, for example, those of the kind frequently associated with literature from Latin America	1.1	1.4
FMR	Fantasy romance Use for: fantasy stories using many of the elements and conventions of the romance genre but that remain primarily and recognisably a fantasy story FRV Dark romance, FRT Romance: fantasy and paranormal		1.3
FMT	Dark fantasy Use for: fantasy stories with darker and frightening themes, often incorporating elements of horror or that have a gloomy and threatening atmosphere or a sense of horror and dread	1.3
FMW	Contemporary fantasy Use for: fantasy set in the present day or contemporary settings	1.3
FMX	Urban fantasy
FN	Traditional stories, myths and fairy tales Use for: modern retellings in novel form or collections of these type of traditional tales and stories aimed primarily at adults, or works of fiction inspired by these traditional stories, tales or folklore DBS* Ancient Sagas and epics, QRS* Ancient religions and Mythologies, JBGB Folklore, myths and legends, YFJ Children’s / Teenage fiction: Traditional stories, YNRU Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ancient religions, Mythology and legends		1.4
FNF	Fairy and Folk tales Class here: folk and fairy tales from any culture told in a story form. Use for: modern retellings in novel form or collections of these type of traditional stories aimed primarily at adults, or stories recognisably inspired by traditional fairy stories JBGB Folklore, myths and legends, YFJ Children’s / Teenage fiction: Traditional stories, YNXB4 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Fairies, elves, etc	1.4
FNM	Myths and Legends Class here: myths and legends from any culture told in story form. Use for: modern retellings in novel form or collections of these type of traditional stories aimed primarily at adults, or stories recognisably inspired by traditional myths. Use with: QRS* or QRR* codes to indicate which tradition, as appropriate DBS* Ancient Sagas and epics, JBGB Folklore, myths and legends, QRS* Ancient religions and Mythologies, YFJ Children’s / Teenage fiction: Traditional stories, YNRU Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ancient religions, Mythology and legends	1.4
FP	Erotic fiction Use for: stories of an erotic nature that deal explicitly with sexual relationships and themes, that are not primarily a romance story. Use with: INTEREST Qualifier 5X as appropriate. DO NOT USE: with FRX code FRX Erotic romance		1.3
FQ	Contemporary lifestyle fiction Class here: romantic comedy, ‘feel good’, ‘up-lit’, ‘slice of life’ fiction. Use for: stories set in the present day or contemporary settings, dealing with realistic everyday themes or lifestyles, usually in a light-hearted, sometimes uplifting, manner	1.1	1.4
FR	Romance
FRD	Contemporary romance Use for: romance where main characters live and work in a world most readers can understand, with modern conveniences and current social mores		1.3
FRF	Romance: wholesome Class here: sweetheart, clean and cosy romance. Use for: romance that does not contain any strong language or physical intimacy. Use with: FW for religious romance, as appropriate, and with 5P* values from INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.3
FRH	Historical romance Use for: romance stories set in the past (typically before the writer’s lifetime), where the time period is a significant or essential part of the story, and that portray the spirit, manners, and social conditions of that time with realistic detail (e.g. Regency romances). Use with: PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate		1.3
FRJ	Romance: ‘western’, rural or ‘outback’ Class here: cowboy romance. Use for: romance that takes place in very rural environments, often set on farms, ranches or in small rural communities, usually far from any city	1.3
FRM	Romantic suspense
FRP	Romance in uniform Class here: military, armed services, firefighters, police, pilots, cabin crew etc. Use for: romance stories where one or more of the main protagonists is in a job that means wearing a formal uniform	1.3
FRQ	Romance: medical Use for: romance stories featuring doctors, nurses, etc	1.3
FRT	Romance: fantasy and paranormal Class here: vampire romance, were / shifter romance. Use for: a romance story which blends elements from the fantasy genre or features mythical creatures or supernatural elements but remain primarily and recognisably a romance story. Use with: FM* codes as appropriate	1.3
FRU	Romance: time travel	1.3
FRV	Dark romance Use for: genre romance stories where the themes are dark, often exploring themes of evil or horror, usually featuring an anti-hero or non-heroic characters and/or distressing situations	1.3
FRX	Erotic romance Use for: romance fiction which contains explicit sexual content, but which remains primarily and recognisably a romance story. Use with: INTEREST Qualifier 5X as appropriate. DO NOT USE: with FP code FP Erotic fiction		1.3
FS	Family life fiction Use for: novels of domestic or small-scale family life, often with a focus on the relationships within a family, but not of the FT* Generational sagas genre. Use with: other F* codes as appropriate FT Generational sagas	1.1	1.4
FT	Generational sagas Class here: family sagas. Use for: genre novels which chronicle the lives and fortunes of a family or a number of related or interconnected families over a period of time and often over generations. These are often part of a sequence of novels. Use with: FR* codes for Romantic sagas or with FV when the historical setting is particularly important. DO NOT USE: for traditional Icelandic or Old Norse sagas FS Family life fiction		1.4
FU	Humorous fiction Use for: fiction where humour is the primary aim and feature except prefer genre-specific ‘humorous’ headings where available. Use with: other F* codes as appropriate
FUP	Satirical fiction and parodies Use for: humorous fiction which is satirical and/or which parodies existing fiction, genres or writers WHP Parodies and spoofs: non-fiction, FYH Fiction: pastiche
FV	Historical fiction Use for: stories set in the past (typically before the writer’s lifetime), where the time period is a significant or essential part of the story and that portray the spirit, manners, and social conditions of that time with realistic detail. Use with: other F* codes as appropriate. Use with: PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate. Prefer: genre-specific ‘historical’ headings where available FFH Historical crime and mysteries, FJH Historical adventure fiction, FMH Historical fantasy, FRH Historical romance		1.3
FW	Religious and spiritual fiction Use for: fiction designed to promote a particular religious, spiritual or visionary message. Use with: 5PG* values from INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate, or where unavailable, a QR* or VX* code. Use with: other F* codes, for example FR* for Religious romance novels		1.3
FX	Fiction: narrative themes Use all FX* codes for: identifying the primary theme of a narrative work, when that theme is not conveyed by the choice of a genre fiction category. Use all FX* codes with: other F* codes indicating genre or type, or with DB*, DC*, DD* or XQ* codes, to indicate the principal underlying narrative theme of a work of fiction. FX* codes can be also be used in conjunction with non-fiction categories to give greater definition to the narrative theme where appropriate. DO NOT USE: FX* codes as the primary or main subject code	1.1	1.4
FXB	Narrative theme: Coming of age Class here: bildungsroman	1.1
FXD	Narrative theme: Love and relationships Use for: fiction where a strong relationship or love is the central theme but not a genre romance novel. This can include friendships, family relationships etc as long as it is one of the principal themes of the story. Use with: INTEREST 5* Qualifiers for detail of specific kinds of relationships as appropriate	1.3	1.4
FXE	Narrative theme: Environmental issues Use for: fiction that addresses a specific environmental issue as a central theme	1.2
FXL	Narrative theme: Death, grief, loss Use for: fiction where a loss or the experience of grief is a central theme	1.2
FXM	Narrative theme: Interior life Use for: fiction which places particular emphasis on interior characterization, and on the motives, feelings and thoughts of characters. Prefer: FHX for psychological thrillers	1.1
FXN	Narrative theme: Identity / belonging Use for: fiction where the identity, the sense of, or search for, identity (of whatever kind, social, cultural, religious, gender, etc) of the main character(s) is the main, or one of the main themes of the story. Use with: other subject codes and INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.4
FXP	Narrative theme: Politics Use for: fiction where political concerns are the underlying narrative theme including political allegories. Prefer: FHP for political thrillers	1.1
FXQ	Narrative theme: displacement, exile, migration Use for: fiction that has major themes relating to diasporas, dispersion, asylum, deracination, forced relocation, cultural transitions, forced journeys, etc	1.4
FXR	Narrative theme: Sense of place Use for: fiction set in a real location (often but not necessarily rural or historic), where the setting very deeply pervades the work to the extent that it could not be set anywhere else; e.g. the French tradition of ‘roman du terroir’. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers	1.2
FXS	Narrative theme: Social issues Use for: fiction that addresses a specific social problem or issue as a central theme. Use with: other non-fiction codes, especially JBF* codes, to give more detail of the main social issue	1.1	1.3
FY	Fiction: special features Use all FY* codes with: other F* code indicating genre or type. FY* codes should not usually be the primary or main subject code		1.4
FYB	Short stories
FYD	Epistolary fiction Use for: fiction written in a series of documents, letters, diaries, emails, blogs etc	1.3
FYH	Fiction: pastiche Use for: fiction written deliberately in the style of another (typically earlier) author (as homage rather than parody), often as a sequel to a novel written by, or using a popular character created by, the original author FUP Satirical fiction and parodies
FYM	Fiction: mashup Use for: fiction which combines a pre-existing text, often a classic novel, with another contrasting genre, such as horror, into a single narrative. Use with: other F* or non-fiction codes to indicate component elements FUP Satirical fiction and parodies	1.1
FYQ	Fiction: special features: Yaoi / BL novels Use with: other F* codes to indicate genre, for example FR* codes for Romance stories, 5LKE * codes if they are about that generation XAMT Manga: Yaoi	1.4
FYR	Category fiction Use for: the kind of romance, science fiction or other types of genre fiction, usually published on a monthly basis, short, in clearly delineated lines and with a certain number published every month. Use with: other F* code indicating genre or type. DO NOT USE: FYR as the main or primary subject or the only code	1.3	1.4
FYS	Fiction: special features: ranobe (‘light novels’) Use for: short fiction aimed at adults, usually driven primarily by dialogue and character and generally accompanied by illustrations in manga/anime or similar styles. Use with: other F* codes to indicate the genre. FYS may be used as a main subject as appropriate	1.4
FYT	Fiction in translation Use for: fiction translated from another language. Use with: F* codes to ensure classification is meaningful beyond the translation of the work itself. DO NOT USE: PLACE 1* or LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers to specify the original language (this is described in other metadata). You may still use a PLACE 1* Qualifier if it is relevant to the plot or setting of the book. DO NOT USE: FYT as the main or primary subject or the only code		1.4
FYV	Fiction: inspired by or adapted from Use for: stories that were published as spin-offs or companions to pre-existing non-book media or merchandise, novelizations and novels inspired by a popular film franchise, an online game or a TV series. Use with: other F* codes indicating genre or type, or with DB*, DC*, DD* or XQ* codes if this work is presented as a poem or a comic book. DO NOT USE: for titles that were subsequently made into films, film tie-in versions (this is described in other metadata)	1.3	1.4
FYW	Fiction: special features: game-related Class here: LitRPG, GameLit, RoLit. Use for: fiction that is structured like a videogame, or features the same kind of challenges as would be found in a game, or is about or set in a videogame. Use with: other F* codes especially FL* or FM* as appropriate	1.4
FZ	Fiction companions Use for: companion works to popular fiction series or titles, typically uncritical, such as an atlas of a mythical world, a compendium of characters, a guide to the series, etc. Use with: other F* codes indicating genre or type, or with DB*, DC*, DD* or XQ* codes if this work is presented as a poem or a comic book etc DSR Literary reference works, XR* Graphic novel and comic books: guides and reviews		1.4
G	Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects Use all G* codes for: specialist and general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘G’ itself, but select specific categories from section G*. Use all G* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate		1.4
GB	Encyclopaedias and reference works
GBA	General encyclopaedias Use for: non-subject-specific works only
GBC	Reference works Use with: other subject code indicating the area or scope of the work CB* Language: reference and general, DSR* Literary reference works
GBCB	Dictionaries of biography Class here: Who’s Who. Use with: other subject code indicating the area or scope of the work		1.3
GBCD	Subject dictionaries Use for: dictionaries and glossaries covering a particular subject e.g. Legal dictionaries. Use with: other subject codes as appropriate	1.2	1.4
GBCQ	Quotations, proverbs and sayings Class here: collections of common phrases or aphorisms, helpful quotations for specific purposes		1.3
GBCR	Bibliographies, catalogues AVD Discographies and buyer’s guides
GBCS	Serials, periodicals, abstracts, indexes
GBCT	Directories Use for: works listing individuals or organisations (generally arranged alphabetically, thematically, phonetically, etc) with details such as names, addresses, and telephone numbers		1.4
GBCY	Yearbooks, annuals, almanacs
GBD	Miscellanies and compendia Use for: works containing a mixture or assortment of pieces compiled from varied sources and that can include many subjects and be in a variety of different forms, such as quotes, facts, illustrations etc. Use with: other subject codes when the miscellany covers one broad subject, (e.g. for a bestiary use with WN* codes) WDKX Trivia and quiz questions	1.3
GL	Library and information sciences / Museology
GLC	Library, archive and information management
GLCA	Information retrieval and access
GLF	IT, Internet and electronic resources in libraries
GLH	Acquisitions and collection development
GLK	Bibliographic and subject control Class here: indexing, cataloguing and classification
GLM	Library and information services Class here: academic, specialist, public and school libraries; reference, circulation and community services
GLP	Archiving, preservation and digitization
GLZ	Museology and heritage studies Class here: museum studies, curatorship, heritage interpretation, and historical conservation. Use for: works about the preservation and promotion of culturally and socially significant sites, buildings, monuments, the tangible, intangible and natural cultural heritage of a society, etc ABC Conservation, restoration and care of artworks, AGC Exhibition catalogues and specific collections, NK* Archaeology, RNK Conservation of the environment, TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials, NK* Archaeology		1.4
GP	Research and information: general
GPF	Information theory
GPFC	Cybernetics and systems theory Class here: control and stability of systems, entropy
GPH	Data science and analysis: general Class here: data visualization and infographics, large data sets, big data. Use for: interdisciplinary works about data and its uses. Use with: other subject codes as appropriate UN* Databases, UX* Applied computing, UYZF Information visualization		1.4
GPJ	Coding theory and cryptology Class here: cryptography URY Data encryption		1.4
GPQ	Decision theory: general KJMD Management decision making
GPQD	Risk assessment Class here: risk management, risk analysis		1.4
GPS	Research methods: general Use with: other subject codes for research methods within a particular discipline JHBC Social research and statistics, KJT Operational research		1.3
GT	Interdisciplinary studies
GTB	History of scholarship (principally of social sciences and humanities) Use for: historical studies concentrating on fields of study not covered by the English term ‘science’ (cf. history of science), but included for example in the German term ‘Wissenschaft’ (i.e. all kinds of academic studies) PDA Philosophy of science, PDX History of science	1.1
GTC	Communication studies Use for: Communication Studies textbooks and for works covering a range of aspects of communication – linguistic, social, industrial, technological etc JBCT* Media studies
GTD	Semiotics / semiology CFA Philosophy of language
GTK	Cognitive studies Use for: interdisciplinary works QDTM Philosophy of mind, JM* Psychology, MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology, PSAN Neurosciences, UYQ* Artificial intelligence, UXJ Computer applications in the social and behavioural sciences		1.1
GTM	Regional / International studies Use for: interdisciplinary works covering a range of topics within a defined geographical or linguistic area. Use with: PLACE 1*, LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate RGL Regional geography		1.4
GTP	Development studies KCM Development economics and emerging economies
GTQ	Globalization
GTT	Flags, emblems, symbols, logos NHTG Genealogy, heraldry, names and honours
GTU	Peace studies and conflict resolution JWLP Peacekeeping operations
GTV	Institutions and learned societies: general JPSN International institutions
GTZ	General studies and General knowledge Use for: usually interdisciplinary material aimed specifically at General Studies courses at undergraduate level or general knowledge and cultural information for adult education. Use with: with 4CN*, 4CP* or 4TN* for tests WDKX Trivia and quiz questions, YPWL Educational: General studies, educational skills and competencies		1.4
J	Society and Social Sciences Use all J* codes for: specialist and some general adult titles, but see also V* codes for practical approaches to many topics. Use all J* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate. In J* use the most appropriate code(s) available, as many social sciences are broad topics that can have many alternative terms or names		1.4
JB	Society and culture: general Use all JB* codes for: both general and academic works on social topics. Use with: JH* codes for sociology textbooks and other specialist works as appropriate VFV* Relationships and families: advice and issues
JBC	Cultural and media studies
JBCC	Cultural studies Class here: intercultural studies, studies of cultural identity, general studies of cultural heritage, contemporary culture in society. Use with: PLACE 1*, LANGUAGE 2* or 5P* INTEREST Qualifiers to indicate the cultural studies of a particular region(s) or country / countries, language grouping or groups of people		1.4
JBCC1	Popular culture
JBCC2	Material culture Use for: the interdisciplinary field telling of relationships between people and their things, the role of artefacts and objects in society, the making, history, preservation, and interpretation of objects		1.3
JBCC3	Cultural studies: fashion and society Class here: ideas of beauty or body image in culture, fashions in different cultures or societies. Use with: NHTB for an historical approach or AKT* codes as appropriate		1.4
JBCC4	Cultural studies: food and society Use for: works that examine the traditions, habits, customs, rituals, ceremonies, taboos linked to food and drink in different cultures, food or drink as intangible cultural heritage. Use with: NHTB for an historical approach and with WB* codes as appropriate		1.4
JBCC6	Cultural studies: customs and traditions Class here: studies of traditional rituals and ceremonies; cultural taboos or superstitions, social behaviour, values and norms as defined by society, institutions, traditions and cultural beliefs JBGB Folklore, myths and legends	1.2	1.4
JBCC7	Cross-cultural studies and topics Class here: cross-cultural encounters, cross-cultural exchanges, cultural clashes. Use for: works that examine social and cultural topics and issues around the meeting of different of cultures, including conflicts, negative or positive exchanges, on a personal or a societal level. Use with: NH* codes for historical topics	1.4
JBCC8	Cultural policies and debates Use for: works about current debates, policies, ideas, controversies around the role of culture or cultural heritage in society	1.4
JBCC9	History of ideas Use for: works that look at the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. Use with: other J* or NH* or QD* codes as appropriate		1.4
JBCT	Media studies GTC Communication studies
JBCT1	Media studies: internet, digital media and society Use for: all aspects of online, digital and social media and their role or impact in society, including things such as blogging, tweeting, influencers, spread of real and false information, changing habits and behaviour linked to digital media ATN Internet and digital media: arts and performance		1.4
JBCT2	Media studies: TV and society Use for: works on both traditional and new forms of consuming small screen entertainment, including streaming and on demand services, impacts and influences on culture, links to popular culture, etc		1.4
JBCT3	Media studies: advertising and society
JBCT4	Media studies: journalism KNTP Publishing industry and journalism	1.2
JBCT5	Disinformation and misinformation Class here: propaganda, ‘fake news’. Use for: the purposeful use of false or misleading information, manipulation of thoughts and actions by use of information, the spread of misleading or non-fact based information. Use with: JBCT1 for works about the role of digital platforms	1.4
JBF	Social and ethical issues PDR Impact of science and technology on society, QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy, RNT Social impact of environmental issues
JBFA	Social discrimination and equal treatment Use for: works about various forms of discrimination, about equality or inequality, about prejudice based on a person’s identity and also about measures to address these issues, such as diversity and inclusion policies, positive discrimination, work on unconscious bias. Use with: other JB* categories, or other subject codes and Qualifiers to denote specific forms of discrimination, e.g. with JBSF* codes for sexism or discrimination based on gender, QRAM9 plus 5PG* codes for discrimination based on religion, JBSJ plus 5PS* codes for discrimination based on sexual orientation etc		1.4
JBFA1	Racism and racial discrimination Class here: institutional racism, xenophobia. Use for: works about discrimination and prejudice based on skin colour, race or ethnic origin, or prejudices based on the perception that someone is foreign or from outside the community, and issues of inequality and discrimination, as well as measures to address racism	1.4
JBFB	Social Integration and assimilation	1.3
JBFC	Poverty and precarity Use for: works about food poverty, food banks, unemployment or employment when linked to poverty, the precariat, economic insecurity, underemployment, chaotic lifestyles, malnutrition linked to poverty, in-work poverty, the working poor etc		1.4
JBFD	Housing and homelessness Class here: the unhoused, issues around providing houses, cost of homes, lack of accommodation etc		1.4
JBFF	Social impact of disasters Class here: diseases, famine, malnutrition, forced movement of peoples as a result of disasters etc. Use with: other subject codes as appropriate RNR Natural disasters		1.4
JBFG	Refugees and political asylum Class here: asylum seekers, sanctuary. Use with: other codes for specific topics, such as JBFA for discrimination, JBFD for housing topics, NHTB for social history, FX for novels, etc		1.4
JBFG1	Aiding escape and evasion Class here: the Underground Railroad, the Comet Line, Fluchthilfe, etc. Use for: titles about helping refugees escape repression, slavery, conflicts etc. Use with: NH* codes and PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.3
JBFH	Migration, immigration and emigration Use for: works about diasporas, expatriates, settlers or the migrants themselves, or cultural or social topics linked to migration. Use with: other codes for specific topics, such as JBFA for discrimination, JBFD for housing topics, NHTB for social history, FX for novels etc		1.4
JBFJ	Human trafficking Class here: forced labour, forced marriage, sexual slavery, modern-day slavery, forced prostitution, child labour NHTS Slavery and abolition of slavery	1.3
JBFK	Violence and abuse in society Class here: ill-treatment, maltreatment or wilful neglect in society, violence based on cultural traditions, violence against particular groups or individuals, institutional violence, violent criminal behaviour in society etc. Use for: works about perceptions of violence and insecurity in society, as well as works on actual violence, abuse and neglect JKV Crime and criminology		1.4
JBFK1	Child abuse Class here: child neglect		1.4
JBFK2	Sexual abuse and harassment Class here: sexual violence, rape, sexual assault JKVN Violent crimes		1.3
JBFK3	Domestic abuse Class here: domestic violence, family violence, intimate partner violence, coercive control, gaslighting, master suppression techniques and countermeasures		1.4
JBFK4	Bullying and harassment Class here: mobbing, social media trolling, cyberbullying, intimidation, coercion, mobbing, stalking and threatening behaviour. Use with: JBCT* codes when linked to different kinds of media, KNXC or KJMV2 for workplace harassment	1.3	1.4
JBFL	Control, privacy and safety in society Use for: issues and debates around privacy, use of data, the role of government and big corporations, security, anti-terrorism, rights of the individual versus the rights of society, surveillance, public safety, social control and coercion JPV Political control and freedoms	1.4
JBFM	Disability: social aspects Use for: works that look at societal barriers to a person with impairments, the way societies treat disabled persons, the impact of policies, etc. Use with: 5PM* Qualifiers as appropriate and other codes for specific topics, such as JBFA for discrimination, JBFD for housing topics, JKS* for welfare, NHTB for social history, FX for novels etc		1.4
JBFN	Health, illness and addiction: social aspects Use for: studies of the social or cultural impact of health policies or different illnesses or addictions; social or cultural behaviour or reactions to different types of addictions, illnesses or health scares. Use with: MBP to indicate social aspects of health systems		1.4
JBFN2	Drugs and alcohol: social aspects Class here: drug or alcohol addiction, opioid addiction, substance abuse. Use for: works about impact of drugs and alcohol addiction or abuse on society, groups or individuals, intervention strategies, public policies etc	1.4
JBFQ	Social mobility
JBFS	Consumerism
JBFU	Animals and society Class here: animal rights, vivisection, hunting, animal welfare, the use of animals for food, as resources, as commodities, human impact on animal world, trade in animals etc, treated as issues		1.4
JBFV	Ethical issues and debates Use with: other categories to indicate works that treat a subject as an ethical debate PSAD Bioethics, QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy		1.4
JBFV1	Ethical issues: abortion and birth control	1.1
JBFV2	Ethical issues: capital punishment Class here: the death penalty	1.1	1.4
JBFV3	Ethical issues: censorship Class here: debates around freedom of speech, censorship vs security, etc	1.1	1.4
JBFV4	Ethical issues: euthanasia and right to die Class here: assisted suicide, assisted death. Use with: LNT for legal aspects	1.1	1.4
JBFV5	Ethical issues: scientific, technological and medical developments	1.1
JBFW	Sex and sexuality, social aspects Use for: general interest works on sex and society, pornography and the sex industry, sex work and prostitution JMU Psychology: sexual behaviour, VFVC Sex and sexuality: advice and issues		1.3
JBFX	Social attitudes Class here: political correctness. Use for: general works about social, political and moral attitudes in societies. Use with: other categories for attitudes towards particular subjects or groups		1.4
JBFZ	Social forecasting, future studies
JBG	Popular beliefs and controversial knowledge		1.2
JBGB	Folklore, myths and legends Use for: non-fiction studies of traditional stories or material, verbal or customary folklore; studies of urban and contemporary myths and legends; studies of the origins of myths, fairy tales, tall-stories, paranormal tales, supernatural beings, Old wives’ tales, popular superstitions etc; specialist works about the origin of the stories of Atlantis, the Holy Grail, the Hidden Folk, the Bermuda Triangle, the Green Man etc. Prefer: QR* codes for the spiritual or religious aspects of mythology or VX* codes for more popular approaches or FN* codes for the stories themselves FN Traditional stories, myths and fairy tales, QRS* Ancient religions and Mythologies, VXQM* Mythical and legendary beings, monsters and creatures		1.4
JBGX	Conspiracy theories Class here: hoaxes, cover ups etc	1.2	1.3
JBS	Social groups and identities Use all JBS* codes with: other codes for specific topics, such as JBFA for discrimination, NHTB for social history, FX* for novels and INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
JBSA	Social classes Class here: class conflict, social stratification, socio-economic groups. Use for: works that examine class, a particular class, characteristics and distinctions of that class, interaction between different strata of society, perceptions and prejudices about particular classes		1.4
JBSC	Rural communities Class here: small settlements in rural areas, people living in the countryside, semi-rural areas, isolated communities		1.4
JBSD	Urban communities Class here: inner cities, suburbs, city and town dwellers, suburban communities. Use for: any works on urban or semi-urban settings		1.4
JBSF	Gender studies, gender groups Use for: works that examine social roles based on the sex of the person (gender role) or personal identification of one’s own gender based on an internal awareness (gender identity), as well as works that look at sex (based on the anatomy of an individual’s reproductive system, and secondary sex characteristics), including intersex people		1.4
JBSF1	Gender studies: women and girls Class here: Women’s studies. Use with: other subject codes when a work is primarily about women or girls. Use with: JBFA for discrimination based on gender or sexism, NHTB for women’s history, etc		1.4
JBSF11	Feminism and feminist theory
JBSF2	Gender studies: men and boys Class here: Men’s studies, topics around masculinity. Use with: other subject codes when a work is primarily about men or boys		1.4
JBSF3	Gender studies: ‘trans’, transgender people and gender variance Class here: transsexual, transgender, gender non-conforming, non-binary, genderqueer, gender minority, two spirit, third gender etc. Use for: works that look at those whose gender is different (wholly or partially) from that assigned to them at birth, or gender variance in cultures who have established more than two genders. Use with: JBFA for issues around discrimination and transphobia	1.2	1.4
JBSJ	LGBTQ+ / Gay and Lesbian Studies Class here: queer studies, sexual diversity studies. Use for: studies of sexuality, sexual orientation and associated identity-based groups or cultures. Use with: other codes for specific topics, e.g. JBFA for homophobia or issues around discrimination or NHTB for LGBTQ+ history and 5PS* values from INTEREST 5* Qualifiers, as appropriate JBSF3 Gender studies: ‘trans’, transgender people and gender variance		1.4
JBSL	Ethnic studies Use with: other subject codes for interdisciplinary studies and PLACE 1* and 5PB* values from INTEREST 5* Qualifiers, as appropriate		1.4
JBSL1	Ethnic groups and multicultural studies Class here: race relations, ethnic minorities, multiculturalism. Use for: works on social and cultural topics linked to multicultural societies JBFA Social discrimination and equal treatment		1.4
JBSL11	Indigenous peoples
JBSL13	Mixed heritage / mixed race groups or people	1.3
JBSP	Age groups and generations Use for: works that look at different generations, or topics, issues, problems for different generations or generational misunderstandings or conflicts, intergenerational topics, etc		1.4
JBSP1	Age groups: children
JBSP2	Age groups: adolescents
JBSP3	Age groups: adults
JBSP4	Age groups: the elderly
JBSR	Social groups: religious groups and communities Use with: 5PG* values from INTEREST 5* Qualifiers and QR* codes as appropriate
JBSW	Social groups: alternative lifestyles Use for: lifestyles that are diverse in regards to the mainstream or perceived to be outside the cultural norms		1.4
JBSX	Secret societies Class here: freemasonry QRY* Alternative belief systems, FHQ Esoteric thriller
JBSY	Social groups: clubs and societies Class here: voluntary association or ‘elective affinities’, how and why people join and associate themselves with specific groups
JH	Sociology and anthropology Use all JH* codes for: textbooks or academic and specialist works. Use with: other J* codes indicating specific topics where appropriate
JHB	Sociology LAQ Law and society, sociology of law, MBS Medical sociology
JHBA	Social theory
JHBC	Social research and statistics GPS Research methods: general
JHBD	Population and demography
JHBK	Sociology: family and relationships Use for: works about family structures, relationships within families, social networks, peer-groups, friendships, sociology of physical and emotional relationships with other people, social control or conformity within groups or families, etc JBFW Sex and sexuality, social aspects, VFV* Relationships and families: advice and issues		1.4
JHBL	Sociology: work and labour Class here: sociology of employment / unemployment		1.3
JHBS	Sociology: sport and leisure
JHBZ	Sociology: death and dying VFJX Coping with death and bereavement
JHM	Anthropology		1.2
JHMC	Social and cultural anthropology Class here: ethnography, kinship and family, Institutional anthropology, sociocultural anthropology. Use with: other J* codes for different specialities in anthropology JBCC* Cultural studies		1.4
JK	Social services and welfare, criminology
JKS	Social welfare and social services
JKSB	Welfare and benefit systems
JKSB1	Child welfare and youth services Class here: child protection and safeguarding, social work services aimed at support of vulnerable/under-privileged youths in society LNMK Family law: children		1.4
JKSF	Adoption and fostering
JKSG	Care of the elderly Class here: elder abuse, maltreatment and neglect, institutions for the care of older people. Use for: social care aspect, community and government policies and associated professions or roles		1.4
JKSL	Care of people with specific needs Class here: care of people with visible or hidden disabilities, people with physical and sensory impairments, care of neurodivergent persons with additional needs. Use for: social care aspect, community and government policies and associated professions or roles. Use with: 5PM* qualifiers as appropriate	1.4
JKSM	Care of people with mental health issues Use for: social care aspect, community and government policies and associated professions or roles. Use with: 5PM* qualifiers as appropriate MBPK Mental health services, VFJQ Coping with mental health issues		1.4
JKSN	Social work
JKSN1	Charities, voluntary services and philanthropy
JKSN2	Social counselling and advice services
JKSR	Aid and relief programmes Class here: works on international and foreign aid or assistance, humanitarian aid, disaster relief. Use for: domestic and international programmes, either short term or long term aid programmes, relief initiatives etc		1.4
JKSW	Emergency services
JKSW1	Police and security services
JKSW2	Fire services
JKSW3	Ambulance and rescue services Use for: non-medical works about paramedical and equivalent emergency services MQF First aid and paramedical services		1.4
JKV	Crime and criminology DNXC True crime
JKVC	Causes and prevention of crime Class here: surveillance, anti-terrorism measures, protection of the public from crime, policies around prevention and causes of crime, Social control theory		1.4
JKVF	Criminal investigation and detection
JKVF1	Forensic science JMK Criminal or forensic psychology, MKT Forensic medicine
JKVG	Drugs trade / drug trafficking
JKVJ	Street crime Class here: mugging, pickpocketing, vandalism, knife crime, gun crime		1.3
JKVK	Corporate crime / white-collar crime Class here: financial crimes, fraud, scams, embezzlement, bribery and corruption etc		1.3
JKVM	Organized crime Class here: criminal gangs, mafia, banditry, piracy		1.3
JKVN	Violent crimes Class here: murder, unlawful killings, kidnapping, torture, assault, honour crimes, rape and crimes of sexual violence, etc. Use for: works that examine different aspects of different types of violent crime. Use with: DNXC* codes for journalistic style accounts of actual violent crimes	1.4
JKVP	Penology and punishment Class here: prisons, penitentiaries, penal systems and theories JWXR Prisoners of war
JKVQ	Offenders
JKVQ1	Rehabilitation of offenders
JKVQ2	Juvenile offenders Class here: juvenile delinquency
JKVS	Probation services
JKVV	Victimology and victims of crime Class here: victim’s rights DNXR True stories of survival of abuse and injustice	1.3
JM	Psychology Use all JM* codes for: academic, specialist and professional level works. Prefer: VS* codes for practical advice for the general reader VSP* Popular psychology
JMA	Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints QDTM Philosophy of mind		1.2
JMAF	Psychoanalytical and Freudian psychology Class here: psychoanalysis		1.2
JMAF1	Lacanian psychoanalysis	1.3
JMAJ	Analytical and Jungian psychology
JMAL	Behaviourism, Behavioural theory		1.2
JMAN	Humanistic psychology
JMAP	Positive psychology	1.2
JMAQ	Cognitivism, cognitive theory
JMB	Psychological methodology
JMBT	Psychological testing and measurement Class here: psychometrics		1.4
JMC	Child, developmental and lifespan psychology JNC Educational psychology
JMD	Psychology of ageing
JMF	Family psychology
JMG	Psychology of gender
JMH	Social, group or collective psychology
JMHC	Interpersonal communication and skills Class here: psychology of communication, both verbal and non-verbal GTC Communication studies	1.3	1.4
JMJ	Occupational and industrial psychology SCGP Sports psychology
JMK	Criminal or forensic psychology JKV* Crime and criminology
JML	Experimental psychology
JMM	Physiological and neuro-psychology, biopsychology
JMP	Abnormal psychology MKM* Clinical psychology
JMQ	Psychology: emotions Class here: affective neuroscience		1.4
JMR	Cognition and cognitive psychology Class here: Cognitive neuroscience, psychological works on learning, memory and memory loss, intelligence, reasoning, perception		1.4
JMS	Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality
JMT	Psychology: states of consciousness Class here: psychological works on conscious and unconscious mind; sleep and dreams; altered states of mind, hypnosis, drug-induced, etc VXN Dreams and their interpretation
JMU	Psychology: sexual behaviour VFVC Sex and sexuality: advice and issues, JBFW Sex and sexuality, social aspects
JMX	Parapsychological studies Use for: serious academic works VXP Psychic powers and psychic phenomena
JN	Education Use all JN* codes for: works about education as a practice or subject, but use YP* codes for schoolbooks or educational material for pupils in pre-tertiary education		1.4
JNA	Philosophy and theory of education		1.1
JNAM	Moral and social purpose of education Use for: works supporting the theories behind education focussed particularly on themes connected to society and behaviour in it	1.1	1.2
JNB	History of education Class here: history of specific schools, colleges, as well as general history
JNC	Educational psychology
JND	Educational systems and structures Class here: issues of selection, admissions, inspection, governance etc. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers for comparisons between different education systems		1.4
JNDG	Curriculum planning and development
JNDH	Education: examinations and assessment
JNE	Social pedagogy Use for: works about social pedagogy as a field of study	1.3
JNF	Educational strategies and policy Class here: teaching strategies for literacy, numeracy etc; policies regarding streaming etc		1.2
JNFC	Counselling and care of students Class here: pastoral care, student welfare issues, absence, truancy, discipline, safety in educational establishments, child protection in schools etc	1.2	1.4
JNFK	Educational strategies and policy: inclusion Use for: both formulating policy and practical applications	1.2	1.3
JNG	Early childhood care and education Use for: works aimed at professionals dealing with childcare or general works on subject JNLA Pre-school and kindergarten	1.3
JNH	Home schooling
JNK	Educational administration and organization		1.3
JNKG	Funding of education and student finance
JNKH	Teaching staff
JNL	Schools and pre-schools VSK Advice on education		1.3
JNLA	Pre-school and kindergarten
JNLB	Primary and middle schools Class here: elementary, preparatory, infant and junior schools
JNLC	Secondary schools Class here: senior and high schools
JNLP	Independent schools, private education
JNLR	Faith (religious) schools
JNLV	Outdoor schools / education Class here: adventure education, outdoor learning, forest schools. Use for: organized learning that takes place in the outdoors	1.3
JNM	Higher education, tertiary education Class here: all advanced and post-secondary education, including institutions offering vocational, technical or non-degree courses as well as universities VSK Advice on education		1.4
JNMT	Teacher training
JNP	Adult education, continuous learning Class here: lifelong learning, popular education, community education, ‘Bildung’. Use for: works about education or training of adult learners that are neither university nor vocational training VSL Adult literacy guides and handbooks, VSN Adult numeracy guides and handbooks		1.4
JNQ	Open learning, distance education
JNR	Careers guidance
JNRD	Work experience, placements and internships	1.3
JNRV	Industrial or vocational training Use for: works on industrial / vocational training, professional development and education as a subject. Prefer: YPW* or other subjects codes, such as T*, and the appropriate 4CP* Qualifiers for teaching material and coursework for teaching vocational subjects		1.4
JNS	Teaching of students with different educational needs Class here: special education, mixed classes of students with different cultural or linguistic backgrounds etc		1.4
JNSC	Teaching of students with physical impairments or disabilities Use for: teaching of students with impaired hearing or vision, or any physical condition giving rise to specific educational needs. Use with: 5PM* codes as appropriate		1.4
JNSG	Teaching of students with learning difficulties Use for: teaching of students with dyslexia, dyscalculia, autism, behavioural difficulties, or any mental impairment giving rise to specific educational needs		1.3
JNSL	Teaching of students with social, emotional or behavioural difficulties	1.3
JNSP	Teaching of gifted or talented students	1.3
JNSR	Remedial education and teaching Class here: developmental education, compensatory education	1.3
JNSV	Education of bilingual or multilingual students Class here: works looking at the theory of education through a secondary language, education in mixed language classes, works about the education of pupils who speak another language, but where the language teaching itself is not the focus of the education	1.4
JNT	Teaching skills and techniques Class here: classroom control, coaching and mentoring, lesson planning, tutoring		1.4
JNTC	Competence development Class here: competency-based education and training, competency learning. Use for: works that examine the practical approach to developing competencies and concrete skills in education or training	1.2	1.4
JNTP	Project-based learning	1.3
JNTR	Play-based learning Use for: works that examine the theories or approaches to using play and activity to teach and learn	1.4
JNTS	Teaching of reading, writing and numeracy Use for: works about the theory or different approaches of learning or teaching the basic skills CJCR Language learning: reading skills, CJCW Language learning: writing skills, JNF Educational strategies and policy, YPCA2 Educational: First / native language: Reading and writing skills	1.4
JNU	Teaching of a specific subject Use with: the code for the subject taught, using YP* Educational codes where appropriate
JNUM	Teachers’ classroom resources and material Class here: interactive resources, teachers’ editions of textbooks, learning materials and teaching aids etc. Use with: the code for the subject taught, using YP* Educational codes where appropriate		1.4
JNUM1	Lesson plans Use with: the code for the subject taught, using YP* Educational codes where appropriate	1.3
JNV	Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) Class here: media technology in classroom, Learning management systems. Use for: works about using digital technologies in class and for learning		1.4
JNW	Extra-curricular activities Class here: field trips, school trips, sporting and community activities, events, performances, playtime/mealtime, after-school activities, school clubs etc		1.3
JNZ	Study and learning skills: general
JP	Politics and government
JPA	Political science and theory QDTS Social and political philosophy
JPB	Comparative politics
JPF	Political ideologies and movements Use for: works on different parts of the political spectrum		1.4
JPFA	Green politics / ecopolitics / environmentalism Class here: green movements, activist organisations RNA Environmentalist thought and ideology, RNB Environmentalist, conservationist and Green organizations	1.4
JPFB	Anarchism
JPFC	Far-left political ideologies and movements Class here: Communism, Marxism-Leninism, Trotskyism, Maoism, extreme-left, radical left, hard left, democratic socialists, populist socialists, social populists, left-wing populism		1.4
JPFF	Left-of-centre democratic ideologies Class here: social democracy, socialism		1.4
JPFK	Centrist democratic ideologies Class here: Communitarianism, Centrism		1.4
JPFM	Right-of-centre democratic ideologies Class here: Conservatism, Christian Democracy		1.4
JPFN	Nationalism Class here: ethnic nationalism, language nationalism, nationalist or nativist movements. Use for: works that examine any form of nationalism. Use with: NH* codes for history titles and INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
JPFN2	Pan-nationalism Use for: works about specific forms of nationalism that look beyond traditional boundaries of basic national identities, in order to create a ‘higher’ pan-national (all-inclusive) identity, based on various common denominators. Use with: NH* codes for history titles and INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.4
JPFQ	Far-right political ideologies and movements Class here: Fascism and neo-fascism, Nazism and neo-Nazism, ultra-nationalism, Extreme right, alt right, hard right, radical right, Palaeoconservatism, nativism, right-wing populism		1.4
JPFR	Religious and theocratic ideologies Class here: Theocracy. Use for: works about religion used as a source of political ideology, identity or action. Use with: QR* codes to indicate particular religion as appropriate		1.4
JPH	Political structure and processes
JPHC	Constitution: government and the state
JPHF	Elections and referenda Class here: psephology, voting systems, suffrage. Use for: works both on the study of, as well as on specific elections or referendums, studies of voting behaviour, types of electoral and voting practices		1.4
JPHL	Political leaders and leadership
JPHV	Political structures: democracy
JPHX	Political structures: totalitarianism and dictatorship Class here: authoritarianism, tyranny, absolutism		1.4
JPL	Political parties and party platforms Use for: works that look at individual or multiple political parties, or examine particular party platforms or programs. Use with: JPF* codes for works about a particular party on the political spectrum		1.4
JPN	Indigenous people: governance and politics Class here: works on policies, government	1.3	1.4
JPP	Public administration KNV Civil service and public sector
JPQ	Central / national / federal government
JPQB	Central / national / federal government policies KCP Political economy
JPR	Regional, state and other local government Use for: any government within a country that is not municipal or city based (these are within scope of JPT) JPT Municipal / city government		1.3
JPRB	Regional, state and other local government policies Use for: policy of any government within a country that is not municipal or city based (these are within scope of JPT) JPT Municipal / city government		1.3
JPS	International relations Class here: International politics, foreign policy		1.4
JPSD	Diplomacy
JPSF	Arms negotiation and control Class here: arms race, arms stockpiling, disarmament		1.4
JPSH	Espionage and secret services Class here: surveillance, counterintelligence, spying, military intelligence		1.4
JPSL	Geopolitics
JPSN	International institutions Class here: UN and UN agencies, EU institutions, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations (IGOs and NGOs) etc. Use with: 1QF* values from PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate GTV Institutions and learned societies: general		1.3
JPT	Municipal / city government Use for: city regions (e.g. Greater London or the Bay Area), metropolitan areas or key subdivisions of urban areas such as boroughs	1.2	1.3
JPV	Political control and freedoms Class here: political propaganda
JPVC	Civics and citizenship
JPVH	Human rights, civil rights Class here: freedom of speech, of information, of worship; land rights, etc LNDC Law: Human rights and civil liberties
JPVR	Political oppression and persecution
JPVR1	Political abduction, imprisonment, ‘Disappearance’ and assassination Use for: works about forced abduction, imprisonment, or unlawful killings used as a form of political oppression, the ‘Disappeared’ in various societies, the search for the people or their bodies, etc. Use with: LBBR or LNDC for legal aspects or NH* codes for historical material	1.4
JPW	Political activism
JPWA	Public opinion and polls
JPWC	Political campaigning and advertising
JPWG	Pressure groups, protest movements and non-violent action Class here: lobbying, demonstrations, civil disobedience, peaceful resistance, active defiance of authority		1.3
JPWH	Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
JPWL	Terrorism, armed struggle Class here: political assassination JWCG Irregular or guerrilla forces and warfare		1.2
JPWQ	Revolutionary groups and movements NHTV Revolutions, uprisings, rebellions
JPWS	Armed conflict Class here: uprisings, armed skirmishes, flashpoints, outbreaks of organized violence short of full-scale war
JPZ	Corruption in politics, government and society Class here: government and public sector corruption, judicial and police corruption, bribery and corruption as part of everyday life in society etc JKV* Crime and criminology		1.4
JW	Warfare and defence
JWA	Theory of warfare and military science Use with: RG* codes for Military Geography topics		1.4
JWC	Military forces and sectors
JWCD	Land forces and warfare
JWCG	Irregular or guerrilla forces and warfare Class here: armed resistance movements, insurgents, foreign fighters. Use for: works about non-regular military forces who fight for political, economic, ideological or religious reasons. Use with: NHW* codes as appropriate and PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
JWCK	Naval forces and warfare NHTM Maritime history
JWCM	Air forces and warfare
JWCS	Special and elite forces
JWJ	Military administration Class here: personnel issues, discipline, procurement, funding etc
JWK	Military and defence strategy Class here: military tactics, civil defence, national security policies		1.4
JWKF	Military intelligence
JWL	War and defence operations NHW* Military history
JWLF	Battles and campaigns
JWLP	Peacekeeping operations GTU Peace studies and conflict resolution
JWM	Weapons and equipment Use with: code from JWC* to indicate sector WCK Militaria, arms and armour
JWMC	Chemical and biological weapons
JWMN	Nuclear weapons
JWMV	Military vehicles Use with: code from JWC* to indicate sector and WG* as appropriate		1.3
JWT	Military institutions Class here: regiments, memorials, war cemeteries, rolls of honour, command centres, defence institutions, military academies, organisations for veterans or ex-combatants etc AMG Architecture: public, commercial and industrial buildings, WCK Militaria, arms and armour		1.4
JWTU	Military uniforms / insignia	1.3
JWX	Other warfare and defence issues TTM Military engineering
JWXF	Arms trade Class here: Armaments, weapons industry		1.4
JWXJ	Non-combatants Class here: civilians, journalists, aid workers, combat medics, military chaplains, neutrals etc	1.4
JWXK	War crimes NHTZ Genocide and ethnic cleansing, NHTZ1 The Holocaust
JWXN	Mercenaries Class here: soldiers of fortune, private armies and private defence companies. Use for: works about soldiers who fight for money or personal gain		1.4
JWXR	Prisoners of war
JWXT	Mutiny
JWXV	Military veterans
JWXZ	Combat / defence skills and manuals
K	Economics, Finance, Business and Management Use all K* codes for: specialist (professional and academic) and general adult titles, but see also VS* codes for practical approaches to many topics. Use all K* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate		1.4
KC	Economics
KCA	Economic theory and philosophy Class here: history of economic thought. Use with: TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.2
KCB	Macroeconomics
KCBM	Monetary economics Class here: monetary policy		1.3
KCC	Microeconomics Class here: consumer activity, business decisions, etc		1.4
KCCD	Domestic or internal trade Class here: wholesale and retail trade. Use for: works on the economics of exchange of domestic goods within the boundaries of a country KCLT International trade and commerce	1.4
KCD	Economics of industrial organization
KCF	Labour / income economics Class here: wage and salary policy, pay policy, basic income, earnings, comprehensive income JBFC Poverty and precarity		1.3
KCG	Economic growth
KCH	Econometrics and economic statistics
KCJ	Economic forecasting
KCK	Behavioural economics
KCL	International economics Class here: international finance RGCM Economic geography		1.3
KCM	Development economics and emerging economies GTP Development studies
KCLT	International trade and commerce Class here: International trade agreements, free trade and protectionism, economics of tariffs and quotas, subsidies, dumping, trade negotiations KCCD Domestic or internal trade	1.3	1.4
KCP	Political economy
KCS	Economic systems and structures Use for: works on systems such as transitional economies, traditional economies, participatory economics, barter economy, gift economy, etc		1.3
KCSA	Capitalism Class here: laissez-faire, market economies, free market, neoliberal economics, corporate capitalism, mercantilism, etc. Use for: works that look at capitalism as an economic model in all its variations	1.3	1.4
KCSD	Mixed economic systems Class here: social market economies, welfare economies, social corporatism, state-sponsored capitalism, distributed ownership models, etc	1.3	1.4
KCSG	Planned economic systems Class here: centrally-planned economies, command economies	1.3
KCST	Circular economic systems Class here: Circularity models. Use for: works about circular economic models based on repairing, remaking, reusing, redesigning goods and sustainable economic models aimed at eliminating waste and creating a continual use of resources	1.4
KCV	Economics of specific sectors
KCVD	Agricultural economics
KCVG	Environmental economics Class here: green economy, green accounting, ecotaxation, environmental economic strategies and policies		1.4
KCVJ	Health economics
KCVK	Welfare economics
KCVM	Digital or internet economics	1.3
KCVP	Knowledge economics Class here: information economy, knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital	1.3	1.4
KCVQ	Service sector economics Use for: works that look of the economics of the service sector, usually firms offering ‘intangible goods’ such as entertainment, retail, insurance, tourism, banking and other services	1.4
KCVS	Urban economics
KCX	Economic and financial crises and disasters
KCY	Popular economics Use for: accessible works for the general reader
KCZ	Economic history Use with: NH* codes as appropriate and PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
KF	Finance and accounting Use all KF* codes for: academic, specialist and professional level works. Prefer: VS* codes for practical advice for the general reader
KFC	Accounting UFK Accounting software
KFCC	Cost accounting
KFCF	Financial accounting
KFCM	Management accounting and bookkeeping Class here: auditing
KFCP	Public finance accounting
KFCR	Financial reporting, financial statements Class here: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and works on other recognised international or national standards		1.4
KFCX	Accounting: study and revision guides Class here: revision or preparation for recognised international or national accountancy and bookkeeping qualifications, for example ACCA, CIMA or ICAEW etc. Use with: 4CP* codes as appropriate KFFX Banking and finance: study and revision guides		1.4
KFF	Finance Class here: general works on the financial services sector etc. Prefer: U* codes especially UXT for financial technologies, fintech VSB Personal finance		1.4
KFFD	Public finance and taxation KCP Political economy
KFFH	Corporate finance
KFFJ	Currency / Foreign exchange Class here: currency trading, money markets, cryptocurrencies (from a finance / investment aspect) etc UNKD Distributed ledgers	1.3
KFFK	Banking
KFFL	Credit and credit institutions
KFFM	Investment and securities Class here: commodities, stocks and shares, bonds, futures, hedge funds etc VSB Personal finance
KFFN	Insurance and actuarial studies
KFFP	Pensions VSR Retirement
KFFR	Property and real estate VSH Housing and property for the individual: buying/selling and legal aspects
KFFX	Banking and finance: study and revision guides Class here: revision or preparation for recognised international or national banking, finance, insurance qualifications, for example IMC, CFA, FIA etc. Use with: 4CP* codes as appropriate KFCX Accounting: study and revision guides		1.4
KJ	Business and Management Use all KJ* codes for: academic, specialist and professional level works. Prefer: VS* codes for practical advice for the general reader
KJB	Business studies: general
KJBX	Business and management: study and revision guides
KJC	Business strategy
KJD	Business innovation Use for: works on business and the effect of new technologies, strategies, innovation in business KJH Entrepreneurship		1.4
KJDD	Disruptive innovation Use for: developments that create new markets and value networks, and typically disrupt and replace existing markets
KJE	E-commerce: business aspects Class here: electronic commerce, internet commerce. Use for: works about the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions KJSG Online marketing		1.4
KJF	Business competition
KJG	Business ethics and social responsibility
KJH	Entrepreneurship
KJJ	Business and the environment; ‘green’ approaches to business
KJK	International business
KJL	Consultancy Class here: getting or giving advice about running a business, including obtaining grants, subsidies, research funding		1.3
KJM	Management and management techniques VSC Advice on careers and achieving success
KJMB	Management: leadership and motivation Class here: management of change		1.3
KJMD	Management decision making GPQ Decision theory: general
KJMK	Knowledge management KCVP Knowledge economics
KJMP	Project management Class here: Agile, Scrum, etc, project and programme management methodologies		1.4
KJMQ	Quality Assurance (QA) and Total Quality Management (TQM)
KJMT	Time management
KJMV	Management of specific areas
KJMV1	Budgeting and financial management
KJMV2	Personnel and human resources management VSC Advice on careers and achieving success
KJMV21	Performance management / appraisals Class here: professional aptitude tests, performance testing, reviews and evaluations VSC Advice on careers and achieving success	1.3	1.4
KJMV22	Diversity and inclusion in the workplace	1.3	1.4
KJMV4	Management of real estate, property and plant Class here: management of physical assets, Facilities management		1.4
KJMV5	Production and quality control management
KJMV6	Research and development management
KJMV7	Sales and marketing management KJS Sales and marketing
KJMV8	Purchasing and supply management
KJMV9	Distribution and logistics management KNP Retail and wholesale industries
KJN	Business negotiation
KJP	Business communication and presentation
KJQ	Business mathematics and systems
KJR	Corporate governance: role and responsibilities of boards and directors Class here: role and responsibilities of company secretary etc KJG Business ethics and social responsibility		1.1
KJS	Sales and marketing Class here: general works on selling techniques, sales skills KJMV7 Sales and marketing management		1.4
KJSA	Advertising Class here: Advertising industry		1.3
KJSC	Brands and branding
KJSG	Online marketing Class here: use of social media and online resources to market products, web marketing, SEO techniques, the attention or experience economy, online newsletters, influencers KJE E-commerce: business aspects		1.4
KJSJ	Direct marketing / telemarketing	1.3
KJSM	Market research
KJSP	Public relations
KJSU	Customer services
KJT	Operational research PBW Applied mathematics
KJU	Organizational theory and behaviour Class here: Organizational change management (OCM)		1.3
KJV	Ownership and organization of enterprises
KJVB	Takeovers, mergers and buy-outs
KJVD	Privatization
KJVF	Franchises
KJVG	Multinationals
KJVN	Public ownership / nationalization
KJVP	Monopolies
KJVS	Small businesses and self-employment Class here: creating and running your own business, freelancing, new business enterprises, start-ups		1.4
KJVT	Outsourcing and insourcing Use for: works that look at using external contractors and resources or using an organisation’s own internal resources		1.4
KJVV	Joint ventures Class here: Business partnerships, collaborations		1.4
KJVW	Employee-ownership and co-operatives
KJVX	Non-profitmaking organizations
KJW	Office and workplace
KJWB	Office management
KJWF	Office systems and equipment
KJWS	Secretarial, clerical and office skills
KJWX	Working patterns and practices Class here: teleworking, shift, part-time and full-time working, the ‘gig economy’, flexible or restrictive work practices, etc		1.4
KJZ	History of specific companies / corporate history NHTK Industrialisation and industrial history
KN	Industry and industrial studies Use all KN* codes for: studies of whole sectors or works that look at aspects of these topics from a business or industrial studies perspective		1.3
KNA	Agribusiness and primary industries Use for: general works on these sectors or industries that do not have their own separate codes KCVD Agricultural economics		1.3
KNAC	Agriculture, agribusiness and food production industries Use for: titles about the agriculture and food production sector from a business or industrial studies perspective TV* Agriculture and farming	1.3
KNAF	Fisheries and related industries Class here: whaling industry. Use for: titles about fishing sector from a business or industrial studies perspective TVT Aquaculture and fish-farming: practice and techniques	1.3
KNAL	Forestry industry Use for: titles about the business or industry of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forest and related resources TDPJ Timber and wood processing, TVR Forestry and silviculture: practice and techniques	1.3
KNAT	Extractive industries Class here: mining, drilling, dredging and quarrying. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective RBGL Economic geology, TTU Mining technology and engineering	1.3
KNB	Energy industries and utilities Use for: general works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TH* Energy technology and engineering		1.3
KNBL	Electrical power generation and distribution industries Class here: public and private utility companies, nuclear power industry etc. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective THY* Energy, power generation, distribution and storage	1.3
KNBP	Petroleum, oil and gas industries Class here: fracking. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective RBGL Economic geology, TDCF Fuels and petrochemicals	1.3	1.4
KNBT	Alternative and renewable energy industries Use for: works on the renewable energy industry (hydroelectric, wind, solar, wave etc) from a business, industrial studies perspective THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology	1.3
KNBW	Water industries Class here: public and private utility companies, drinking water and waste water industries. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TQSR Waste treatment and disposal, TQSW Water supply and treatment	1.3
KND	Manufacturing industries Use for: general works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TDP* Other manufacturing technologies		1.3
KNDC	Chemical, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries Class here: petrochemical, plastics industries. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TDC* Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering	1.3
KNDD	Apparel, garment and textile industries Use for: titles about the business or industry of manufacturing clothing, cloth etc, particularly works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TDPF Textiles and fibres, AKT Fashion and textile design	1.3
KNDR	Vehicle and transport manufacturing industries Class here: automotive industry, shipbuilding, aircraft and rail vehicle manufacturing industries. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective. Use with: WG* codes to indicate what type of vehicle or transport as appropriate TR* Transport technology and trades	1.3	1.4
KNG	Transport industries Class here: all transport industries; road, shipping, railway, aerospace, air etc. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective. Use with WG* codes to indicate what type of vehicle as appropriate KNDR Vehicle and transport manufacturing industries, TR* Transport technology and trades, WG* Transport: general interest		1.3
KNJ	Construction and heavy industry Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective		1.3
KNJC	Construction and building industry Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TN* Civil engineering, surveying and building	1.3
KNJH	Iron, steel and other metal industries Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TDPM Metals technology / metallurgy	1.3
KNP	Retail and wholesale industries Class here: Distribution, warehousing business. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective KJMV9 Distribution and logistics management		1.3
KNS	Hospitality and service industries Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective TTVC Hotel, hospitality and catering trades		1.3
KNSB	Food and drink service industries Class here: catering industry TDCT Food and beverage technology, TTVC2 Catering and food preparation skills and trades	1.3
KNSG	Hospitality, sports, leisure and tourism industries Class here: hotel industry, hotel management, theme parks, fitness business. Use for: titles about the business or industry of leisure TTVC Hotel, hospitality and catering trades, WT* Travel and holiday	1.3	1.4
KNSJ	Events management industry Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective	1.3
KNSX	Fashion and beauty industries Class here: make up, perfume industries. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective AKT Fashion and textile design, JBCC3 Cultural studies: fashion and society, KNDD Apparel, garment and textile industries, TTVH Hairdressing, salon and beauty therapy skills, WJF Fashion and style guides	1.3
KNT	Media, entertainment, information and communication industries Class here: postal, telecommunications industries etc. Use for: works that look at these sectors from a business or industrial studies perspective GTC Communication studies, JBCT Media studies		1.3
KNTC	Film, TV and Radio industries Use for: works about the industries, companies and technologies associated with the television, cinema, video, radio, podcast and audio industries, including associated streaming services	1.1	1.4
KNTF	Music industry Class here: recorded and live music sectors, music publishing, streaming services	1.1	1.4
KNTP	Publishing industry and journalism		1.2
KNTP1	Publishing and book trade Class here: print, e-book and digital publishing, journals. Use with: NHTB for the History of books, book publishing etc	1.2	1.4
KNTP2	News media and journalism Class here: print and online news, newspapers and magazines	1.2
KNTR	Printing and reprographic industries Class here: printed packaging and labelling industries	1.4
KNTV	Computer and video game industry Class here: Interactive entertainment industry	1.3
KNTX	Information technology industries Class here: tech sector, tech industry, Silicon Valley KJE E-commerce: business aspects		1.3
KNV	Civil service and public sector JPP Public administration
KNX	Industrial relations, occupational health and safety Class here: trade unions, industrial action, industrial arbitration and negotiation, industrial health and safety etc. Use for: all industrial and commercial workplaces, not specifically manufacturing or heavy industry		1.3
KNXC	Health and safety in the workplace	1.1	1.3
KNXN	Industrial arbitration and negotiation	1.1
KNXU	Trade unions Class here: labour unions, organized labour	1.1	1.3
L	Law Use all L* codes for: academic, professional or specialist titles only. DO NOT USE: code ‘L’ itself, but select specific categories from section L*. The L* section is not meant to reflect any particular legal system and many titles will need at least two codes to create the appropriate category. Use all L* codes with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers to indicate jurisdiction (especially with LN* codes), plus other qualifiers as appropriate. Prefer: VS* codes for more general adult titles		1.4
LA	Jurisprudence and general issues
LAB	Methods, theory and philosophy of law
LAF	Systems of law Use for: works about different legal systems or to indicate a particular type of law is from a particular system. Use all LAF* codes with: other L* codes and PLACE 1* Qualifiers, as appropriate, to indicate the type of legal system and the type of laws and the jurisdiction		1.4
LAFC	Systems of law: common law
LAFD	Systems of law: civil codes / civil law Use for: works about bodies of law or civil law systems that are based on a code of law, legal codes or law codes LAFR Systems of law: Roman law		1.4
LAFF	Systems of law: customary law Use for: works about bodies of law or legal systems wholly or partially based on custom and precedent	1.4
LAFG	Systems of law: mixed systems Use for: works about bodies of law or legal systems that are based on more than one legal system	1.4
LAFR	Systems of law: Roman law
LAFS	Systems of law: Islamic law LW Shariah law
LAFT	Systems of law: Jewish Law
LAFX	Systems of law: ecclesiastical (canon) law
LAM	Comparative law
LAQ	Law and society, sociology of law
LAQG	Law and society, gender issues
LAR	Legal aspects of criminology
LAS	Legal skills and practice
LASD	Legal skills: advocacy
LASH	Legal skills: drafting and legal writing Class here: academic legal writing	1.3
LASK	Legal skills: negotiating and interviewing Class here: legal skills: oral communication	1.3
LASN	Legal skills: research methods Class here: legal skills: using online tools, legal databases etc	1.3
LASP	Legal practice: paralegals and paralegalism
LAT	Legal profession: general LNAL Legal systems: regulation of legal profession
LATC	Legal ethics and professional conduct
LAY	Law as it applies to other professions and disciplines VSD Law, citizenship and rights for the lay person
LAZ	Legal history
LB	International law
LBB	Public international law
LBBC	Public international law: treaties and other sources
LBBC1	Public International law: customary law
LBBD	Public international law: diplomatic law
LBBF	Public international law: jurisdiction and immunities
LBBJ	Public international law: territory and statehood
LBBK	Public international law: law of the sea Class here: law concerning maritime boundaries, marine resources, etc as it affects sovereign states LBDM International law, transport and commerce: maritime law, LNCB5 Shipping law
LBBL	Public International law: health
LBBM	Public international law: economic and trade
LBBM1	Public international law, economic and trade: tariffs
LBBM3	Public international law, economic and trade: investment treaties and disputes
LBBM5	Public international law: energy and natural resources
LBBM7	Public international law, economic and trade: corporations
LBBP	Public international law: environment
LBBP1	Public international law, environment: agricultural law
LBBQ	Public international law: administration
LBBR	Public international law: human rights Class here: substantive rights and inalienable rights in International Law		1.4
LBBR1	Public international law, human rights: labour and social
LBBS	Public international law: humanitarian law Class here: refugee law, law of war
LBBU	Public international law: international organizations and institutions
LBBV	Public international law: responsibility of states and other entities
LBBZ	Public international law: criminal law
LBD	International law: transport, communications and commerce
LBDA	International law, transport: space and aerospace law
LBDK	International law: transnational commerce and international sale of goods law
LBDM	International law, transport and commerce: maritime law Class here: law concerning shipping, cargo, insurance, piracy etc as it affects commercial bodies but not sovereign states LBBK Public international law: law of the sea, LNCB5 Shipping law
LBDT	International law: communications, telecommunications and media
LBG	Private international law and conflict of laws
LBH	International law: international disputes and civil procedure
LBHG	International law: courts and procedures
LBHT	International law: arbitration
LBJ	International law: intellectual property
LBK	International law: sports
LBL	International law reports
LN	Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law Use all LN* codes with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers to indicate jurisdiction, as appropriate
LNA	Legal systems: general
LNAA	Legal systems: courts and procedures
LNAA1	Legal systems: judicial powers
LNAA2	Legal systems: law of contempt
LNAC	Legal systems: civil procedure, litigation and dispute resolution LNFX Criminal procedure
LNAC1	Civil remedies
LNAC12	Restitution
LNAC14	Damages and compensation
LNAC16	Injunctions and other orders
LNAC3	Civil procedure: law of evidence
LNAC4	Civil procedure: investigation and specific proceedings
LNAC5	Arbitration, mediation and alternative dispute resolution Class here: moderation and legal negotiation		1.4
LNAF	Legal systems: costs and funding
LNAL	Legal systems: regulation of legal profession
LNB	Private or civil law: general
LNBA	Legal entity (natural and legal persons)
LNBB	Civil registration system
LNC	Company, commercial and competition law: general
LNCB	Commercial law
LNCB1	Franchising law
LNCB2	E-commerce law
LNCB3	Sale of goods law
LNCB4	Outsourcing law
LNCB5	Shipping law Use for: domestic law governing maritime activities LBBK Public international law: law of the sea, LBDM International law, transport and commerce: maritime law		1.3
LNCB6	Aviation law
LNCB7	Catering and restaurant law Use for: works on laws and regulations covering preparation and cooking of food for consumption and the laws relating to the institutions, businesses or individuals who prepare, sell or serve food to the public, including hygiene, sanitary and safety laws LNTV Food law		1.4
LNCB8	Hospitality, Travel and Tourism law Class here: Holiday law. Use for: works that relate to laws and regulations in the hospitality, travel and tourism industries	1.4
LNCC	Regulatory compliance
LNCD	Company law
LNCD1	Mergers and acquisitions law
LNCE	Registry and proceedings law
LNCF	Partnership and cooperative law
LNCG	Transformation law, change of corporate form
LNCH	Competition law / Antitrust law
LNCJ	Contract law
LNCK	Company and business offences
LNCL	Agency law
LNCN	Procurement law
LNCQ	Construction and engineering law
LNCQ1	Private construction and engineering law
LNCQ2	Public construction law
LNCR	Energy and natural resources law
LND	Constitutional and administrative law: general
LNDA	Citizenship and nationality law
LNDA1	Immigration law
LNDA3	Asylum law
LNDB	Administrative jurisdiction and public administration
LNDB1	Administrative law, general
LNDB2	Administrative procedure and courts
LNDB3	State and public properties and assets
LNDB4	Sanctioning power of the administration
LNDB5	Compulsory expropriation, compulsory purchase, eminent domain
LNDB6	Making of rules and administrative acts
LNDB7	Regulation of public services LNCN Procurement law		1.2
LNDB8	Law of science and research, university college law PDJ Regulation of science and experimentation
LNDC	Law: Human rights and civil liberties Class here: substantive rights as applied to a jurisdiction JPVH Human rights, civil rights		1.4
LNDC1	Constitutional law and human rights
LNDC2	Privacy law
LNDC4	Freedom of expression law
LNDC5	History of constitution and comparative constitutional law
LNDE	Civil and Public Servants law		1.3
LNDF	Freedom of information law
LNDG	Religious law and concordats
LNDH	Government powers
LNDJ	State liability and compensation law
LNDK	Military and defence law and civilian service law
LNDL	Safety and police law, regulatory and weapons law
LNDM	Judicial review
LNDP	Parliamentary and legislative practice
LNDS	Election law
LNDU	Local government law
LNDV	Regional government law
LNDX	Constitution
LNE	Economic administrative law and public commercial law
LNEA	Financial administration and public finance law
LNEB	Foreign economics and customs law
LNEC	Law of allowances and subsidies
LNEF	Public procurement, services and supplies
LNF	Criminal law: procedure and offences
LNFB	Criminal justice law
LNFG	Criminal law: offences against the government
LNFG1	Offences against the State, against public administration and the administration of justice
LNFG2	Offences against land use and city planning, monument, land and environment protection
LNFJ	Criminal law: offences against the person
LNFJ1	Criminal law: Harassment and stalking		1.4
LNFJ2	Criminal law: Gender violence		1.4
LNFL	Criminal law: offences against property
LNFN	Fraud
LNFQ	Juvenile criminal law
LNFR	Offences against public health, safety, order
LNFS	Criminal law: additional penalty law
LNFT	Road traffic law, motoring offences
LNFU	Criminal law: fiscal offences
LNFV	Criminal law: terrorism law
LNFW	Corruption
LNFX	Criminal procedure
LNFX1	Sentencing and punishment
LNFX3	Criminal procedure: law of evidence
LNFX31	Criminal procedure: investigation and specific proceedings
LNFX5	Police law and police procedures
LNFX51	Police law: preliminary injunction
LNFX7	Prison law
LNFY	Jury trials
LNH	Employment and labour law: general
LNHD	Discrimination in employment and harassment law
LNHH	Occupational health and safety law, working time law
LNHJ	Labour rules violations and penalties
LNHR	Industrial relations and trade unions law
LNHU	Employment contracts
LNHW	Law of professional training
LNHX	Employment and labour law: procedure, dispute resolution
LNJ	Entertainment and media law
LNJD	Defamation law, slander and libel
LNJS	Sport and the law
LNJX	Advertising, marketing and sponsorship law
LNK	Environment, transport and planning law: general
LNKF	Agricultural law
LNKG	Animal law
LNKJ	Environment law
LNKK	Disaster control and fire protection law
LNKN	Nature conservation law
LNKP	Water and wastewater law
LNKT	Transport law
LNKV	Ways and highways law
LNKW	Planning law
LNKX	Protection of historic buildings and cultural assets
LNL	Law: equity and trusts, foundations
LNM	Family law
LNMB	Family law: marriage, separation and divorce
LNMC	Family law: cohabitation
LNMF	Family law: same-sex partnership
LNMI	Family law: financial statement between spouses
LNMK	Family law: children
LNP	Financial law: general
LNPA	Accounting and auditing law
LNPB	Banking law
LNPC	Bankruptcy and insolvency Class here: judicial and related approaches to winding up or restructuring companies with financial issues		1.2
LNPC1	Bankruptcy law: extrajudicial procedures Class here: approaches to company financial issues beyond the judicial e.g. voluntary arrangements		1.2
LNPD	Capital markets and securities law and regulation
LNPF	Financial services law and regulation
LNPN	Insurance law
LNPP	Pensions, old-age provisions and private compensation
LNQ	IT and Communications law / Postal laws and regulations LNCB2 E-commerce law
LNQD	Data protection law
LNQE	Computer crime, cybercrime
LNR	Intellectual property law
LNRC	Copyright law
LNRD	Patents law
LNRF	Trademarks law
LNRL	Designs law
LNRV	Confidential information law LNQD Data protection law
LNS	Property law: general LNKW Planning law
LNSH	Land and real estate law
LNSH1	Ownership and mortgage law
LNSH3	Landlord and tenant law
LNSH5	Conveyancing law
LNSH7	Rating and valuation law
LNSH9	Housing law
LNSP	Personal property law
LNT	Social law and Medical law
LNTC	Charity law
LNTD	Education law
LNTH	Social security and welfare law
LNTH1	Social insurance law
LNTJ	Public health and safety law
LNTM	Medical and healthcare law
LNTM1	Mental health law
LNTM2	Regulation of medicines and medical devices
LNTN	Pharmaceutical law
LNTQ	Disability and the law
LNTS	Law and the elderly
LNTU	Consumer protection law
LNTV	Food law Use for: works on laws and regulations covering food standards, including food imports and exports, associated animal welfare regulations, food safety, traceability, on labelling and product withdrawals and recalls, allergy advice etc LNCB7 Catering and restaurant law		1.4
LNTX	Licensing, gaming and club law Use for: works on laws relating to selling of alcohol, gambling etc, including their prohibition, and laws relating to establishments		1.4
LNU	Taxation and duties law
LNUC	Corporate and business tax
LNUD	Local taxation, charges, public sector pricing		1.4
LNUP	Personal tax
LNUS	Sales tax, tariffs and customs duties Class here: laws relating to value added taxes (VAT), systems of general sales taxes		1.4
LNUT	Trusts and estates taxation, gift tax
LNUU	Real estate tax, property valuation
LNUV	Excise taxes and duties Class here: laws relating to charges levied on goods such as alcohol, fuel, tobacco		1.4
LNUW	Other transaction taxes
LNUX	International taxation law
LNUY	Taxation procedure
LNV	Law of torts, damages and compensation LNAC14 Damages and compensation
LNVC	Negligence Use for: both general and professional negligence
LNVF	Nuisance
LNVJ	Personal injury
LNW	Law: wills, probate, succession
LNX	Public Law	1.2
LNZ	Primary sources of law Use with: other L* codes for identifying sources and type of Law		1.4
LNZC	Sources of law: case law, precedent Use for: works about judicial decisions deciding law, ‘judge made law’		1.4
LNZL	Sources of law: legislation Class here: material sources of law from institutions, or social groups, that are authorised to create laws		1.4
LW	Shariah law
LWF	Shariah law: four Schools of Fiqh
LWFA	Shariah law: Al-Shafi’i School of Fiqh
LWFB	Shariah law: Al-Hanbali School of Fiqh
LWFC	Shariah law: Al-Maaliki School of Fiqh
LWFD	Shariah law: Al-Hanafi School of Fiqh
LWK	Shariah law: key topics and practice
LWKF	Shariah law: family relations
LWKG	Shariah law: crime and punishment
LWKH	Shariah law: inheritance and disposal of property
LWKL	Shariah law: economics and finance
LWKM	Shariah law: dietary
LWKN	Shariah law: alcohol and gambling
LWKP	Shariah law: customs and behaviour
LWKR	Shariah law: administration of justice (including penalties and apostasy) Class here: fatwa		1.3
LWKT	Shariah law: Islamic rituals
LWKT1	Shariah law: Islamic rituals: purification
LWKT2	Shariah law: Islamic rituals: jihad
LWKT3	Shariah law: Islamic rituals: prayer and funeral prayer
LWKT4	Shariah law: Islamic rituals: zakat (alms)
LWKT5	Shariah law: Islamic rituals: fasting
LWKT6	Shariah law: Islamic rituals: pilgrimage
LX	Law: study and revision guides
M	Medicine and Nursing Use all M* codes for: academic, technical and specialist healthcare and medical material only. Use with: Qualifiers NOT generally required and NOT usually mixed with other Subject codes. Prefer: V* codes for health topics aimed at a broad general adult audience		1.4
MB	Medicine: general issues
MBD	Medical profession
MBDC	Medical ethics and professional conduct
MBDP	Doctor/patient relationship
MBDS	Patient safety Use for: professional and specialist works concerning procedures, safeguards, standards and training designed to ensure the safety and welfare of patients within healthcare systems MJCJ3 Hospital-acquired infections	1.1
MBF	Medical and health informatics PSAX Computational biology / bioinformatics
MBG	Medical equipment and techniques
MBGL	Medical laboratory testing and techniques
MBGR	Medical research
MBGR1	Clinical trials
MBGT	Telemedicine Class here: telehealth, mHealth, eHealth, video or electronic consultations, teletherapy. Use with: other M* codes to indicate the speciality as appropriate		1.4
MBN	Public health and preventive medicine
MBNC	Medical screening Class here: mass screening, high-risk or selective screening of populations or groups		1.3
MBNH	Personal and public health / health education Class here: specialist and professional works on health education, patient education, training for health education specialists		1.3
MBNH1	Hygiene
MBNH2	Environmental factors Class here: Environmental health, impact of environment on health, etc		1.4
MBNH3	Dietetics and nutrition Use for: medical and academic works on the relationship between diet, health and disease VFM Fitness and diet		1.4
MBNH4	Birth control, contraception, family planning
MBNH9	Health psychology
MBNK	Vaccination	1.3
MBNS	Epidemiology and Medical statistics Class here: works that deal with applications of statistics to medicine and the health sciences or with the study of the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases (both epidemic and disease in general) and other non-disease, health-related conditions		1.4
MBP	Health systems and services
MBPA	Primary care medicine, primary health care
MBPC	General practice / Family medicine Class here: Family practice		1.4
MBPK	Mental health services
MBPM	Medical administration and management
MBPN	Residential care Class here: elder care, convalescent home, hospices, nursing home, skilled nursing facility (SNF), care home, rest home or intermediate care JKSG Care of the elderly, MQCL4 Geriatric nursing, MQCL9 Terminal care nursing	1.2	1.3
MBPR	Medical insurance
MBQ	Medicolegal issues
MBS	Medical sociology
MBX	History of medicine NHTF History: plagues, diseases etc
MF	Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences PSB Biochemistry
MFC	Anatomy
MFCC	Cytology
MFCH	Histology
MFCR	Regional anatomy
MFCX	Dissection
MFG	Physiology
MFGC	Cellular physiology
MFGG	Regional physiology
MFGM	Metabolism
MFGT	Electrophysiology Class here: electroencephalography, electrocardiogram, Electrocorticography, EEG, ECG, Electroneuronography	1.4
MFGV	Biomechanics, human kinetics Class here: exercise physiology SCGF Sport science, physical education
MFK	Human reproduction, growth and development
MFKC	Reproductive medicine
MFKC1	Infertility and fertilization Class here: assisted reproductive technology, IVF		1.3
MFKC3	Embryology
MFKH	Human growth and development
MFKH3	Maturation and ageing
MFN	Medical genetics
MJ	Clinical and internal medicine
MJA	Medical diagnosis
MJAD	Examination of patients
MJC	Diseases and disorders
MJCG	Congenital diseases and disorders
MJCG1	Hereditary diseases and disorders
MJCJ	Infectious and contagious diseases Class here: transmissible / communicable diseases, epidemic diseases, viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, treatments and prevention MKFM Medical microbiology and virology		1.4
MJCJ1	Venereal diseases Class here: Sexually transmitted infections		1.4
MJCJ2	Medicine: HIV/AIDS, retroviral diseases Use for: medical works about human immunodeficiency virus infections and acquired immune deficiency syndrome		1.4
MJCJ3	Hospital-acquired infections Class here: nosocomial (healthcare-acquired) infections, iatrogenic infections MBDS Patient safety		1.4
MJCL	Oncology
MJCL1	Radiotherapy
MJCL2	Chemotherapy
MJCM	Immunology
MJCM1	Medicine: Allergies Class here: Anaphylaxis, hay fever (allergic rhinitis), food allergies. Use for: medical works about allergic diseases		1.4
MJD	Cardiovascular medicine
MJE	Musculoskeletal medicine MNS Surgical orthopaedics and fractures
MJF	Haematology
MJG	Endocrinology
MJGD	Medicine: Diabetes Use for: medical works about Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)		1.4
MJH	Gastroenterology
MJJ	Hepatology
MJK	Dermatology
MJL	Respiratory medicine
MJM	Rheumatology
MJP	Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) Class here: Ear, Nose and Throat, otolaryngology (head and neck surgery), Laryngology, Rhinology, Otology and neurotology. Use with: MN* codes for works about surgical techniques		1.4
MJPD	Audiology and otology
MJQ	Ophthalmology Class here: ophthalmic, ocular or eye surgery. Use with: MN* codes for works about surgical techniques		1.4
MJR	Renal medicine and nephrology
MJRD	Haemodialysis
MJS	Urology and urogenital medicine Class here: male sexual dysfunction
MK	Medical specialties, branches of medicine
MKA	Anaesthetics
MKAL	Pain and pain management
MKB	Palliative medicine
MKC	Gynaecology and obstetrics
MKCM	Materno-foetal medicine / perinatology		1.3
MKD	Paediatric medicine
MKDN	Neonatal medicine
MKE	Dentistry Class here: preventive, therapeutic and cosmetic dentistry, dental hygiene. Use for: works about basic, general and clinical dentistry. Use with: MQC* for dental nursing, MBPM for Dental administration etc		1.4
MKED	Orthodontics Class here: dentofacial orthopaedics, orthodontia	1.4
MKEH	Dentistry specialities Class here: Prosthodontics, Endodontics, Periodontics, Paediatric dentistry, dental anaesthesiology MKED Orthodontics	1.4
MKEP	Oral and maxillofacial surgery
MKF	Pathology
MKFC	Cytopathology
MKFH	Histopathology Class here: biopsy
MKFK	Chronic diseases and conditions Class here: Chronic fatigue syndrome	1.2	1.4
MKFM	Medical microbiology and virology MJCJ Infectious and contagious diseases
MKFP	Medical parasitology
MKFS	Psychosomatics	1.2
MKG	Pharmacology Use for: works on basic, general and clinical pharmacology		1.4
MKGT	Medical toxicology
MKGW	Psychopharmacology
MKH	Regenerative medicine	1.1
MKHC	Regenerative medicine: stem cells	1.1	1.2
MKJ	Neurology and clinical neurophysiology Use for: works on neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, and diseases and disorders of the nervous system		1.4
MKJA	Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome
MKJD	Alzheimer’s and dementia
MKL	Psychiatry
MKLD	Psychiatric and mental disorders	1.3
MKM	Clinical psychology JMP Abnormal psychology
MKMT	Psychotherapy
MKMT1	Psychotherapy: general
MKMT2	Psychotherapy: group
MKMT3	Psychotherapy: child and adolescent
MKMT4	Psychotherapy: couples and families
MKMT5	Psychotherapy: counselling
MKMT6	Cognitive behavioural therapy
MKN	Geriatric medicine
MKP	Accident and emergency medicine
MKPB	Trauma and shock Class here: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)		1.3
MKPD	Burns
MKPL	Intensive care medicine
MKR	Nuclear medicine
MKS	Medical imaging TTBM Imaging systems and technology
MKSF	Medical imaging: ultrasonics		1.3
MKSG	Medical imaging: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR / MRI)		1.3
MKSH	Medical imaging: radiology		1.3
MKSJ	Medical imaging: tomography		1.3
MKT	Forensic medicine
MKV	Environmental medicine
MKVB	Aviation and space medicine
MKVD	Diving and hyperbaric medicine
MKVP	Occupational medicine KNX Industrial relations, occupational health and safety
MKVQ	Travel medicine / emporiatrics	1.3
MKVT	Tropical medicine
MKW	Sports injuries and medicine SCGF Sport science, physical education
MKZ	Therapy and therapeutics MJCL1 Radiotherapy, MJCL2 Chemotherapy, MKMT* Psychotherapy, MQS Physiotherapy, MQT* Occupational therapy
MKZD	Eating disorders and therapy
MKZF	Obesity: treatment and therapy
MKZL	Speech and language disorders and therapy Class here: Speech-Language Pathology, all therapies associated with speech and language		1.4
MKZR	Addiction and therapy
MKZS	Sleep disorders and therapy Class here: Somnipathy and insomnia, sleep apnoea		1.4
MKZV	Gene therapy
MN	Surgery MKEP Oral and maxillofacial surgery
MNB	Surgical techniques
MNC	General surgery
MND	Abdominal surgery
MNG	Gastrointestinal and colorectal surgery
MNH	Cardiothoracic surgery
MNJ	Vascular surgery
MNK	Surgical oncology
MNL	Critical care surgery
MNN	Neurosurgery
MNP	Plastic and reconstructive surgery
MNPC	Cosmetic surgery
MNQ	Transplant surgery
MNS	Surgical orthopaedics and fractures MJE Musculoskeletal medicine
MNZ	Peri-operative care MQCL6 Surgical nursing
MQ	Nursing and ancillary services Use for: works for healthcare professionals, allied professions or ancillary roles that do not have their own code, or for general works		1.4
MQC	Nursing
MQCA	Nursing fundamentals and skills
MQCB	Nursing research and theory
MQCH	Nurse/patient relationship
MQCL	Nursing specialties
MQCL1	Accident and emergency nursing
MQCL2	Intensive care nursing Class here: critical care nursing		1.4
MQCL3	Paediatric nursing Class here: Children’s nursing		1.4
MQCL4	Geriatric nursing Class here: gerontological nursing, nursing and care of elderly		1.4
MQCL5	Psychiatric nursing Class here: Mental health nursing		1.4
MQCL6	Surgical nursing Class here: Perioperative and theatre nursing MNZ Peri-operative care		1.4
MQCL7	Nurse practitioner/ Advanced Practice nursing and equivalents	1.4
MQCL9	Terminal care nursing Class here: Palliative nursing, end of life care		1.4
MQCM	Nursing pharmacology
MQCW	Nursing sociology
MQCX	Community nursing Class here: health visitors, general practice nursing and other nursing specialities outside of a hospital setting		1.4
MQCZ	Nursing management and leadership
MQD	Midwifery
MQDB	Birthing methods
MQF	First aid and paramedical services
MQG	Medical assistants / Physicians’ assistants Class here: clinical assistants, healthcare assistants, physicians’ associates. Use for: qualified healthcare professionals training or trained to assist doctors, physicians and other qualified medical professionals. Use with: other M* codes to indicate a speciality	1.3	1.4
MQH	Radiography
MQK	Chiropody and podiatry
MQP	Pharmacy / dispensing
MQR	Optometry / opticians
MQS	Physiotherapy Class here: physical therapy, exercise prescription		1.4
MQT	Occupational therapy Class here: Recreational Therapy, Horticultural therapy		1.4
MQTC	Creative therapy Class here: art, music, drama therapy		1.4
MQU	Medical counselling
MQV	Rehabilitation
MQVB	Rehabilitation: brain and spinal injuries
MQW	Biomedical engineering
MQWB	Orthotics
MQWP	Prosthetics
MQZ	Mortuary practice
MR	Medical study and revision guides and reference material
MRG	Medical study and revision guides Use with: PLACE 1* or EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers for medical exams as appropriate		1.3
MRGD	Medical revision aids: MRCP
MRGK	Medical revision aids: MRCS
MRGL	Medical revision aids: PLAB
MRT	Medical charts, colour atlases Class here: anatomical charts, atlases and posters		1.4
MX	Complementary medicine Use all MX* codes for: academic, technical or specialist works for medical students and practitioners about alternative or traditional medicine for professionals, works on Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine aimed at professionals, Naturopathic medicine, Phytotherapy, medical acupuncture, moxibustion. Use with: VXH* codes as secondary codes, to give detail of a particular complementary medicine as appropriate VXH* Complementary therapies, healing and health		1.4
MXH	Chiropractic and osteopathy
MZ	Veterinary medicine
MZA	Veterinary medicine: general	1.4
MZAB	Veterinary medicine: research	1.4
MZAD	Veterinary medicine: reference and statistics	1.4
MZB	Pre-clinical veterinary medicine: basic sciences	1.4
MZC	Veterinary medicine: small animals Class here: veterinary medicine of small pets, canine and feline medicine, avian practice MZG Veterinary medicine: exotic and zoo animals		1.4
MZD	Veterinary medicine: large animals Class here: veterinary medicine of domestic / farm animals MZG Veterinary medicine: exotic and zoo animals		1.4
MZDH	Equine veterinary medicine
MZF	Veterinary medicine: laboratory animals
MZG	Veterinary medicine: exotic and zoo animals
MZH	Veterinary anatomy and physiology
MZK	Veterinary pathology and histology
MZL	Veterinary nutrition
MZM	Veterinary medicine: diseases and therapeutics		1.4
MZMP	Veterinary bacteriology, virology, parasitology
MZP	Veterinary pharmacology
MZR	Veterinary radiology
MZS	Veterinary surgery
MZSN	Veterinary anaesthetics
MZT	Veterinary dentistry
MZV	Veterinary nursing
MZX	Complementary medicine for animals
N	History and Archaeology Use all N* codes for: specialist and general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘N’ itself, but select specific categories from section N*. Use all N* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers. A History work will usually need more than one subject category, from either History or non-History subjects to give greater detail, for example categories from Social Sciences (J*) with NHTB		1.4
NH	History Use for: general history of broad topics, places etc. Use all NH* codes with: other subject codes to give more detail and also PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate. Prefer: ‘history of’ categories from within that subject where they exist, e.g. PDX History of science, QRAX history of Religion or KCZ Economic History		1.4
NHA	History: theory and methods
NHAH	Historiography
NHAP	Historical research: source documents Use for: works about the subject, and also the historical documents published in contemporary or modern formats, usually as annotated versions of the original text or modern translations CFL Palaeography		1.4
NHB	General and world history Class here: encyclopaedias, dictionaries or timelines of world history. Use for: works that take a truly global view of history and that do not fit into a more precise history category. For general or global history of specific topics, use with an appropriate subject category. Prefer: ‘history of’ categories from within that subject where they exist		1.4
NHC	Ancient history Use for: works about ancient history according to the concept or notion of ‘ancient history’ as applied to the particular region and subject of the work. Use with: other NH* codes and relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHD	European history Use with: relevant PLACE 1D* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHDA	European history: the Romans Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NHDC	European history: the Celts Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NHDE	European history: the Vikings Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NHDG	European history: the Normans Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NHDJ	European history: medieval period, middle ages Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NHDL	European history: Renaissance Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NHDN	European history: Reformation Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NHF	Asian history Use with: relevant PLACE 1F* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHG	Middle Eastern history Use with: relevant PLACE 1FB* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHH	African history Use with: relevant PLACE 1H* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHHA	African history: pre-colonial period Use with: relevant PLACE 1H* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHK	History of the Americas Use with: relevant PLACE 1K* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHKA	History of the Americas: pre-Columbian period Use with: relevant PLACE 1K* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHM	Australasian and Pacific history Class here: Histories of Oceania, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, etc. Use with: relevant PLACE 1M* or 1QB* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHQ	History of other geographical groupings and regions Class here: Antarctica, the Polar regions, isolated oceanic islands etc. Use for: works about areas not covered by other NH* codes or trans-continental or multi-location histories. Use with: relevant PLACE 1Q* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHT	History: specific events and topics Use all NHT* codes with: regional NH* codes where possible and other subject codes to give more detail and also PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
NHTB	Social and cultural history Use with: other subject codes, especially J* codes, to indicate what branch of, or topic in, social or cultural history the work is about, for example, for labour history use with JHBL, or JBSF1 for women‘s history		1.4
NHTD	Oral history
NHTF	History: plagues, diseases etc Class here: the Black Death, epidemics and pandemics in history MBX History of medicine		1.4
NHTG	Genealogy, heraldry, names and honours GTT Flags, emblems, symbols, logos, VFXB1 Baby names: guides for parents, WQY Family history, tracing ancestors
NHTK	Industrialisation and industrial history Class here: industrial or technological revolutions, impact of industrial or technological changes on society KJZ History of specific companies / corporate history		1.4
NHTM	Maritime history Class here: Nautical histories of seafaring, sailors, piracy, whaling, fishing, navigation, exploration, maritime trade, shipping, sea-related communities, etc. Use for: any historical aspect of human interaction with or activity at sea		1.4
NHTP	Historical geography
NHTP1	Historical maps and atlases Use for: works that present a history of a topic through maps – of any sort, including old maps or purpose drawn – as well as a standard atlas of history RGXB World atlases / world maps, RGV Cartography, map-making and projections		1.4
NHTQ	Colonialism and imperialism Class here: colonisation, studies of colonies or empires NHTR National liberation and independence		1.4
NHTR	National liberation and independence Class here: decolonisation. Use for: works about achieving independence, or histories of newly independent or postcolonial societies		1.4
NHTS	Slavery and abolition of slavery Use for: works about any form or aspect of historical slavery in different societies, cultures or regions		1.4
NHTT	Invasion, conquest and occupation		1.4
NHTV	Revolutions, uprisings, rebellions JPWQ Revolutionary groups and movements
NHTW	Cold wars and proxy conflicts Class here: The Cold War, phoney wars. Use for: works that examine conflicts between nations that do not involve direct military action but are pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates		1.4
NHTX	Violence, intolerance and persecution in history Class here: Purges, pogroms, violent repression, cruelties, atrocities, massacres etc. Use for: works that examine these themes in history, aspects of these topics or specific events in different societies, cultures or regions	1.4
NHTZ	Genocide and ethnic cleansing
NHTZ1	The Holocaust
NHW	Military history Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate JW* Warfare and defence
NHWA	Ancient warfare Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
NHWD	Medieval warfare (predating gunpowder warfare) Use for: works that look at warfare post-antiquity, usually periods of greater use of mounted cavalry, and technologies such as the stirrup, or heavily armoured knights or castles, but prior to modern technologies such as gunpowder warfare. Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.4
NHWF	Early modern warfare (including gunpowder warfare) Use for: works that look at warfare in periods when gunpowder and associated armaments and techniques were developed and used. Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHWL	Modern warfare Use for: works that look at periods of total war, war using industrial techniques, sophisticated technologies, conscript armies etc. Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHWR	Specific wars and campaigns Use for: works that look at particular wars or campaigns (the name of the war is described in other metadata). Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHWR1	Specific battles Use for: works that look at particular battles (the name of the battle is described in other metadata). Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
NHWR3	Civil wars Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
NHWR5	First World War Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
NHWR7	Second World War Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
NHWR9	Military history: post-WW2 conflicts Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
NK	Archaeology
NKA	Archaeological theory
NKD	Archaeology by period / region Use with: relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
NKDS	Archaeological sites Class here: works about specific sites or digs	1.4
NKL	Landscape archaeology
NKP	Environmental archaeology
NKR	Underwater archaeology Class here: maritime or marine archaeology		1.4
NKT	Industrial archaeology
NKV	Battlefield archaeology
NKX	Archaeological science, methodology and techniques
P	Mathematics and Science Use all P* codes for: mostly academic, technical and specialist titles and some general adult works. Qualifiers are mostly not required with P* codes. DO NOT USE: code ‘P’ itself, but select specific categories from section P*. Prefer: WN* codes for general interest adult titles where appropriate		1.4
PB	Mathematics
PBB	Philosophy of mathematics
PBC	Mathematical foundations
PBCD	Mathematical logic
PBCH	Set theory
PBCN	Number systems
PBD	Discrete mathematics Class here: finite mathematics
PBF	Algebra
PBG	Groups and group theory
PBH	Number theory
PBJ	Pre-calculus
PBK	Calculus and mathematical analysis
PBKA	Calculus
PBKB	Real analysis, real variables
PBKD	Complex analysis, complex variables
PBKF	Functional analysis and transforms Class here: Fourier, Hilbert, Laplace, Z transforms
PBKJ	Differential calculus and equations
PBKL	Integral calculus and equations
PBKQ	Calculus of variations
PBKS	Numerical analysis
PBM	Geometry
PBMB	Trigonometry
PBMH	Euclidean geometry
PBML	Non-Euclidean geometry
PBMP	Differential and Riemannian geometry
PBMS	Analytic geometry
PBMW	Algebraic geometry
PBMX	Fractal geometry
PBP	Topology
PBPD	Algebraic topology
PBPH	Analytic topology
PBT	Probability and statistics
PBTB	Bayesian inference
PBU	Optimization
PBUD	Game theory
PBUH	Linear programming
PBV	Combinatorics and graph theory
PBW	Applied mathematics PDE Maths for scientists, TBJ Maths for engineers, UYAM Maths for computer scientists
PBWH	Mathematical modelling
PBWL	Stochastics
PBWR	Nonlinear science
PBWS	Chaos theory
PBWX	Fuzzy set theory
PBX	History of mathematics
PD	Science: general issues Use for: the natural sciences as well as general works on the different branches of science. Use with: other subject codes as appropriate		1.4
PDA	Philosophy of science
PDC	Scientific nomenclature and classification
PDD	Scientific standards, measurement etc
PDE	Maths for scientists PBW Applied mathematics
PDG	Industrial applications of scientific research and technological innovation
PDJ	Regulation of science and experimentation Use for: works on regulation, whether legal or directed by other bodies or authorities, aimed at scientists and practitioners. Use with: other P* code indicating area of science where appropriate LNDB8 Law of science and research, university college law	1.1	1.3
PDK	Science funding and policy
PDM	Scientific research
PDN	Scientific equipment, experiments and techniques
PDR	Impact of science and technology on society Use for: works that look that at impact that any science or technology has had or could have on society. Use with: NHTB for social history or other P* or T* or J* codes as appropriate JBFV5 Ethical issues: scientific, technological and medical developments, UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects		1.4
PDT	Nanosciences Use for: nanomaterials, nanomaterial synthesis, nanoparticle chemistry TBN Nanotechnology	1.1	1.3
PDX	History of science TBX History of engineering and technology
PDZ	Popular science Use with: other P* code indicating area of science given popular treatment WNW* The Earth: natural history: general interest, WNX Popular astronomy and space
PDZM	Popular and recreational mathematics Use with: other PB* codes indicating the area of maths given popular treatment as appropriate	1.3
PG	Astronomy, space and time TTD* Space science
PGC	Theoretical and mathematical astronomy PHVB Astrophysics
PGG	Astronomical observation: observatories, equipment and methods WNX Popular astronomy and space
PGK	Cosmology and the universe
PGM	Galaxies and stars Class here: exoplanets, extrasolar planets		1.4
PGS	Solar system: the Sun and planets Class here: the Moons of the different planets		1.4
PGT	Astronomical charts and atlases
PGZ	Time (chronology), time systems and standards
PH	Physics
PHD	Classical mechanics
PHDB	Elementary mechanics
PHDD	Analytical mechanics
PHDF	Physics: Fluid mechanics		1.3
PHDS	Wave mechanics (vibration and acoustics)
PHDT	Dynamics and statics
PHDV	Gravity
PHDY	Energy
PHF	Materials / States of matter
PHFB	Low temperature physics
PHFC	Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics)
PHFC1	Soft matter physics
PHFC2	Mesoscopic physics
PHFG	Physics of gases
PHFP	Plasma physics
PHH	Thermodynamics and heat
PHJ	Optical physics
PHJL	Laser physics
PHK	Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism
PHM	Atomic and molecular physics Class here: Microphysics		1.4
PHN	Nuclear physics
PHP	Particle and high-energy physics
PHQ	Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
PHR	Relativity physics Class here: physics of time		1.2
PHS	Statistical physics
PHU	Mathematical physics Class here: computational physics		1.4
PHV	Applied physics
PHVB	Astrophysics
PHVD	Medical physics
PHVG	Geophysics RBG* Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere
PHVJ	Atmospheric physics
PHVN	Biophysics
PHVQ	Chemical physics
PHVS	Cryogenics
PN	Chemistry TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering, TQ* Environmental science, engineering and technology
PNB	Medicinal chemistry Class here: drug discovery and design, drug development MKG Pharmacology	1.1
PNC	Environmental chemistry Class here: atmospheric, soil and water chemistry, chemical pollution and remediation. Use TQ* for practical applications of environmental chemistry RBGK Geochemistry, TQ* Environmental science, engineering and technology	1.1
PND	Food chemistry Class here: food science. Prefer: TDCT2 for more practical applications TDCT2 Food and beverage processing and engineering	1.1	1.4
PNF	Analytical chemistry
PNFC	Chromatography
PNFR	Magnetic resonance
PNFS	Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry
PNK	Inorganic chemistry
PNN	Organic chemistry
PNND	Organometallic chemistry
PNNP	Polymer chemistry
PNR	Physical chemistry
PNRA	Computational chemistry	1.1
PNRC	Colloid chemistry
PNRD	Catalysis
PNRD1	Bio-catalysis	1.1
PNRE	Experimental chemistry	1.2
PNRH	Electrochemistry and magnetochemistry Class here: battery chemistry		1.2
PNRL	Nuclear chemistry, photochemistry and radiation
PNRP	Quantum and theoretical chemistry
PNRR	Physical organic chemistry	1.1
PNRS	Solid state chemistry
PNRW	Thermochemistry and chemical thermodynamics
PNRX	Surface chemistry and adsorption
PNT	Crystallography
PNV	Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems		1.2
PS	Biology, life sciences Use all PS* codes for: academic, specialist and professional level works. Prefer: WN* codes for natural history etc for the general reader WN* Nature and the natural world: general interest
PSA	Life sciences: general issues
PSAB	Taxonomy and systematics
PSAD	Bioethics Use for: issues surrounding the ethics of practices typically connected to new developments in biology and medicine JBFV Ethical issues and debates, MBDC Medical ethics and professional conduct		1.2
PSAF	Ecological science, the Biosphere Use for: comprehensive scientific, objective and descriptive works on living organisms and their relationship with their environment RNC Applied ecology
PSAG	Xenobiotics
PSAJ	Evolution
PSAK	Genetics (non-medical) Class here: DNA, Genome etc MFN Medical genetics, TCBG Genetic engineering
PSAN	Neurosciences Prefer: MKMT6 “Cognitive behavioural therapy” for therapeutic aspects of neuroscience GTK Cognitive studies, MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology, MKMT6 Cognitive behavioural therapy		1.1
PSAN1	Cellular and molecular neuroscience	1.1
PSAN2	Developmental neuroscience	1.1
PSAN3	Neuroimaging and neuroanatomy	1.1
PSAN4	Sensory and motor systems	1.1
PSAN5	Cognitive and behavioural neuroscience	1.1
PSAX	Computational biology / bioinformatics MBF Medical and health informatics
PSB	Biochemistry Class here: biochemical immunology, non-medical toxicology, enzymology, lipids etc
PSC	Developmental biology
PSD	Molecular biology
PSE	Chemical biology Class here: synthetic biology	1.1
PSF	Cellular biology (cytology)
PSG	Microbiology (non-medical) Class here: protozoa, non-medical bacteriology, parasitology, virology etc
PSGN	Protozoa
PSP	Hydrobiology RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere
PSPA	Phycology (algae and seaweed)	1.2
PSPF	Freshwater biology RBKF Limnology (inland waters)
PSPM	Marine biology RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
PSQ	Mycology, fungi Class here: lichen		1.3
PST	Botany and plant sciences
PSTB	Plant biology	1.1
PSTH	Flowering plants (angiosperms)	1.3
PSTJ	Conifers and gymnosperms Class here: cycads, Ginkgo and gnetophytes	1.3
PSTM	Ferns, mosses and liverworts Class here: clubmosses, hornworts	1.3
PSV	Zoology and animal sciences WNC Wildlife: general interest
PSVA	Zoology: invertebrates Class here: annelids (worms), Myriapoda, echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins), jellyfish WNCN Wildlife: butterflies, other insects and spiders: general interest		1.3
PSVA2	Insects (entomology) Class here: caterpillars, butterflies and moths	1.3
PSVA4	Crustaceans (carcinology) Class here: crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, barnacles etc	1.3
PSVA6	Molluscs (malacology) Class here: cephalopod, octopus, squid, gastropods, snails, slugs, bivalves, clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops etc	1.3
PSVA8	Arachnids (arachnology) Class here: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites etc	1.3
PSVC	Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest
PSVF	Zoology: amphibians and reptiles (herpetology) WNCK Wildlife: reptiles and amphibians: general interest
PSVJ	Zoology: birds (ornithology) WNCB Wildlife: birds and birdwatching: general interest
PSVM	Zoology: mammals (mammalogy) WNCF Wildlife: mammals: general interest		1.3
PSVM1	Zoology: marsupials and monotremes
PSVM2	Zoology: marine and freshwater mammals Class here: Cetacea and Sirenia – whales, dolphins, sea cows, etc. Use for: aquatic and semiaquatic mammals PSVM Zoology: mammals (mammalogy), WNCS Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest		1.3
PSVM3	Zoology: primates (primatology) Class here: lemurs, monkeys, apes
PSVP	Ethology and animal behaviour	1.3
PSX	Human biology
PSXE	Evolutionary anthropology Class here: early man, palaeoanthropology, Hominidae, human forebears and archaic humans		1.3
Q	Philosophy and Religion Use all Q* codes for: academic, specialist and general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘Q’ itself, but select specific categories from section Q*. QRA* and QRV* codes should be used with other QR* codes to denote which particular religion VX* Mind, body, spirit		1.4
QD	Philosophy
QDH	Philosophical traditions and schools of thought Class here: History of Philosophy. Use all QDH* codes with: other Q* codes, relevant PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
QDHA	Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy Class here: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras, Pre-Socratic and Hellenistic philosophy, Stoicism, Sophism, Cynicism, Epicureanism etc and associated schools of thought		1.4
QDHC	East Asian and Indian philosophy QRRL1 Confucianism, QRRL5 Taoism
QDHC2	Yoga (as a philosophy) VFMG1 Yoga for exercise	1.3
QDHF	Medieval Western philosophy Class here: Scholastic philosophy, Medieval scholasticism, Aquinas etc		1.4
QDHH	Humanist philosophy Class here: Renaissance humanism, Erasmus QRYA Humanist and secular alternatives to religion	1.2	1.3
QDHK	Islamic and Arab philosophy QRP* Islam
QDHL	Jewish philosophy Class here: Maimonides	1.4
QDHM	Western philosophy: Enlightenment Class here: Empiricism, Rationalism, Descartes to Kant
QDHP	African philosophy Class here: Africana philosophy and critical theory	1.4
QDHR	Western philosophy from c 1800 Class here: Post-Kantian philosophy, Continental philosophy, Critical theory. Use for: works about either Modern (c 17th to early 20th century) or Contemporary (20th and 21st century) philosophy from the ‘Western’ tradition		1.4
QDHR1	Idealism
QDHR3	Pragmatism
QDHR5	Phenomenology and Existentialism
QDHR7	Structuralism and Post-structuralism
QDHR9	Analytical philosophy and Logical Positivism
QDT	Topics in philosophy CFA Philosophy of language, JNA Philosophy and theory of education, KCA Economic theory and philosophy, PBB Philosophy of mathematics, PDA Philosophy of science
QDTJ	Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology QRAB Philosophy of religion
QDTK	Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
QDTL	Philosophy: logic
QDTM	Philosophy of mind JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints, GTK Cognitive studies
QDTN	Philosophy: aesthetics ABA Theory of art
QDTQ	Ethics and moral philosophy JBFV Ethical issues and debates, KJG Business ethics and social responsibility, LATC Legal ethics and professional conduct, MBDC Medical ethics and professional conduct, PSAD Bioethics
QDTS	Social and political philosophy JPA Political science and theory, JPF Political ideologies and movements, LAB Methods, theory and philosophy of law
QDX	Popular philosophy Use for: accessible works for the general reader seeking to apply principles of philosophy to everyday life JBFV Ethical issues and debates, VSP Popular psychology
QR	Religion and beliefs
QRA	Religion: general Class here: Religious Studies. Use all QRA* codes with: other QR* code indicating religion concerned		1.4
QRAB	Philosophy of religion
QRAB1	Nature and existence of God
QRAC	Comparative religion
QRAF	Interfaith relations
QRAM	Religious issues and debates Use all QRAM* codes with: other QR* code indicating religion concerned, or with QRAC if comparative
QRAM1	Religious ethics
QRAM2	Religion and politics
QRAM3	Religion and science
QRAM6	Religious fundamentalism
QRAM7	Blasphemy, heresy, apostasy
QRAM9	Religious intolerance, persecution and conflict Use for: works about discrimination, intolerance, violence or persecution of, or within, a religion, by others with different beliefs. Use with: JBFA for issues of discrimination in societies based on religious identity		1.4
QRAX	History of religion
QRD	Hinduism
QRDB	Hinduism: branches and groups
QRDF	Hindu sacred texts and revered writings Use all QRDF* codes with: QRVC for critiques or examination of sacred texts		1.4
QRDF1	Hindu texts: Vedas, Upanishads
QRDF2	Hindu texts: Bhagavad Gita
QRDP	Hindu life and practice
QRF	Buddhism
QRFB	Buddhism: branches and groups
QRFB1	Theravada Buddhism
QRFB2	Mahayana Buddhism
QRFB21	Tibetan Buddhism
QRFB23	Zen Buddhism
QRFF	Buddhist sacred texts and revered writings Use all QRFF* codes with: QRVC for critiques or examination of sacred texts		1.4
QRFP	Buddhist life and practice
QRJ	Judaism
QRJB	Judaism: branches and groups
QRJB1	Orthodox Judaism Class here: Haredi Judaism, Modern Orthodox Judaism, Hasidic Judaism		1.4
QRJB2	Masorti Judaism Class here: Conservative Judaism	1.4
QRJB3	Liberal and Reform Judaism
QRJF	Judaism: sacred texts and revered writings Use all QRJF* codes with: QRVC for midrash, critiques or examination of sacred texts		1.4
QRJF1	Jewish texts: Tanakh, Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim Class here: Hebrew Bible, Five Books of Moses, Mikra		1.4
QRJF5	Rabbinic literature Class here: Mishnah, the Talmud		1.4
QRJP	Judaism: life and practice
QRM	Christianity
QRMB	Christian Churches, denominations, groups
QRMB1	Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholic Church
QRMB2	Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches Class here: Greek, Russian, Coptic, Syrian Churches, etc
QRMB3	Protestantism and Protestant Churches
QRMB31	Anglican and Episcopalian Churches Class here: Church of England, etc
QRMB32	Baptist Churches
QRMB33	Calvinist, Reformed and Presbyterian Churches Class here: United Reformed, Church of Scotland, Huguenots, etc
QRMB34	Lutheran Churches
QRMB35	Methodist Churches
QRMB36	Pentecostal Churches
QRMB37	Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)
QRMB39	Other Nonconformist and Evangelical Churches
QRMB5	Denominations of American origin Class here: Adventists, Mormons (Latter Day Saints), Jehovah’s Witnesses, Christian Science, etc
QRMB8	Christian and quasi-Christian cults and sects
QRMB9	Ecumenism
QRMF	Christianity: sacred texts and revered writings Use for: canonical and non-canonical writings. Use all QRMF* codes with: QRVC for critiques, exegesis or examinations of texts. Prefer: the relevant QRMF code for versions of the texts themselves		1.4
QRMF1	Bibles Class here: Any version of the Bible itself. Use with: QRVC for critiques or examination of the Bible, Biblical Studies, Biblical Concordances and Commentaries		1.4
QRMF12	Old Testaments Class here: The Psalms, Septuagint, Pentateuch. Use with: QRVC for critiques or examination of books of the Old Testament		1.4
QRMF13	New Testaments Class here: Gospels, Epistles. Use with: QRVC for critiques or examination of some or all of the books the New Testament		1.4
QRMF14	Biblical Apocrypha and Intertestamental class here: Biblical Pseudepigrapha	1.4
QRMF19	Bible readings, selections and meditations
QRMF3	Writings of the Early Church Fathers Class here: Patristics or patrology. Use for: the works of early Christian Writers and with QRVC for critiques of the texts or on its own when just the text	1.4
QRMP	Christian life and practice
QRMP1	Christian sacraments
QRP	Islam
QRPB	Islam: branches and groups
QRPB1	Islamic groups: Sunni, Alsalaf
QRPB2	Islamic groups: Khawarij, Kharijite
QRPB3	Islamic groups: Shi’ah, Shi’ite
QRPB4	Islamic groups: Sufis
QRPF	Islamic sacred texts and revered writings Use all QRPF* codes with: QRVC for tafsir, critiques or examinations of sacred texts		1.4
QRPF1	The Koran (Qur’an)
QRPF2	Hadith	1.4
QRPP	Islamic life and practice
QRR	Other religions and spiritual beliefs Use for: works about living religions and their beliefs, mythologies, practices, stories, rituals, etc. Use with: other Q* codes and PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
QRRB	Baha’i
QRRC	Jainism
QRRD	Sikhism
QRRF	Zoroastrianism
QRRL	East Asian religions
QRRL1	Confucianism
QRRL3	Shintoism
QRRL5	Taoism
QRRL6	Chinese folk religion Class here: Chinese Mythology and Chinese folk belief	1.3	1.4
QRRM	Afro-American religions Class here: Candomblé, Umbanda, Quimbanda, Voodoo, Voudou, Spiritual Baptist, Espiritismo, Hoodoo, Rastafari. Use for: Variations of African Religions in the Americas or African diasporic religions	1.3
QRRN	Traditional African religions and spiritual beliefs Use for: works on the living and traditional belief systems of African peoples including their mythologies, pantheons, gods and spirits, creation or origin myths, stories, legends, practices, rituals, traditional healers, etc. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers to indicate a particular tradition	1.3	1.4
QRRT	Other indigenous, ethnic and folk religions and spiritual beliefs Use for: works, when there is no more specific code, on religions and spiritual beliefs, including their mythologies, pantheons, gods and spirits, creation or origin myths, stories, legends, practices, rituals etc. Use with: PLACE 1* or LANGUAGE 2* or 5P* INTEREST Qualifiers to indicate a particular tradition		1.4
QRRT1	Pre-Columbian religions and mythologies Class here: Aztec, Mayan, Olmec, Inca religions and myths. Use for: works about spiritual beliefs, including mythology, religion, ceremonial practices, rituals and observances that have existed or were present in the Americas prior to contact with Europeans	1.4
QRRV	Animism and Shamanism Class here: natural religion, nature worship, Fetishism, totemism. Use for: studies of these spiritual beliefs, associated rituals, practices, stories, mythologies etc. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers to indicate a particular tradition. Prefer: VXWS for more popular approaches	1.4
QRS	Ancient religions and Mythologies Class here: Paganism, Comparative mythology, general studies of Mythology, studies of particular regional mythologies with no specific category. Use all QRS* codes for: works that study or examine these spiritual beliefs, their mythologies, pantheons, gods and spirits, creation or origin myths, stories, legends, practices, rituals etc. Use all QRS* codes with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers, especially 1QB* codes for historic entities, to indicate a particular tradition, other QR* codes for studies of mythologies associated with other living religions. Use with: FN* codes if these are retellings in modern form of a traditional story from these religions FN Traditional stories, myths and fairy tales, JBGB Folklore, myths and legends		1.4
QRSA	Ancient Egyptian religion and mythology
QRSG	Ancient Greek religion and mythology DBSG Ancient Greek and Roman literature
QRSL	Roman religion and mythology DBSG Ancient Greek and Roman literature
QRST	Celtic religion and mythology Use for: works about Celtic mythologies and beliefs. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers to indicate a particular tradition		1.4
QRSV	Slavic religion and mythology Use for: works about pre-Christian Slavic mythologies and spiritual beliefs	1.4
QRSW	Norse religion and mythology Use for: works about pre-Christian Nordic and Germanic (including Anglo-Saxon and Viking) mythologies and beliefs DBSN Icelandic and Old Norse sagas		1.4
QRV	Aspects of religion Use all QRV* codes with: other QR* code indicating religion concerned. Prefer: religion-specific codes where available, e.g. for Buddhist sacred texts, use QRFF, not QRF with QRVA		1.1
QRVA	Sacred texts, scriptures and revered writings Use for: all (QRVA* codes) works about the texts as well as copies of the texts themselves. For studies, analysis, histories etc, use with an appropriate code such as QRVC		1.4
QRVA2	Readings, selections and meditations from sacred texts Use for: general collections or with other QR* codes for selections from specific texts QRMF19 Bible readings, selections and meditations	1.4
QRVC	Criticism and exegesis of sacred texts Class here: concordances, commentaries. Use for: Studies of scriptures or religious texts. Use with: other QR* code indicating religion or text concerned, e.g. QRMF1 for studies and exegesis of the Bible, or QRPF1 for studies of the Koran (Qur’an)		1.4
QRVD	Religious doctrines Use for: codification of beliefs or bodies of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a belief system	1.4
QRVG	Theology
QRVH	Sermons Class here: preaching. Use for: collections and analysis of sermons, for preaching techniques etc DNS Speeches		1.4
QRVJ	Prayers and liturgical material
QRVJ1	Worship, rites, ceremonies and rituals Class here: Hymnals, Psalters. Use for: works about ceremonial practices, rituals or observances, or works containing words, music and actions used in religious ceremonies		1.4
QRVJ2	Prayer and prayer books Use for: collections of prayers as well as how to pray or aspects of prayer		1.4
QRVJ3	Devotional material Use for: works that address ideas, themes, stories, and questions found in sacred texts and that is religious writing which is neither doctrinal nor theological, but designed for individuals to read for their personal edification and spiritual formation		1.4
QRVK	Spirituality and religious experience Class here: Spiritual awakening, development and personal religious growth		1.4
QRVK2	Mysticism
QRVK4	Miracles, apparitions and religious phenomena	1.3
QRVP	Religious life and practice Class here: Faith, belief. Use for: general works, works that deal with belief as part of everyday life, living by the tenets of a belief or faith system on a day to day basis		1.4
QRVP1	Pilgrimage Class here: Pilgrims	1.3	1.4
QRVP2	Religious Festivals Use with: other QR* codes to denote religion and 5HP* values from INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.3
QRVP3	Religious instruction
QRVP4	Fasting and abstinence	1.3
QRVP5	Religious counselling
QRVP7	Religious aspects of sexuality, gender and relationships Use for: works about religious teaching on, or attitudes towards, sex and relationships including marriage, family life, gender roles, etc		1.4
QRVS	Religious institutions and organizations
QRVS1	Religious and spiritual figures Class here: religious leaders and influential or inspirational figures such as saints, gurus, mystics, prophets, theologians etc		1.1
QRVS2	Religious social and pastoral thought and activity
QRVS3	Religious ministry and clergy Class here: ministers, clerics, priests, pastors, bishops, popes, rabbis, hazzans, imams, muftis, mullahs etc. Use for: works about aspects of the work of people who have specific roles in a religion		1.4
QRVS4	Religious mission and Religious Conversion Class here: missionaries, evangelism. Use for: works on or about the concept of mission, or works about religious conversion in any form		1.4
QRVS5	Religious communities and monasticism
QRVX	Personal religious testimony and popular inspirational works
QRY	Alternative belief systems
QRYA	Humanist and secular alternatives to religion Class here: Humanism, secularism QDHH Humanist philosophy		1.4
QRYA5	Agnosticism and atheism
QRYC	Eclectic and esoteric religions and belief systems
QRYC1	Gnosticism
QRYC5	Theosophy and Anthroposophy
QRYM	Contemporary non-Christian and para-Christian cults and sects Class here: Scientology, apocalyptic cults, etc
QRYM2	Spiritualism
QRYX	Occult studies Use for: serious and academic works only VXW* Mysticism, magic and occult interests
QRYX2	Magic, alchemy and hermetic thought
QRYX5	Witchcraft Use for: studies of both contemporary and historical witchcraft, the associated practices, those who practised it, societal attitudes towards witches and witchcraft, etc. Use with: PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate, as well as other subject codes to indicate context, for example NHTX for the persecution of witches. Prefer: VXWT for more popular approaches VXWT Witchcraft and wicca		1.4
QRYX9	Satanism and demonology
R	Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning Use all R* codes for: academic, technical, specialist and general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘R’ itself, but select specific categories from section R*. Use all R* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular PLACE 1* Qualifiers		1.4
RB	Earth sciences Use all RB* codes for: academic, specialist and professional level works. Prefer: WN* codes for the general reader RGB* Physical geography and topography, WN* Nature and the natural world: general interest		1.3
RBC	Volcanology and seismology Use for: works about earthquakes, volcanoes, etc from an earth sciences perspective		1.4
RBG	Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere PHVG Geophysics, RGB Physical geography and topography		1.2
RBGB	Sedimentology and pedology PNC Environmental chemistry, TNCC Soil and rock mechanics, TVBP Soil science and management		1.2
RBGD	Geomorphology and geological surface processes Class here: erosion, deposition, glaciology, fluvial and aeolian processes etc RGB Physical geography and topography		1.2
RBGF	Historical geology and palaeogeology Class here: plate tectonics, continental drift, past supercontinents, such as Pangaea, Gondwana, Laurasia, the geological history of the Earth, etc		1.4
RBGG	Petrology, petrography and mineralogy		1.2
RBGH	Stratigraphy
RBGK	Geochemistry PNC Environmental chemistry, PNV Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems
RBGL	Economic geology Class here: petroleum and mining geology
RBK	Hydrology and the hydrosphere PSP Hydrobiology
RBKC	Oceanography (seas and oceans) PSPM Marine biology		1.3
RBKF	Limnology (inland waters) Class here: rivers, lakes (including saline lakes), etc PSPF Freshwater biology		1.2
RBP	Meteorology and climatology Use for: general works on atmospheric phenomenon WNWM Weather and climate: general interest, RNPG Climate change		1.4
RBPC	Climatology and climate modelling Class here: palaeoclimatology, climate forecasting, climate science	1.4
RBPM	Meteorology Class here: meteorological phenomena, short term weather systems, nephology (study of clouds)	1.4
RBX	Palaeontology
RG	Geography Use all RG* codes with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate
RGB	Physical geography and topography RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere		1.3
RGBA	Arid zones, deserts
RGBC	Plains and grasslands
RGBC1	Prairies
RGBC2	Savanna
RGBD	Tundra
RGBF	Wetlands, swamps, fens
RGBG	Rivers and lakes	1.3
RGBL	Forests and woodland
RGBL1	Rainforest
RGBL2	Mixed forest
RGBL3	Broadleaf forest
RGBL4	Boreal, coniferous forest Class here: Taiga
RGBP	Coastlines Class here: deltas, estuaries, fjords, beaches, spits, shorelines, cliffs, coastal erosion, etc RBK* Hydrology and the hydrosphere		1.4
RGBR	Coral reefs
RGBS	Mountains
RGBU	Glaciers and ice caps	1.3
RGC	Human geography
RGCD	Development and environmental geography	1.2
RGCG	Population and migration geography Class here: population growth and movement	1.2
RGCM	Economic geography
RGCP	Political geography JPSL Geopolitics
RGCS	Social geography Class here: Cultural Geography	1.2	1.4
RGCT	Tourism geography	1.2
RGCU	Settlement, urban and rural geography	1.2
RGL	Regional geography GTM Regional / International studies
RGM	Biogeography PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere, RN* The environment
RGR	Geographical discovery and exploration WTLP Expeditions: popular accounts
RGV	Cartography, map-making and projections Use for: books about maps and mapping but not the maps themselves		1.4
RGW	Geographical information systems and remote sensing Class here: geomatics, quantitative and qualitative methods, geostatistics, spatial analysis, GPS		1.2
RGX	Geographical reference works
RGXB	World atlases / world maps Class here: globes and small scale global or continental maps NHTP1 Historical maps and atlases, WTR* Travel maps and atlases		1.4
RGXH	Geographical maps (specialist) Use for: specialist / topographical and other large scale maps only. Use with: another code indicating specific subject or application where appropriate WTR* Travel maps and atlases		1.4
RGXM	Naval and marine charts Class here: Maritime charts, nautical charts, navigational charts. Use for: detailed charts of inland waterways, coastal waters and maritime shipping routes WTR* Travel maps and atlases	1.2	1.4
RGXP	Place names and gazetteers
RN	The environment Class here: Environmental science TQ* Environmental science, engineering and technology		1.4
RNA	Environmentalist thought and ideology Class here: ecocentrism, technocentrism, deep ecology, ecofeminism, etc JPFA Green politics / ecopolitics / environmentalism
RNB	Environmentalist, conservationist and Green organizations JPFA Green politics / ecopolitics / environmentalism
RNC	Applied ecology Use for: works taking a wide-ranging or ‘issues’-based approach PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
RNCB	Biodiversity
RND	Environmental policy and protocols Use with: JPQB or JPRB codes as appropriate KCVG Environmental economics		1.4
RNF	Environmental management Use with: code from RBK* or RGB* to indicate specific environment or habitat		1.2
RNFD	Drought and water supply TQSW Water supply and treatment
RNFF	Food security and supply
RNFY	Energy resources
RNH	Waste management Class here: recycling, biodegradability TQSR Waste treatment and disposal
RNK	Conservation of the environment
RNKH	Conservation of wildlife and habitats Class here: rewilding, conservation biology		1.4
RNKH1	Endangered species and extinction of species
RNP	Pollution and threats to the environment Class here: plastic waste, air pollution, water pollution, over-consumption TQK Pollution control		1.4
RNPD	Deforestation
RNPG	Climate change Class here: global warming, ‘greenhouse effect’, ozone depletion, the climate emergency. Use for: works that examine climate change, its effects and possible actions to limit or mitigate the consequences		1.4
RNQ	Nuclear issues
RNR	Natural disasters Class here: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, mudslides, hurricanes and cyclones, tornados, tsunamis, droughts, wildfires, etc JBFF Social impact of disasters		1.4
RNT	Social impact of environmental issues
RNU	Sustainability TBR Intermediate technology, THV Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology, VSZ Self-sufficiency and ‘green’ lifestyle
RP	Regional and area planning Class here: Planning policy. Use all RP* codes with: JPQB or JPRB codes or other J* codes as appropriate, for example, JKSL for works about planning for people with specific needs, etc		1.4
RPC	Urban and municipal planning and policy Class here: smart cities, urban and suburban infrastructure, use of public space, zoning, street furniture etc. Use for: works on city, town and suburban planning and policies, universal design, accessibility and accessible environments, sustainable or eco-cities, housing policies, etc AMVD City and town planning: architectural aspects		1.4
RPG	Rural planning and policy Use for: works on policies and planning in rural areas, including rural infrastructure, land use, access and equality with urban areas, countryside management		1.4
RPT	Transport planning and policy Use for: works on transport policies and planning, including the provision of public transport, integrated transport networks, transport infrastructure, accessibility and affordability of transport, etc		1.4
S	Sports and Active outdoor recreation Use all S* codes for: general adult and specialist titles. Use all S* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular PLACE 1* Qualifiers, for example with WT* for adventure holidays, or VFM for a sport as part of a fitness regime		1.4
SC	Sport: general
SCB	Sporting events and management Use all SCB* codes with: other code denoting specific sport as appropriate
SCBB	Olympic and Paralympic games
SCBC	World Cups and World championships Use with: other S* codes to indicate which type of sport this applies to	1.4
SCBG	Sports governing bodies
SCBM	Sports management and facilities
SCBT	Sports teams and clubs
SCBV	Sporting venues
SCG	Sports training and coaching
SCGF	Sport science, physical education MFGV Biomechanics, human kinetics
SCGP	Sports psychology
SCK	Drug abuse in sport
SCL	Parasport		1.3
SCX	History of sport
SF	Ball sports / ball games Class here: Basque Pelota, jai alai, croquet. Use for: ball games that do not have their own code as well as general works		1.4
SFB	Football variants and related games
SFBC	Association football (Soccer)		1.2
SFBD	American football
SFBF	Australian Rules football
SFBH	Canadian football		1.2
SFBK	Gaelic football
SFBT	Rugby Union
SFBV	Rugby League
SFC	Baseball Class here: softball		1.2
SFD	Cricket
SFH	Golf
SFJ	Field hockey STK Ice hockey		1.2
SFK	Lacrosse
SFL	Hurling Class here: camogie		1.3
SFM	Basketball
SFN	Netball
SFP	Volleyball
SFQ	Handball	1.1
SFT	Racket games
SFTA	Tennis
SFTB	Badminton
SFTC	Squash and rackets (racquets)		1.2
SFTD	Table tennis
SFV	Bowls, bowling, petanque
SFX	Snooker, billiards, pool
SH	Athletics, gymnastics and related sports
SHB	Track and field sports, athletics
SHBF	Marathon and cross-country running
SHBM	Multidiscipline sports Class here: triathlon, pentathlon, heptathlon, etc
SHG	Gymnastics
SHP	Weightlifting Class here: powerlifting VFMG Exercise and workouts		1.3
SK	Equestrian and animal sports Class here: rodeo, polo ATXZ1 Bullfighting, SVH Hunting or shooting animals and game		1.3
SKG	Horse racing
SKL	Riding, showjumping and horsemanship Class here: eventing, dressage etc WNGH Horses and ponies: general interest
SKR	Dog racing STLN Sled dog racing
SM	Vehicle sports
SMC	Air sports and recreations Class here: ballooning, paragliding, skydiving, gliding, etc
SMF	Motor sports Class here: karting, go-karts, truck racing, any motorised sports not listed below		1.3
SMFA	Car racing Class here: Formula 1, Grand Prix, Indianapolis 500, 24 Hours at Le Mans		1.3
SMFC	Motor rallying / rally driving
SMFF	Stock car and hot rod racing Class here: NASCAR, Daytona 500, drag racing etc		1.3
SMFK	Motorcycle racing Class here: road and track motorcycle racing; TT, Speedway etc
SMQ	Cycle racing Class here: road and velodrome (track) cycling racing; Tour de France etc SZD Cycling: general and touring, WGD Bicycles and non-motorised transport: general interest and maintenance
SMQB	BMX cycling
SMX	Rollerblading, skateboarding, etc
SP	Water sports and recreations Class here: water aerobics, aqua fitness, water polo		1.3
SPC	Swimming and diving		1.2
SPCA	Underwater (sub-aqua) swimming Class here: freediving		1.3
SPCA1	Scuba diving	1.2
SPCA2	Snorkelling	1.2
SPCD	Diving Class here: platform and springboard diving etc	1.2
SPCS	Swimming Class here: open water, pool swimming and wild swimming	1.2	1.3
SPG	Surfing, windsurfing, water skiing
SPN	Boating: Sport and leisure		1.3
SPND	Motor / power boating and cruising Class here: speedboat racing
SPNG	Sailing / yachting Class here: learning to sail, knots, splices and rope work for sailors, certification etc		1.3
SPNK	Canoeing and kayaking Class here: rafting		1.3
SPNL	Rowing and sculling
SR	Combat sports and self-defence
SRB	Boxing
SRC	Wrestling
SRF	Fencing
SRM	Martial arts Class here: Krav Maga etc. Use for: general works or for martial arts that do not have their own code		1.3
SRMA	Aikido	1.2
SRMC	Capoeira	1.3
SRMJ	Judo	1.2
SRMK	Ju-jitsu	1.2
SRML	Karate	1.2
SRMM	Kendo	1.2
SRMN	Chinese martial arts / Kung-Fu Class here: wushu	1.2	1.3
SRMN1	Tai Chi Use with: VFMG for titles specifically about fitness aspects, or VXH for health aspects	1.3
SRMN2	Qigong Use with: VFMG for titles specifically about fitness aspects, or VXH for health aspects	1.3
SRMS	Sumo	1.2
SRMT	Taekwondo	1.3
SRMV	Mixed martial arts	1.3
ST	Winter sports
STA	Skiing
STAA	Alpine skiing Class here: downhill skiing	1.2
STAB	Biathlon	1.2
STAN	Nordic skiing Class here: Nordic combined	1.2
STAN1	Cross-country skiing	1.2
STAN2	Ski jumping	1.2
STC	Snowboarding
STG	Ice-skating
STH	Speed skating	1.2
STJ	Figure skating	1.2
STK	Ice hockey SFJ Field hockey
STL	Sledding Class here: luge, skeleton and bobsledding	1.3
STLN	Sled dog racing SKR Dog racing	1.3
STP	Curling	1.3
SV	Field sports: fishing, hunting, shooting
SVB	Falconry and hawking Class here: trained birds of prey	1.4
SVF	Fishing, angling Class here: coarse fishing KNA Agribusiness and primary industries		1.3
SVFF	Fly fishing	1.3
SVFS	Sea fishing Class here: big game fishing	1.3
SVH	Hunting or shooting animals and game
SVHH	Professional qualifications for hunting / shooting Use for: works for licences, exams, certificates, vocational courses linked to hunting or shooting	1.3
SVR	Archery
SVS	Small firearms, guns and other equipment
SVT	Target shooting
SX	Other sports and competitive activities
SXB	Bodybuilding
SXD	Darts	1.3
SXE	eSports / Professional video gaming Use for: competitions, usually professional, using video games	1.3
SXQ	Extreme sports Class here: bungee jumping, etc
SZ	Active outdoor pursuits Class here: canyoning, free running and parkour, obstacle courses, outdoor games and activities. Use all SZ* codes for: indoor analogues or training for outdoor activities. Use all SZ* codes with: WTH* codes for guidebooks, VFM* for fitness aspects		1.4
SZC	Walking, hiking, trekking Class here: Hillwalking, backpacking, Nordic walking, fell walking, rambling, scrambling. Use for: any works about walking including walking for recreation, for fitness or as a specialised outdoor activity. Use with: WTH* codes for guidebooks for walkers or walking routes		1.4
SZD	Cycling: general and touring Use with: WTH* codes for guidebooks for cyclists or cycling routes SMQ Cycle racing, WGD Bicycles and non-motorised transport: general interest and maintenance		1.4
SZE	Running and jogging Class here: Trail and Mountain running, running for fitness. Use with: WTH* codes for guidebooks for runners SHBF Marathon and cross-country running		1.4
SZG	Climbing and mountaineering Class here: Indoor wall, Via ferrata, bouldering, free, rock, rope, solo and ice climbing, abseiling, belaying. Use with: WTH* codes for guidebooks for climbers or climbing routes		1.4
SZK	Orienteering
SZN	Caving and potholing Class here: Spelunking and speleology		1.4
SZR	Camping Class here: all forms of camping, survival camping, glamping, backpacking		1.3
SZV	Outdoor survival skills Class here: bushcraft, woodcraft (skills for living in the open air, close to nature), navigation skills		1.3
T	Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes Class here: associated skills, trades and professions. Use all T* codes for: academic, technical, specialist and general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘T’ itself, but select specific categories from section T*. Use all T* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* qualifiers for vocational, professional or apprenticeship style education titles		1.4
TB	Technology: general issues
TBC	Engineering: general
TBD	Technical design AKP Product design, UGC Computer-aided design (CAD)
TBDG	Ergonomics
TBG	Engineering graphics and draughting / technical drawing Use for: computer aided draughting. Use with: other codes such as architecture, design or engineering as appropriate		1.3
TBJ	Maths for engineers PBW Applied mathematics
TBM	Instruments and instrumentation TGH Precision engineering and manufacturing		1.4
TBMM	Engineering measurement and calibration
TBN	Nanotechnology PDT Nanosciences
TBR	Intermediate technology
TBX	History of engineering and technology PDX History of science
TBY	Inventions and inventors
TC	Biochemical engineering
TCB	Biotechnology Class here: Biological engineering, bio-engineering, Biomanufacturing		1.4
TCBG	Genetic engineering Class here: cloning; stem cell technology PSAD Bioethics, PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
TCBS	Biosensors TJS Sensors
TD	Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies
TDC	Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering Class here: technology of detergents, rubber; biocides etc		1.1
TDCA	Agrichemicals	1.1
TDCF	Fuels and petrochemicals KNBP Petroleum, oil and gas industries	1.1
TDCJ	Dyestuffs, pigments and paint technology Class here: cosmetics technology, colour chemistry	1.1	1.4
TDCP	Plastics and polymers Use for: all aspects of the professional manufacturing of plastics TGMP Engineering applications of polymers and composites	1.1	1.3
TDCQ	Ceramic and glass technology	1.1
TDCT	Food and beverage technology Class here: food sciences, technology linked to brewing and distilling KNSB Food and drink service industries, PND Food chemistry, TTVC Hotel, hospitality and catering trades, WBXD Food and drink: alcoholic beverages, WBXD1 Wines		1.4
TDCT1	Food and beverage safety Class here: food quality, impact of food regulation and policy RNFF Food security and supply, LNCB7 Catering and restaurant law, LNTV Food law	1.1
TDCT2	Food and beverage processing and engineering Class here: food processing by ingredient	1.1
TDCW	Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology	1.1
TDCX	Process engineering technology and techniques Class here: reaction engineering	1.1
TDP	Other manufacturing technologies Use for: manufacturing processes or technologies that do not have their own code		1.3
TDPF	Textiles and fibres Class here: fibre processing, spinning and weaving, leatherworking. Use for: technical and vocational works aimed at professionals or students in textile manufacture and related sectors, including both man-made and natural materials AKT Fashion and textile design, KNDD Apparel, garment and textile industries	1.1	1.4
TDPF1	Apparel and fashion: technology and techniques Class here: patternmaking, tailoring, shoemaking, millinery, bagmaking. Use for: technical and vocational works aimed at professionals or students in the garment, fashion or related sectors including accessories	1.4
TDPJ	Timber and wood processing Use for: all aspects of the professional processing of wood and wood products KNAL Forestry industry, TVR Forestry and silviculture: practice and techniques	1.3
TDPJ1	Paper and pulp manufacture and processing	1.3
TDPM	Metals technology / metallurgy
TDPP	Printing and reprographic technologies TDPT 3D Printing	1.3
TDPT	3D Printing TDPP Printing and reprographic technologies	1.3
TG	Mechanical engineering and materials
TGB	Mechanical engineering
TGBF	Tribology (friction and lubrication)
TGBN	Engines and power transmission
TGH	Precision engineering and manufacturing Use for: works on the design, engineering and manufacture of scientific, technical, medical, chemical and optical devices, precision tools and equipment TBM Instruments and instrumentation	1.4
TGM	Materials science
TGMB	Engineering thermodynamics
TGMD	Engineering: Mechanics of solids Class here: dynamics, vibration, stress, fracture etc		1.3
TGMF	Engineering: Mechanics of fluids Class here: flow, turbulence, rheology etc. Use for: the application of fluid dynamics in technology PHDF Physics: Fluid mechanics		1.3
TGMF1	Aerodynamics	1.3
TGMF2	Hydraulics / Pneumatics	1.3
TGML	Engineering applications of bio-materials	1.1
TGMM	Engineering applications of electronic, magnetic, optical materials	1.1
TGMP	Engineering applications of polymers and composites TDCP Plastics and polymers	1.1
TGMS	Engineering applications of surface coatings and films	1.1
TGMT	Testing of materials Use for: destructive and non-destructive testing
TGP	Production and industrial engineering		1.3
TGPC	Computer aided manufacture (CAM)
TGPQ	Industrial quality control
TGPR	Reliability engineering
TGX	Engineering skills and trades Class here: tool-making, welding, machinist, metalwork skills and trades etc		1.3
TH	Energy technology and engineering
THF	Fossil fuel technologies
THFG	Gas technology
THFP	Petroleum technology
THFS	Solid fuel technology
THK	Nuclear power and engineering
THN	Heat transfer processes Class here: refrigeration, industrial air conditioning, heat pumps TNKH Heating, lighting, ventilation		1.3
THR	Electrical engineering
THRM	Electric motors
THRX	Electrician skills and trades
THV	Alternative and renewable energy sources and technology Class here: tidal and wave energy, osmotic power, marine current power RNU Sustainability		1.4
THVB	Biofuels Class here: energy from biomass, biogas	1.1	1.4
THVG	Geothermal energy and power Class here: ground source heat pump technology	1.4
THVH	Hydropower / waterpower Class here: hydroelectricity and hydropower, dams, watermills, waterwheels	1.4
THVS	Solar power Class here: solar energy, solar panels, photovoltaic panels	1.1	1.4
THVW	Wind power Class here: windmills, wind farms, wind turbines	1.1	1.4
THY	Energy, power generation, distribution and storage Class here: power networks and plants; power utilization and applications; energy conversion and storage including fuel cells and battery technology		1.2
THYC	Energy efficiency
TJ	Electronics and communications engineering
TJF	Electronics engineering
TJFC	Electronics: circuits and components
TJFD	Electronic devices and materials Class here: microprocessors, chips, transistors, semi-conductors, super-conductors etc
TJFM	Automatic control engineering
TJFM1	Robotics
TJFN	Microwave technology
TJK	Communications engineering / telecommunications
TJKD	Radar technology
TJKH	Signal processing Class here: analogue, continuous time, discrete time, nonlinear and statistical signal processing UYS Digital signal processing (DSP)	1.4
TJKR	Radio technology
TJKS	Satellite communication technology
TJKT	Telephone technology
TJKT1	Mobile phone technology
TJKV	Television technology
TJKW	WAP (wireless) technology
TJS	Sensors TCBS Biosensors	1.1
TN	Civil engineering, surveying and building
TNC	Structural engineering
TNCB	Surveying, quantity surveying
TNCC	Soil and rock mechanics RBGB Sedimentology and pedology
TNCE	Earthquake engineering
TNCJ	Bridges
TNF	Hydraulic engineering Class here: engineering of dams, reservoirs, harbours etc; also land reclamation and drainage
TNFL	Flood control
TNH	Highway and traffic engineering
TNK	Building construction and materials Class here: construction and building standards, building regulations and codes, general works for construction professionals		1.3
TNKA	Accessibility in buildings and building design Class here: barrier free, step free or accessible design and construction, universal design for buildings RPC Urban and municipal planning and policy	1.2	1.4
TNKE	Building physics and energy-efficient construction	1.2
TNKF	Fire protection and safety
TNKH	Heating, lighting, ventilation THN Heat transfer processes
TNKP	Construction planning	1.2
TNKR	Building redevelopment	1.2
TNKS	Security and fire alarm systems
TNKX	Conservation of buildings and building materials
TNT	Building skills and trades Class here: bricklaying, plastering, masonry, glazing, carpentry, joinery, plumbing, roofing, construction and contracting skills		1.4
TQ	Environmental science, engineering and technology Use all TQ* codes for: technical and practical aspects of environment, pollution, waste disposal, etc. Prefer: PNC for study and research RN* The environment		1.1
TQD	Environmental monitoring
TQK	Pollution control RNP Pollution and threats to the environment
TQS	Sanitary and municipal engineering
TQSR	Waste treatment and disposal Class here: sewage and hazardous waste disposal RNH Waste management
TQSW	Water supply and treatment Class here: water purification and desalination RNFD Drought and water supply
TR	Transport technology and trades KNG Transport industries, RPT Transport planning and policy, WG* Transport: general interest
TRC	Automotive technology and trades
TRCS	Automotive (motor mechanic) skills WGCV Vehicle maintenance and manuals
TRCT	Road transport and haulage trades
TRF	Railway technology, engineering and trades
TRFT	Railway trades
TRL	Shipbuilding technology, engineering and trades
TRLD	Ship design and naval architecture
TRLN	Navigation and seamanship
TRLT	Maritime and nautical trades
TRP	Aerospace and aviation technology Class here: unmanned aerial vehicles and drone technology, aeronautical and aerospace engineering, aircraft avionics		1.4
TRPS	Aviation skills and piloting Class here: learning to fly, practical manuals, pilot’s licence		1.3
TRT	Intelligent and automated transport system technology
TT	Other technologies and applied sciences
TTA	Acoustic and sound engineering
TTB	Applied optics
TTBF	Fibre optics
TTBL	Laser technology and holography
TTBM	Imaging systems and technology MKS* Medical imaging
TTBS	Scanning systems and technology
TTD	Space science WNX Popular astronomy and space
TTDS	Astronautics Class here: technical aspects of space exploration e.g. spacecraft design and technology		1.2
TTDX	Space exploration Class here: manned and unmanned space missions and programs, Apollo, Vostok, Sputnik, Voyager etc WNX Popular astronomy and space	1.2
TTM	Military engineering
TTMW	Ordnance, weapons technology
TTP	Explosives technology and pyrotechnics
TTS	Marine engineering Class here: offshore engineering, sonar etc
TTU	Mining technology and engineering
TTV	Other vocational technologies and trades
TTVC	Hotel, hospitality and catering trades		1.3
TTVC2	Catering and food preparation skills and trades Use for: any work aimed at professionals in the food and drinks industries	1.3
TTVH	Hairdressing, salon and beauty therapy skills		1.3
TTVR	Traditional trades, crafts and skills Class here: blacksmithing, thatching, dry stone walling, carpentry and cabinetry, musical instrument making etc. Use for: technical, vocational or professional works that cover these pre-industrial, low technology, artisanal, often rural, crafts. Prefer: WF* for more amateur approaches WFV Rural crafts		1.4
TTVS	Security, safety and protection skills / professions Use for: professional / vocational works for security and safety professionals, personal protection and related skills	1.3
TTVT	Caretakers, janitors, housekeepers, cleaners and related skills Use for: vocational works for professionals looking after buildings, domestic workers, caretaking, custodian skills	1.3	1.4
TTW	Assistive technology Class here: Adaptive technology, use of technology to assist and enable people with disabilities or impairments to live independent lives	1.2	1.4
TTX	Taxidermy
TV	Agriculture and farming KCVD Agricultural economics, KNA Agribusiness and primary industries
TVB	Agricultural science
TVBP	Soil science and management	1.2
TVD	Agricultural engineering and machinery WGCT Tractors and farm vehicles: general interest
TVDR	Irrigation
TVF	Sustainable agriculture
TVG	Organic farming
TVH	Animal husbandry Class here: animal care, livestock farming and management WNF Farm and working animals: general interest		1.4
TVHB	Animal breeding
TVHE	Equine Management Class here: horse breeding, equine sciences SK* Equestrian and animal sports	1.4
TVHF	Dairy farming
TVHH	Apiculture (beekeeping)
TVHP	Poultry farming
TVK	Agronomy and crop production
TVM	Smallholdings
TVP	Pest control Class here: agricultural use of pesticides and herbicides
TVQ	Tropical agriculture: practice and techniques
TVR	Forestry and silviculture: practice and techniques Class here: Arboriculture, tree-planting, tree surgery. Use for: practical or vocational titles about the creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forest and related resources KNAL Forestry industry, TDPJ Timber and wood processing		1.4
TVS	Commercial horticulture Class here: market gardening; flower production WM* Gardening
TVSH	Hydroponics / hydroculture	1.3
TVSW	Viticulture
TVT	Aquaculture and fish-farming: practice and techniques
TVU	Urban farming / urban agriculture Use with: TVH (Animal husbandry) or other TV* codes as appropriate	1.3
U	Computing and Information Technology Use all U* codes for: academic, technical, specialist and some general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘U’ itself, but select specific categories from section U*. Use all U* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* qualifiers for vocational educational titles		1.4
UB	Information technology: general topics		1.3
UBB	History of Computing, digital and information technologies	1.4
UBH	Digital and information technologies: Health and safety aspects		1.4
UBJ	Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects Class here: Digital divide, Industry 4.0, Internet of things, smart cities, social technology, smart homes, intelligent environments, etc. Use for: works that look at issues or impacts on society, linked to the uses or changes to society associated with computer, digital or information technologies, the internet JBFV5 Ethical issues: scientific, technological and medical developments, PDR Impact of science and technology on society		1.4
UBL	Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects Class here: legal aspects of open source, copyleft licensing, spamming, net neutrality, internet censorship, all legal aspects of the digital dissemination of information and software. Use for: works that discuss various legal aspects of IT LNQ IT and Communications law / Postal laws and regulations		1.4
UBM	Maker and hacker culture Use for: general works on technology-led subcultures	1.3
UBW	Internet: general works
UD	Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides Use for: general works, usually aimed at a basic, introductory, non-specialist level or guides to help users make informed choices about digital technologies ATN Internet and digital media: arts and performance		1.4
UDA	Personal organization software and apps
UDB	Internet guides and online services ATN Internet and digital media: arts and performance		1.2
UDBA	Online shopping and auctions
UDBD	Internet searching
UDBG	Internet gambling
UDBM	Online finance and investing
UDBR	Internet browsers
UDBS	Social media / social networking		1.3
UDBV	Virtual worlds
UDD	Online safety and behaviour	1.3
UDF	Email: consumer / user guides
UDH	E-book readers, tablets and other portable devices: consumer / user guides
UDM	Digital music and audio: consumer / user guides ATN Internet and digital media: arts and performance		1.2
UDP	Digital photography: consumer / user guides Use for: all consumer/user guides to digital photography. Use with: AJT for general and artistic aspects or UGP for technical works on editing and software such as Photoshop AJT Photographic equipment and techniques: general, UGP Photo and image editing	1.4
UDQ	Digital video: consumer / user guides
UDT	Mobile phones and smartphones: consumer / user guides
UDV	Digital TV and media centres: consumer / user guides
UDX	Computer games / online games: strategy guides
UDY	Smart home technology and virtual assistants: consumer / guides Use for: general practical works, usually aimed at a basic, non-specialist, level or guides to help users make informed choices about smart technologies or the internet of things	1.3	1.4
UF	Business applications
UFB	Integrated software packages Class here: Microsoft Office, Microsoft Works, Lotus SmartSuite, OpenOffice etc
UFC	Spreadsheet software Class here: Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, etc
UFD	Word processing software
UFG	Presentation graphics software
UFK	Accounting software
UFL	Enterprise software Class here: content management system (CMS), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise resource planning (ERP)		1.3
UFLS	SAP (Systems, applications and products in databases)
UFM	Mathematical and statistical software
UFP	Project management software
UFS	Collaboration and group software
UG	Graphical and digital media applications
UGA	Accessibility in web and digital design Class here: accessibility in digital products, accessible digital publishing, Electronic accessibility	1.4
UGB	Web graphics and design
UGC	Computer-aided design (CAD)
UGD	Desktop publishing
UGG	Computer games design Use for: logical and narrative aspects of games design AKLF Computer game art		1.3
UGK	3D graphics and modelling
UGL	Illustration and drawing software
UGM	Digital music: professional
UGN	Digital animation
UGP	Photo and image editing
UGV	Digital video: professional
UK	Computer hardware
UKC	Supercomputers
UKD	Mainframes and minicomputers
UKF	Servers
UKG	Grid and parallel computing
UKL	Interrelated smart technologies Use for: technical or professional works about smart home technologies, interconnected smart devices, internet of things, systems of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines or objects	1.4
UKM	Embedded systems
UKN	Network hardware
UKP	Personal computers
UKPC	PCs (IBM-compatible personal computers)
UKPM	Macintosh
UKR	Maintenance and repairs
UKS	Storage media and peripherals
UKX	Utilities and tools
UL	Operating systems
ULD	Microsoft (Windows) operating systems
ULH	Apple operating systems Class here: mac OS, use with ULP to indicate iOS ULP Mobile and other handheld operating systems		1.3
ULJ	Open source and other operating systems
ULJL	Linux	1.2
ULP	Mobile and other handheld operating systems Class here: Android, iOS, Blackberry, Tizen. Use for: mobile OS for phones, tablets and smart watches ULD Microsoft (Windows) operating systems, ULH Apple operating systems		1.3
ULQ	IBM mainframe operating systems
ULR	Real time operating systems
UM	Computer programming / software engineering
UMA	Programming techniques
UMB	Algorithms and data structures
UMC	Compilers and interpreters
UMF	Agile programming
UMG	Aspect programming / AOP
UMH	Extreme programming
UMJ	Functional programming
UMK	Games development and programming
UMKB	2D graphics: games programming
UMKC	3D graphics: games programming
UMKL	Level design: games programming
UML	Graphics programming
UMN	Object-oriented programming (OOP)
UMP	Microsoft programming
UMPN	.NET programming
UMPW	Windows programming
UMQ	Macintosh programming
UMR	Network programming
UMS	Mobile and handheld device programming / Apps programming
UMT	Database programming
UMW	Web programming
UMWS	Web services
UMX	Programming and scripting languages: general
UMZ	Software Engineering
UMZL	Unified Modelling Language (UML)
UMZT	Software testing and verification
UMZW	Object oriented software engineering
UN	Databases
UNA	Database design and theory
UNAN	NoSQL databases Class here: Non-relational databases	1.3
UNAR	Relational databases
UNC	Data capture and analysis Class here: infographics, data visualisation, big data, data sets, data analytics, data science GPH Data science and analysis: general		1.4
UND	Data warehousing
UNF	Data mining
UNH	Information retrieval
UNJ	Object-oriented databases
UNK	Distributed databases
UNKD	Distributed ledgers Class here: blockchain, cryptocurrencies	1.3
UNKP	Peer-to-peer networks Class here: BitTorrent, Freenet	1.3
UNN	Databases and the Web
UNS	Database software Class here: Oracle, Access, SQL etc
UP	Practical applications of information technology Class here: maker guides, home automation etc	1.3
UQ	Computer certification
UQF	Computer certification: Microsoft
UQJ	Computer certification: Cisco
UQL	Computer certification: ECDL
UQR	Computer certification: CompTIA
UQT	Computer certification: CLAiT
UR	Computer security
URD	Privacy and data protection
URH	Computer fraud and hacking
URJ	Computer viruses, Trojans and worms
URQ	Firewalls
URS	Spam
URW	Spyware
URY	Data encryption GPJ Coding theory and cryptology
UT	Computer networking and communications
UTC	Cloud computing
UTD	Client–Server networking
UTE	System administration
UTF	Network management
UTFB	Computer systems back-up and data recovery
UTG	Grid computing
UTM	Electronic mail (email): professional
UTN	Network security
UTP	Networking standards and protocols
UTR	Distributed systems
UTS	Networking packages
UTV	Virtualization
UTW	WAP networking and applications
UTX	EDI (electronic data interchange)
UX	Applied computing Class here: Digital research and techniques, application of artificial intelligence, ‘big data’ analysis or computational tools and methods to traditional disciplines and across society PSAX Computational biology / bioinformatics, MBF Medical and health informatics		1.4
UXA	Computer applications in the arts and humanities
UXJ	Computer applications in the social and behavioural sciences GTK Cognitive studies
UXT	Computer applications in industry and technology	1.1
UY	Computer science
UYA	Mathematical theory of computation
UYAM	Maths for computer scientists
UYD	Systems analysis and design
UYF	Computer architecture and logic design
UYFL	Assembly languages
UYFP	Parallel processing
UYM	Computer modelling and simulation
UYQ	Artificial intelligence GTK Cognitive studies
UYQE	Expert systems / knowledge-based systems
UYQL	Natural language and machine translation
UYQM	Machine learning Class here: deep learning		1.3
UYQN	Neural networks and fuzzy systems
UYQP	Pattern recognition
UYQS	Speech recognition
UYQV	Computer vision
UYS	Digital signal processing (DSP)		1.4
UYT	Image processing
UYU	Audio processing
UYV	Virtual reality
UYW	Augmented reality (AR)	1.3
UYX	Quantum computing and information Class here: Quantum information science	1.4
UYZ	Human–computer interaction
UYZF	Information visualization
UYZG	User interface design and usability
UYZM	Information architecture
V	Health, Relationships and Personal development Use all V* codes for: general adult titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘V’ itself, but select specific categories from section V*. Use all V* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular INTEREST 5* Qualifiers. Prefer: codes from C*, J*, K*, L*, M*, Q*, R* for specialist works		1.4
VF	Family and health Use all VF* codes for: popular accounts for general readership. Prefer: codes from Sections J, M etc, as appropriate, for specialist and academic works
VFB	Personal safety
VFD	Popular medicine and health Use for: popular health approaches to the human body or specific parts of the body		1.4
VFDF	First aid for the home
VFDJ	Children’s health
VFDM	Men’s health Class here: andropause, prostate issues, etc		1.3
VFDW	Women’s health
VFDW2	Menopause	1.3
VFG	Home nursing and caring Use for: popular works that give practical advice on caring and looking after people at home MQC* Nursing		1.4
VFJ	Coping with personal, social and health topics Use for: general works meant for a non-professional audience, or works that explore or explain how to deal or cope with these topics or give practical advice. Use with: other codes as appropriate, for example F* codes for novels that use these topics as themes or 5L* codes when the topic covers a particular age group		1.4
VFJB	Coping with illness and specific health conditions Use with: M* code for specific condition where available / appropriate		1.3
VFJB1	Coping with allergies, including food allergies
VFJB2	Coping with back problems	1.2
VFJB3	Coping with cancer	1.3
VFJB4	Coping with heart conditions	1.3
VFJB5	Coping with diabetes	1.3
VFJB6	Coping with Alzheimer’s and dementia	1.3
VFJB7	Coping with headaches and migraines	1.4
VFJB9	Coping with chronic or long-term illness or conditions Use for: works giving advice about living with or coping with or caring of people with chronic or long-term conditions	1.4
VFJD	Coping with physical impairments / disability Use for: practical advice for people with disabilities, a person who is living with a particular physical or sensory impairment. Use with: 5PM* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
VFJG	Coping with ageing Use for: practical advice for growing older, dealing with topics or issues linked to ageing. Use with: 5LK* codes as appropriate		1.4
VFJH	Coping with body image issues Class here: body positivity, body negativity, body shaming, muscle dysmorphia etc	1.4
VFJJ	Coping with eating disorders Class here: anorexia, bulimia		1.3
VFJK	Coping with drug and alcohol problems Class here: substance abuse		1.3
VFJL	Coping with addiction Use for: addictions not covered by other codes	1.3
VFJM	Coping with abuse
VFJN	Coping with bullying, coercion and harassment Use for: works that give advice on dealing with social media trolling, cyberbullying, intimidation, mobbing, workplace harassment, coercion, stalking and threatening or controlling behaviour	1.4
VFJP	Coping with anxiety and phobias Class here: panic attacks, OCD		1.3
VFJQ	Coping with mental health issues Use for: general mental health and other issues not covered elsewhere	1.3
VFJQ1	Coping with depression and other mood disorders	1.3
VFJQ2	Coping with self-harm	1.4
VFJR	Coping with neurodevelopmental issues	1.3
VFJR1	Coping with autism / Asperger’s Class here: autism spectrum disorders	1.3
VFJR2	Coping with ADHD Class here: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	1.3
VFJR3	Coping with dyslexia and learning difficulties Class here: dyscalculia, dysgraphia	1.3
VFJR4	Coping with communication difficulties Class here: stuttering, speech disorders	1.3
VFJS	Coping with stress Class here: coping with a crisis		1.4
VFJT	Coping with loneliness / solitude	1.3
VFJV	Coping with sleep problems Class here: how to sleep well	1.3
VFJX	Coping with death and bereavement Class here: funerals, memorials, grief and loss JHBZ Sociology: death and dying		1.3
VFJX1	Coping with suicide	1.2
VFL	Giving up smoking
VFM	Fitness and diet
VFMD	Diets and dieting, nutrition Use for: general works about good nutrition, food and health guides, as well as works on specific diets for health or weight loss. Use with: WB* codes for diets linked to particular foods, e.g. WBJK for a plant based (vegan) diet WBH Health and wholefood cookery		1.4
VFMG	Exercise and workouts Class here: Pilates, aerobics, stretching, Zumba, spinning, circuit training, cross-training, keep fit, CrossFit, cardio, etc. Use with: S* codes if fitness regime or workout linked to a particular sport		1.4
VFMG1	Yoga for exercise QDHC2 Yoga (as a philosophy)		1.3
VFMG2	Weight training Class here: strength training SHP Weightlifting	1.3
VFMS	Massage VXHJ Reflexology
VFV	Relationships and families: advice and issues Use for: works giving advice about topics and issues for different types of relationships within families or social groups, not covered by more specific codes JBFW Sex and sexuality, social aspects, JHBK Sociology: family and relationships, WQY Family history, tracing ancestors		1.4
VFVC	Sex and sexuality: advice and issues Class here: sex manuals JBFW Sex and sexuality, social aspects, JMU Psychology: sexual behaviour
VFVG	Dating, relationships, living together and marriage: advice and issues Use for: works on advice or practical guides to different types or aspects of intimate relationships, such as, love, romance, fidelity, monogamous relationships, living apart together, adultery, infidelity, moving in together, jealousy, routine, polyamory, non-monogamy, casual dating WJW Weddings, wedding planners		1.4
VFVJ	Involuntary childlessness: advice and issues Class here: infertility		1.3
VFVK	Adoption and fostering: advice and issues
VFVM	Solo lifestyles: advice and issues Class here: advice on living without a partner, self-partnering, singleton life	1.2	1.4
VFVN	Relationships: friends / peer groups Class here: advice on making friends, friendships, relationships within peer groups, social networks, social groups, etc	1.4
VFVS	Separation and divorce: advice and issues
VFVX	Intergenerational relationships: advice and issues Class here: parent–child, grandparent–grandchild relationships, generation gaps, intergenerational friendships, generational misunderstandings or clashes, etc		1.4
VFX	Parenting: advice and issues Class here: advice for mothers or fathers, grandparenting advice, advice on discipline, etc		1.4
VFXB	Pregnancy, birth and baby care: advice and issues
VFXB1	Baby names: guides for parents
VFXC	Child care and upbringing: advice for parents Use with: 5L* values from INTEREST 5* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
VFXC1	Teenagers: advice for parents
VS	Self-help, personal development and practical advice Use all VS* codes for: popular accounts for general readership. Prefer: codes from Sections C*, J*, K*, L*, Q*, R* etc, as appropriate, for specialist and academic works		1.3
VSA	Practical advice: Life hacks / handy tips Use for: collections of useful and practical tips, often across different subjects, about making life a bit easier. Use with: other subject codes as appropriate	1.4
VSB	Personal finance Class here: managing your money, income, household budget		1.3
VSC	Advice on careers and achieving success Class here: presentation skills. Use for: practical advice for improving work-related skills and competencies, being successful professionally, advancing your career, navigating the workplace. Use with: 4CP* codes for preparation for professional tests, or exams, and with other subject codes for sector-specific advice		1.4
VSCB	Job hunting / changing careers Class here: CVs, resumes, cover letters, interview techniques, employment rights, dealing with job loss, job applications, passing recruitment tests. Use for: general works about the techniques of looking for and getting a job	1.3	1.4
VSD	Law, citizenship and rights for the lay person
VSF	Roadcraft and driving Class here: learning to drive, study aids for driving tests, getting a driver’s licence, advanced driving. Use with: WGC* codes to indicate what type of vehicle, as appropriate		1.3
VSG	Consumer advice WJS Shopping guides
VSH	Housing and property for the individual: buying/selling and legal aspects WK* Home and house maintenance
VSK	Advice on education JN* Education
VSKB	Student life Class here: practical guides to going away to study, life on campus, surviving as a student	1.3
VSL	Adult literacy guides and handbooks CFC Literacy
VSN	Adult numeracy guides and handbooks
VSP	Popular psychology QDX Popular philosophy
VSPD	Mindfulness Class here: therapy based upon meditation and related approaches	1.2
VSPM	Assertiveness, motivation, self-esteem and positive mental attitude		1.3
VSPP	Personality traits Class here: personality tests, extroverts, introverts, empaths, highly sensitive persons, highly gifted persons etc. Use for: works aimed at a general audience that explore different personality traits and types JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality	1.4
VSPT	Memory improvement and thinking techniques Class here: IQ tests etc for self-testing, mind-mapping, reasoning techniques		1.4
VSPX	Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP)
VSR	Retirement KFFP Pensions
VSS	Soft skills and dealing with other people Class here: advice on dealing with social situations, life skills, organising your life	1.2	1.4
VSW	Living and working in other countries: practical advice
VSY	Survivalism / Preparing for emergencies Class here: disaster manuals, preppers’ guides. Use for: practical guides for preparing for possible disruptions, disasters (natural and man-made), emergencies or crises	1.4
VSZ	Self-sufficiency and ‘green’ lifestyle Class here: Ethical, low carbon, plastic-free, low-impact lifestyles, simple living. Use for: practical advice, tips or suggestions for living a sustainable lifestyle RNU Sustainability		1.4
VX	Mind, body, spirit Use all VX* codes for: Mind Body Spirit treatments for general readers only. Prefer: codes from Sections J*, M*, Q* etc, as appropriate for specialist and academic works
VXA	Mind, body, spirit: thought and practice
VXF	Fortune-telling and divination
VXFA	Astrology
VXFA1	Star signs and horoscopes
VXFC	Fortune-telling by cards (cartomancy)
VXFC1	Tarot
VXFD	The I Ching
VXFG	Graphology
VXFJ	Divination from physical attributes		1.2
VXFJ1	Palmistry, chiromancy Class here: chirology, chirognomy	1.2
VXFJ2	Phrenology and physiognomy	1.2
VXFN	Numerology
VXFT	Clairvoyance and precognition
VXH	Complementary therapies, healing and health Class here: Naturopathy, naturopathic medicine. Use for: therapies and associated practitioners, including healers, naturopaths. Use all VXH* codes with: MX if content aimed at qualified medical professionals MX* Complementary medicine		1.4
VXHA	Acupuncture	1.1
VXHC	Aromatherapy and essential oils
VXHF	Nature therapy Class here: Ecotherapy, horticultural therapy. Use for: popular approaches. Prefer: JM* Psychology codes for more academic approaches MQT Occupational therapy	1.3
VXHH	Homoeopathy
VXHJ	Reflexology VFMS Massage
VXHK	Reiki
VXHT	Traditional medicine and herbal remedies Class here: popular works on Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic therapies, Kampo, folk medicine, phytomedicine, phytotherapy, paraherbalism etc. Use for: therapies and associated practitioners etc. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers for particular regional traditions		1.4
VXK	Earth energies Class here: dowsing, ley lines, Earth mysteries, sacred landscapes	1.1	1.4
VXM	Mind, body, spirit: meditation and visualization
VXN	Dreams and their interpretation JMT Psychology: states of consciousness
VXP	Psychic powers and psychic phenomena Class here: ESP, popular accounts of telepathy, telekinesis etc JMX Parapsychological studies
VXPC	Crystals and colour-healing
VXPH	Chakras, auras and spiritual energy
VXPJ	Astral projection and out-of-body experiences
VXPR	The afterlife, reincarnation and past lives
VXPS	Spirit guides, angels and channelling
VXQ	Unexplained phenomena / the paranormal
VXQB	UFOs and extraterrestrial beings
VXQG	Ghosts and poltergeists
VXQM	Mythical and legendary beings, monsters and creatures Class here: things such as giants, goblins, golems, griffins, mermaids, ogres, trolls, unicorns, yetis, bigfoot, etc. Use for: popular works about fabulous creatures. Use all VXQM* codes with: F* codes for stories that feature one of these creatures. Prefer: JBGB or QR* codes for more academic studies JBGB Folklore, myths and legends		1.4
VXQM1	Mythical creatures: Dragons Use with: F*, JBGB or QR* codes as appropriate	1.3
VXQM2	Mythical creatures: Vampires, werewolves and other shapeshifters Use with: F*, JBGB or QR* codes as appropriate	1.3
VXQM3	Mythical creatures: Zombies and the undead Use with: F*, JBGB or QR* codes as appropriate	1.3
VXQM4	Mythical creatures: Fairies, elves and similar folk Use with: F*, JBGB or QR* codes as appropriate	1.4
VXV	Feng Shui and approaches to living space design and style Class here: Vastu Shastra		1.2
VXW	Mysticism, magic and occult interests Use all VXW* codes for: popular works on the occult. Prefer: QRY* codes for serious and academic works QRYX* Occult studies
VXWK	Kabbalah: popular works QRVK2 Mysticism
VXWM	Magic, spells and alchemy
VXWS	Shamanism, paganism and Druidry QRS Ancient religions and Mythologies
VXWT	Witchcraft and wicca Class here: Wiccans, Modern or Pagan witchcraft QRYX5 Witchcraft		1.4
W	Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure Use all W* codes for: popular accounts for general adult readership. DO NOT USE: code ‘W’ itself, but select specific categories from section W*. Use all W* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate. Prefer: codes from A*, K*, P*, R*, T*, etc, for specialist, technical and academic works		1.4
WB	Cookery / food and drink Class here: gastronomy, general works on food, cookery or drinks. Use all WB* codes with: NHTB for the history of food or any historical aspects of drinks, food or cookery or with JBCC4 for examinations of foodstuffs in culture and society JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society		1.4
WBA	General cookery and recipes
WBAC	Comfort food and food nostalgia	1.3
WBB	TV / celebrity chef cookbooks Class here: TV series tie-in recipe books, recipes from specific restaurants, etc
WBC	Cooking for one
WBD	Budget cookery
WBF	Quick and easy cookery		1.3
WBH	Health and wholefood cookery
WBHS	Cookery for specific diets and conditions Use with: VF* or M* codes as appropriate		1.3
WBJ	Vegetarian Cookery and vegetarianism Use for: books of recipes, books about nutritional, health and ethical aspects of meat free diets		1.4
WBJK	Vegan Cookery and veganism Use for: books of recipes, books about nutritional, health and ethical aspects of plant based diets		1.4
WBK	Organic food / organic cookery	1.3
WBN	National and regional cuisine Use with: PLACE 1* and also values from 5PB* INTEREST Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
WBNB	Street food	1.3
WBQ	Cookery for/with children		1.3
WBR	Cooking for parties and special occasions Use with: values from 5H* INTEREST Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
WBS	Cooking with specific gadgets Class here: microwave cooking, wok, barbecue, slow cookers, etc		1.3
WBT	Cookery / food by ingredient		1.3
WBTB	Cookery / food by ingredient: meat and game		1.3
WBTC	Cookery / food by ingredient: chicken and other poultry		1.3
WBTF	Cookery / food by ingredient: fish and seafood		1.3
WBTH	Cookery / food by ingredient: herbs, spices, oils and vinegars		1.3
WBTJ	Cookery / food by ingredient: rice, grains, pulses, nuts and seeds Class here: beans, peanuts, soy, oats, lentils		1.3
WBTM	Cookery / food by ingredient: fruit and vegetables		1.3
WBTP	Cookery / food by ingredient: pasta and noodles		1.3
WBTR	Cookery / food by ingredient: egg, cheese and dairy products		1.3
WBTX	Cookery / food by ingredient: chocolate		1.3
WBV	Cookery dishes and courses
WBVD	Cookery dishes and courses: soups and starters Class here: dips, appetizers, finger food		1.3
WBVG	Cookery dishes and courses: salads and vegetables
WBVH	Cookery dishes and courses: sauces Class here: salsa, marinades, condiments, dressings	1.3
WBVM	Cookery dishes and courses: main courses
WBVQ	Cookery dishes and courses: desserts
WBVS	Baking Class here: pies, tarts, pastries, Use for: general works on baking or titles that cover different types of baked goods		1.4
WBVS1	Cakes and cake decoration, icing and sugarcraft Use for: making and baking of all types of cakes, as well as decorations	1.1	1.4
WBVS2	Breads and bread making	1.4
WBW	Cookery: preserving and freezing Class here: chutneys, jams, pickles		1.3
WBX	Food and drink: beverages
WBXD	Food and drink: alcoholic beverages
WBXD1	Wines Class here: home winemaking, wine tasting		1.4
WBXD2	Beers and ciders Class here: home brewing		1.4
WBXD3	Spirits, liqueurs and cocktails		1.4
WBXN	Food and drink: non-alcoholic beverages
WBXN1	Tea and coffee Class here: Tea Culture, Coffee Culture. Use for: works about the types of and preparation of these beverages, the ceremonies or rituals associated with them. Use with: other categories for works about trade of, history of, traditions associated with, works about health benefits etc	1.3	1.4
WBXN12	Tea Ceremony Class here: Way of the tea, chadō or sadō (Japanese Tea Ceremony)	1.4
WBXN3	Juices and smoothies	1.3
WBZ	Cigars and smoking VFL Giving up smoking
WC	Antiques, vintage and collectables Use all WC* codes for: titles about the objects themselves, as well as collecting them		1.4
WCB	Antiques, vintage and collectables: buyer’s guides Class here: price guides, guides to auctions, valuation, etc. Use with: other WC* code indicating types of items, as appropriate UDBA Online shopping and auctions		1.4
WCC	Care and restoration of antiques
WCF	Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items Class here: collecting seals, numismatics		1.3
WCG	Collecting stamps, philately
WCJ	Antique clocks, musical boxes and automata		1.4
WCJB	Watches Class here: wristwatches. Use for: collecting watches, watches as fashion objects, as luxury objects, yearbooks of watches, etc	1.4
WCK	Militaria, arms and armour
WCL	Antique or vintage furniture / furniture collecting Use with: WCC for restoring antique furniture		1.4
WCN	Antiques, vintage and collectables: ceramics, glass and other related items		1.4
WCNC	Antiques, vintage and collectables: ceramics, porcelain and pottery Class here: collecting china	1.3	1.4
WCNG	Antiques, vintage and collectables: glass Class here: collecting bottles	1.3	1.4
WCP	Antiques, vintage and collectables: jewellery		1.4
WCR	Antiques, vintage and collectables: gold, silver and other metals (other than jewellery)		1.4
WCRB	Antiques, vintage and collectables: buttons, badges, pins and related small items	1.3	1.4
WCS	Antiques, vintage and collectables: books, manuscripts, ephemera and printed matter Class here: cigarette cards, programmes, postcards, comics, autographs, photographs, phonecards, etc		1.4
WCT	Antiques, vintage and collectables: sports memorabilia		1.4
WCU	Antiques, vintage and collectables: pictures, prints and maps		1.4
WCV	Antiques, vintage and collectables: carpets, rugs and textiles		1.4
WCVB	Antiques, vintage and collectables: clothing and accessories	1.4
WCW	Antiques, vintage and collectables: toys, games, dolls and models Class here: teddy bears		1.4
WCX	Antiques, vintage and collectables: instruments, implements and tools		1.4
WCXM	Antiques, vintage and collectables: musical instruments	1.2	1.4
WCXS	Antiques, vintage and collectables: scientific instruments	1.2	1.4
WD	Hobbies, quizzes and games
WDH	Hobbies WF* Handicrafts, decorative arts and crafts
WDHB	Model-making and construction Class here: miniature figurines, military models, toy soldiers, gaming figurines, scale modelling	1.2	1.4
WDHM	Model railways
WDHR	Radio-controlled models Class here: model aircraft, model cars, model boats, drones etc		1.4
WDHW	Role-playing, war games and fantasy sports Class here: wargaming, miniature games, Dungeons and Dragons style role playing games FYW Fiction: special features: game-related		1.4
WDJ	3D images and optical illusions
WDK	Puzzles and quizzes Class here: brainteasers, lateral thinking puzzles, logic tests, memory games, guessing games, jigsaw puzzles. Use for: works that set any form of conundrum or puzzle to solve, or questions to answer		1.4
WDKC	Crosswords and word games Class here: Scrabble dictionaries, wordlists, letter arrangement games, semantic games, language games		1.4
WDKN	Sudoku and number puzzles Class here: number games		1.4
WDKX	Trivia and quiz questions Class here: General knowledge quizzes, ‘pub quiz’ questions. Use with: other subject codes for quizzes about a specific subject as appropriate GBD Miscellanies and compendia		1.4
WDM	Indoor games Use for: works on any sort of game generally played inside, including party games, educational games, traditional games, games of chance, games of skill, action and reflex games, dice games UDX Computer games / online games: strategy guides		1.4
WDMC	Card games Class here: Solitaire, Patience, trading card games. Use for: any type of game using any sort of playing card		1.4
WDMC1	Card games: Bridge
WDMC2	Card games: Poker
WDMG	Board, table top and strategy games Class here: mahjong. Use for: any type of board game, either abstract or themed, traditional games, German-style board games, Amerigames etc		1.4
WDMG1	Board games: Chess Use for: works on chess and all its variants		1.4
WDMG2	Board games: Shogi	1.4
WDMG3	Board games: Go	1.4
WDP	Gambling: theories and methods UDBG Internet gambling
WF	Handicrafts, decorative arts and crafts Use all WF* codes for: practical, ‘how-to’ and hobbyist approaches, often aimed at an interested amateur audience. Prefer: codes from Section A* where appropriate for art history and criticism approaches, or codes in T* section for more vocational and professional textbooks AFT Decorative arts		1.4
WFA	Painting, drawing and art manuals AGZ The Arts: techniques and principles		1.4
WFB	Needlework and fabric crafts Class here: books of patterns and designs AFW Textile artworks, AKT Fashion and textile design		1.4
WFBC	Embroidery crafts Class here: cross-stitch, needlepoint, tapestry-making, etc
WFBL	Lace and lacemaking
WFBQ	Quiltmaking, patchwork and appliqué
WFBS	Knitting and crochet
WFBS1	Knitting	1.2
WFBS2	Crochet	1.2
WFBV	Fabric dyeing Class here: Batik and tie-dye
WFBW	Sewing	1.2
WFC	Ropework, knots and macramé
WFD	Leather crafts and Leatherworking	1.4
WFF	Rug and carpetmaking AFW Textile artworks, AKT Fashion and textile design
WFG	Spinning and weaving AFW Textile artworks, AKT Fashion and textile design
WFH	Toys: making and decorating Class here: soft toys, dolls, dolls’ houses etc
WFJ	Jewellery and beadcrafts AFKG Precious metal, precious stones and jewellery: artworks and design
WFK	Decorative finishes and surfaces Class here: decoupage
WFN	Pottery, ceramics and glass crafts AFP Ceramics, mosaic and glass: artworks
WFP	Decorative metalwork
WFQ	Decorative woodwork Class here: decorative box-making; picture-framing
WFS	Carving and modelling, moulding and casting Class here: woodcarving, resin and plaster work, doughcraft, candle-making, etc AFKC Carvings, masks, reliefs
WFT	Book and paper crafts Class here: paper-making, bookbinding, greeting card-making, scrapbooking, paper planes, paper models, papercraft AKH Book design and Bookbinding		1.3
WFTM	Origami and paper engineering
WFU	Calligraphy and hand-lettering AKD Typography and lettering
WFV	Rural crafts AFT Decorative arts
WFW	Flower arranging and floral crafts Class here: floral design, language of flowers		1.4
WFX	Adult colouring and activity books
WG	Transport: general interest KNG Transport industries, TR* Transport technology and trades
WGC	Road and motor vehicles: general interest TRCT Road transport and haulage trades
WGCB	Motor cars: general interest
WGCF	Buses, trams and commercial vehicles: general interest
WGCK	Motorcycles: general interest
WGCQ	Road and motor vehicles: Camper vans, Recreational vehicles	1.3
WGCT	Tractors and farm vehicles: general interest TVD Agricultural engineering and machinery
WGCV	Vehicle maintenance and manuals TRCS Automotive (motor mechanic) skills
WGD	Bicycles and non-motorised transport: general interest and maintenance SMQ Cycle racing, SZD Cycling: general and touring
WGF	Trains and railways: general interest Class here: company histories, maps and atlases, general works on railways TRF* Railway technology, engineering and trades		1.3
WGFD	Locomotives and rolling stock Class here: steam, diesel or electric locomotives, wagons, carriages etc	1.3
WGFL	Urban rail transit systems Class here: underground and light rail systems (metro, subway, tube, etc), trams on rails, monorail, and any urban transit or transport system based on fixed rails	1.2
WGG	Ships and boats: general interest Class here: inland waterways and ocean-going craft NHTM Maritime history, SPN* Boating: Sport and leisure		1.3
WGGB	Boats Class here: rowing boats, narrowboats, barges, luxury yachts, houseboats. Use for: boats designed primarily for inland waterways or coastal waters	1.3
WGGD	Ships: Liners and other ocean-going vessels Class here: cruise ships, sailing ships, tall ships. Use for: the history of these ships, the companies, larger ocean-going vessels etc	1.3
WGGP	Ships and boats: certification and licences Class here: certification for driving small powered boats, amateur sailing qualifications etc TRLN Navigation and seamanship, TRLT Maritime and nautical trades	1.3
WGGV	Boatbuilding and maintenance TRL* Shipbuilding technology, engineering and trades
WGM	Aircraft and aviation Class here: commercial aircraft, airlines, airports TRP* Aerospace and aviation technology		1.3
WH	Humour XY Strip cartoons
WHG	TV tie-in humour
WHJ	Jokes and riddles
WHL	Slang and dialect humour
WHP	Parodies and spoofs: non-fiction FUP Satirical fiction and parodies
WHX	Humour collections and anthologies
WJ	Lifestyle and personal style guides
WJF	Fashion and style guides
WJH	Cosmetics, hair and beauty Class here: spa treatments, makeup, skin care, hairstyling, beauty therapies, salon skills, personal grooming TTVH Hairdressing, salon and beauty therapy skills, VFM Fitness and diet, YPWC5 Educational: Hairdressing, salon and beauty therapy skills		1.4
WJJ	Perfume and incense Class here: fragrances	1.4
WJK	Interior design, decor and style guides AMR Architecture: interior design
WJS	Shopping guides UDBA Online shopping and auctions, VSG Consumer advice
WJW	Weddings, wedding planners
WJX	Parties, etiquette and entertaining
WJXC	Manners: guides and advice Class here: customary codes of polite behaviour, protocols, etiquette and interaction with others, forms and ways of addressing others, advice to avoid rudeness or causing offence, cross-cultural advice		1.4
WJXF	Table settings and arts of the table	1.3
WJY	Traditional rituals and ceremonies Class here: Japanese arts of refinement, ceremonies of welcome, bread and salt greetings, Use for: popular works about commonplace, traditional rituals and ceremonies and associated etiquettes, customs or codified conduct, often associated with daily life. Use with: other subject codes to indicate the nature of the ceremony, for example, WBXN12 for a Japanese traditional tea ceremony (Chadō), or WFW for Ikebana (Kadō) or WJJ for the Way of Fragrance (Kōdō) JBCC6 Cultural studies: customs and traditions	1.4
WK	Home and house maintenance TTVT Caretakers, janitors, housekeepers, cleaners and related skills, VSH Housing and property for the individual: buying/selling and legal aspects
WKD	DIY: general
WKDM	DIY: house maintenance manuals
WKDW	DIY: carpentry and woodworking
WKH	Household management and home hints Class here: home economics, household cleaning tips, decluttering, organising the home		1.4
WKR	Home renovation and extension WJK Interior design, decor and style guides
WKU	Outdoor and recreational areas: design and maintenance
WM	Gardening TVS Commercial horticulture
WMB	Gardens (descriptions, history etc)
WMD	Garden design and planning
WMF	Greenhouses, conservatories, patios
WMP	Gardening: plants and cultivation guides Class here: herbs, succulents and cacti. Use for: titles about the growing of or guides to any type of garden plant, both indoor and outdoor. Use with: WMQR for house plants		1.3
WMPC	Gardening: flowers and ornamental plants	1.3
WMPF	Gardening: fruit and vegetable	1.3
WMPS	Gardening: trees and shrubs	1.3
WMPY	Gardening: pests and diseases	1.3
WMQ	Specialized gardening methods
WMQB	Bonsai		1.3
WMQF	Organic gardening
WMQL	Landscape gardening
WMQN	Natural and wild gardening
WMQP	Gardening with native plants
WMQR	Container gardening Use for: titles about growing plants in pots, tubs, baskets, etc indoors or outdoors		1.3
WMQR1	Indoor gardening	1.3
WMQW	Water gardens, pools
WMT	Allotments / Community gardens TVM Smallholdings, TVU Urban farming / urban agriculture		1.3
WN	Nature and the natural world: general interest Use all WN* codes for: popular works only. Prefer: codes from Sections P*, R*, T* etc, as appropriate for specialist and academic works
WNA	Dinosaurs and the prehistoric world: general interest RBX Palaeontology
WNC	Wildlife: general interest PSV* Zoology and animal sciences
WNCB	Wildlife: birds and birdwatching: general interest PSVJ Zoology: birds (ornithology)
WNCF	Wildlife: mammals: general interest PSVM Zoology: mammals (mammalogy)
WNCK	Wildlife: reptiles and amphibians: general interest PSVF Zoology: amphibians and reptiles (herpetology)
WNCN	Wildlife: butterflies, other insects and spiders: general interest PSVA Zoology: invertebrates
WNCS	Wildlife: aquatic creatures: general interest PSP Hydrobiology, PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology), PSVM2 Zoology: marine and freshwater mammals
WNCS1	Sea life and the seashore: general interest PSPM Marine biology
WNCS2	Freshwater life: general interest PSPF Freshwater biology
WND	The countryside, country life: general interest
WNF	Farm and working animals: general interest Class here: titles about working or service dogs TVH Animal husbandry		1.3
WNG	Domestic animals and pets
WNGC	Cats as pets
WNGD	Dogs as pets
WNGD1	Dog obedience and training
WNGF	Fishes as pets and aquaria
WNGH	Horses and ponies: general interest
WNGK	Birds, including cage birds, as pets
WNGR	Rabbits and rodents as pets Class here: mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, rats, etc as pets		1.3
WNGS	Reptiles and amphibians as pets Class here: snakes, lizards, newts, terrapins, turtles, tortoises, etc as pets		1.3
WNGX	Insects and spiders as pets
WNH	Zoos and wildlife parks: general interest
WNJ	National parks and nature reserves: general interest Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers, plus travel codes WT* for guidebooks to National (state, provincial, regional etc) parks as appropriate		1.3
WNP	Trees, wildflowers and plants: general interest PST* Botany and plant sciences, WMP Gardening: plants and cultivation guides
WNR	Rocks, minerals and fossils: general interest Use for: popular works on aspects of geology, including guides to gems. Use with: codes for relevant discipline to indicate subject covered PNV Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems, RBX Palaeontology, RBG* Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere		1.2
WNW	The Earth: natural history: general interest Use for: popular works on natural history of the Earth as a whole, physical features and systems as well as life on Earth, popular works on volcanoes, earthquakes etc RB* Earth sciences, PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
WNWM	Weather and climate: general interest Use for: popular works on weather and climate including storms and other extreme weather conditions RBP Meteorology and climatology		1.2
WNX	Popular astronomy and space Class here: constellation and star guides, non-specialist guides to astronomy and space, including space exploration PG* Astronomy, space and time, TTD Space science
WQ	Local and family history, nostalgia
WQH	Local history Use for: popular accounts of the history of a specific locality, generally only of local interest. Use with: PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate
WQN	Nostalgia: general Use for: popular works with fond, uncritical view of past times. Use with: other code indicating subject where appropriate, e.g. WGF “Trains and railways: general interest”
WQP	Places in old photographs Use for: collections of early or vintage photographs relating to a specific place or places. Use with: PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers wherever possible AJC Photographs: collections
WQY	Family history, tracing ancestors NHTG Genealogy, heraldry, names and honours
WT	Travel and holiday Use all WT* codes with: the most specific PLACE 1* Qualifiers available, as appropriate
WTD	Travel tips and advice: general
WTH	Travel and holiday guides Use for: general travel guides, lists of places to visit, ‘best of’ guides, that are not in a more specific category and that remain primarily guidebooks. Use with: the most specific appropriate PLACE 1* Qualifiers, plus INTEREST 5* Qualifier, or another subject code, to indicate a specialised guidebook. For example, 5PS to indicate holidays aimed at a particular group WJS Shopping guides, WTM Places and peoples: general and pictorial works		1.3
WTHA	Travel guides: adventure holidays
WTHB	Travel guides: business travel
WTHC	Travel guides: eco-tourism, ‘green’ tourism
WTHD	Travel guides: food and drink regions Class here: travel guides based around local foods, wine-producing regions etc. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifier as appropriate and WB* for detail on area of food and drink concerned WTHR Travel guides: restaurants and cafes		1.2
WTHE	Travel guides: activity holidays Class here: travel guides for active holidays. Use with: SZ* codes to indicate the activity involved	1.2
WTHF	Travel guides: holidays with children / family holidays
WTHG	Travel guides: budget travel	1.3
WTHH	Travel guides: hotel and holiday accommodation guides Use for: ‘where to stay’ guides, recommendations of specific establishments		1.3
WTHH1	Travel guides: caravan and camp-site guides
WTHK	Travel guides: beaches and coastal areas Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifier codes as appropriate	1.3
WTHL	Travel guides: Cities Use for: guides to specific cities. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifier codes as appropriate	1.4
WTHM	Travel guides: museums, historic sites, galleries etc Class here: guides to heritage sites, individual buildings, monuments, culturally significant sites, historic and archaeological sites, etc		1.4
WTHR	Travel guides: restaurants and cafes Class here: Inns, bars, pubs, bistros for food / drink. Use for: ‘where to eat/ drink’ guides, recommendations of specific establishments WTHD Travel guides: food and drink regions		1.3
WTHT	Travel guides: theme parks and funfairs
WTHV	Travel guides: Rail travel Class here: railway timetables for travellers, railway maps, travelling by train, railway journeys etc	1.4
WTHW	Travel guides: routes and ways Class here: guides to long distance routes, such as footpaths, trails, cycleways, waterways, highways, bridleways, etc. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifier codes plus subject codes, such as SZ*, where appropriate	1.3
WTHX	Travel guides: cruises Class here: river and sea cruises. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifier codes as appropriate		1.3
WTK	Language phrasebooks Use with: LANGUAGE Qualifier 2* as appropriate CJBT Language self-study
WTL	Travel writing
WTLC	Classic travel writing Use for: travel writing widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically, but not necessarily, published and in print for several decades		1.4
WTLP	Expeditions: popular accounts Class here: popular accounts of expeditions and exploration RGR Geographical discovery and exploration
WTM	Places and peoples: general and pictorial works Use for: illustrated and inspirational travel books, books about places to visit, etc, that are NOT primarily guidebooks. Use with: the most specific PLACE 1* Qualifiers available plus INTEREST 5* qualifier or another subject code when the title has a specialised theme AJC Photographs: collections		1.3
WTR	Travel maps and atlases RGX* Geographical reference works
WTRD	Road atlases and maps
WTRM	Travel maps Use for: all folded maps, other than city street maps and motorists’ road maps, for general and travel use
WTRS	Street maps and city plans Class here: maps and books of maps of cities, towns and streets for general use
WZ	Stationery and miscellaneous items Use all WZ* codes for: products such as stationery and non-book articles for adults that would not be categorised using another subject category as a primary or main subject. Use with: other subject codes as appropriate but WZ* should be the main or principal code. Details of formats are conveyed in other product metadata		1.4
WZG	Gift books Use for: books, typically small format and of a decorative, humorous or inspirational nature, intended to be given as gifts by the purchaser YZG Children’s gift books		1.4
WZS	Stationery items Use for: any printed stationery item, diaries, calendars, posters, kits, postcard packs, bookmarks, etc. Use with: another code indicating subject where possible
WZSJ	Thematic journals and notebooks Use for: journals that you fill in, which have some pre-printed text or images to inspire what to write or note down. Use with: another secondary code indicating a subject as appropriate	1.4
WZSN	Blank stationery items Class here: blank notebooks, autograph books and other content-free items	1.1
X	Graphic novels, Comic books, Cartoons Use all X* codes for: general adult, teenage or Children’s titles. DO NOT USE: code ‘X’ itself, but select specific categories from section X*. INTEREST AGE 5A* Qualifiers MUST be used with titles aimed at children or teenagers. Use all X* codes with: other subject categories and qualifiers where appropriate, in particular with PLACE 1*, TIME PERIOD 3* and INTEREST 5* Qualifiers		1.4
XA	Graphic novel and Comic book: types
XAB	European tradition graphic novels Use for: In the European tradition, graphic novels are typically one-off publications, rather than part of a series, generally for an adult audience, often with distinctive graphics and more literary textual content, usually serious rather than humorous; they are works published originally as graphic novels, not adaptations of textual works
XAD	European tradition comic books, Bandes dessinées Use for: In the European tradition, comic books or ‘bandes dessinées’ are typically published in ongoing series, often featuring the same characters, as distinct from ‘one-off’ graphic novels
XADC	European comic books: general, classic, all ages Class here: classic comic books which can usually be read and enjoyed by children or adults, and which are widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically but not necessarily published and in print for several decades		1.4
XAK	American / British style comic books and graphic novels Use for: graphic novels and comic books in the American / British tradition
XAKC	American comic books: classic, Golden Age Class here: early and classic ‘Golden Age’ characters, which can usually be read and enjoyed by children or adults, and which are widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically but not necessarily published and in print for several decades		1.4
XAM	Manga and Asian style comics Use for: XAM codes includes all Japanese comic books (Manga) plus those from other Asian countries including Korean (Manhwa) and Chinese (Manhua) and from non-Asian countries, but designed according the ‘Manga style’		1.4
XAMC	Manga: Kodomo Use for: Manga for children, boys and girls, age around 6 to 10
XAMF	Manga: Shōjo Use for: Manga designed for young and teenage girls, age around 10 to 15
XAMG	Manga: Shōnen Use for: Manga designed primarily for young and teenage boys, age around 10 to 15
XAML	Manga: Seinen Use for: Manga designed for young adult men, from about 15 to 30 years old. Use with: Qualifier 5X as appropriate		1.3
XAMR	Manga: Josei Use for: Manga designed specifically for young adult women
XAMT	Manga: Yaoi Class here: boys’ love (BL). Use for: Manga featuring young male same-sex relationships, created principally, but not exclusively, for a young female readership. Use with: 5PSG as appropriate FYQ Fiction: special features: Yaoi / BL novels		1.4
XAMV	Manga: Bara Class here: Men’s Love (ML) manga. Use for: manga focusing on male same-sex love, usually created by gay men for a gay male audience. Use with: 5PSG and 5X as appropriate	1.3	1.4
XAMX	Manga: adult (erotic, extreme violence) Use for: Manga designed for adults featuring scenes of an overtly adult nature only suitable for an aware and mature audience. Use with: other XAM* codes as appropriate and Qualifier 5X as appropriate XAMX2 Manga: hentai manga		1.3
XAMX2	Manga: hentai manga Use for: Manga designed for adults (over 18 years), of an extreme erotic or pornographic nature. Use with: Qualifier 5X as appropriate XAML Manga: Seinen	1.3
XAMY	Manga: Yuri Class here: girls’ Love. Use for: Manga featuring young female same-sex relationships often (but not exclusively) for a young female readership. Use with: 5PSL as appropriate	1.2	1.4
XQ	Graphic novel, Comic book and Manga: genres		1.4
XQA	Graphic novel / Comic book: memoirs, true stories and non-fiction Class here: Slice of life, biographies, politics, travel. Use with: Non-fiction categories to indicate the subject as appropriate		1.4
XQAY	Graphic novel / Comic book / Manga: Educational Use for: titles published as comics or manga where the content is primarily non-fiction and aimed at educating people about the subject. Use with: YN* codes if for young people or other relevant non-fiction codes for titles aimed at adults. Use with: relevant XA* code to indicate type	1.4
XQB	Graphic novel / Comic book: literary adaptations Use for: adaptations of pre-existing literary works into graphic form
XQC	Graphic novel / Comic book: inspired by or adapted from Use for: stories that were published as spin-offs or companions to pre-existing non-book media or merchandise, for example story books based on a popular film franchise, an online game or a TV series. DO NOT USE: for titles that were subsequently made into films etc		1.3
XQD	Graphic novel / Comic book: crime, mystery and thrillers
XQG	Graphic novel / Comic book: action and adventure
XQGW	Graphic novel / Comic book: Westerns
XQH	Graphic novel / Comic book: horror
XQK	Graphic novel / Comic book: super-heroes and super-villains
XQL	Graphic novel / Comic book: science fiction
XQM	Graphic novel / Comic book: fantasy, esoteric Use for: comic books featuring traditions of mythical, secret or esoteric knowledge
XQN	Graphic novel / Comic book: anthropomorphic / animal stories	1.3
XQR	Graphic novel / Comic book: romance
XQS	Graphic novel / Comic book: school / college life Use with: 5L* code as appropriate	1.3
XQT	Graphic novel / Comic book: humorous
XQV	Graphic novel / Comic book: historical
XQX	Graphic novel / Comic book: adult Use for: comic books designed for adults featuring scenes of an overtly adult nature or dealing with graphic themes only suitable for an aware, mature audience. Use with: Qualifier 5X plus other X* codes as appropriate		1.3
XQXE	Graphic novel / Comic book: adult – erotic Use for: comic books designed for adults featuring scenes of an overtly erotic nature or dealing with graphic sexual themes only suitable for an aware mature audience. Use with: Qualifier 5X plus other X* codes as appropriate	1.3
XQXV	Graphic novel / Comic book: adult – extreme violence / gore Use for: comic books designed for adults featuring scenes of an overtly violent or gory nature or dealing with graphic or disturbingly violent themes only suitable for an aware mature audience. Use with: Qualifier 5X plus other X* codes as appropriate	1.3
XR	Graphic novel and comic books: guides and reviews DSR Literary reference works, FZ Fiction companions
XRM	Manga guides and reviews DSR Literary reference works, FZ Fiction companions
XY	Strip cartoons Use for: collections of typically humorous cartoons, in 3–5 panels, usually originally published in newspapers or magazines
Y	Children’s, Teenage and Educational Use all Y* codes for: material aimed at, or purposefully written or created for a juvenile or adolescent audience (except for graphic novels, comic books, manga in X*). DO NOT USE: code ‘Y’ itself, but select specific categories from section Y*. Use all Y* codes with: only one INTEREST AGE 5A* Qualifier to indicate a guideline starting interest age (detailed age ranges should be included in other metadata) – or for YP* use EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* qualifiers. All other qualifiers can be used as appropriate with Y* codes. DO NOT USE for: material intended primarily for adults that may also appeal to older teenagers. For ‘new adult’ content see note at 5LKE		1.4
YB	Children’s: picture books, activity books, early learning concepts Use all YB* codes for: physical or digital items – the headings relate purely to the content, not the format (Format information is described in other metadata). Use all YB* codes with: only one INTEREST AGE 5A* Qualifier to indicate a guideline starting interest age		1.4
YBC	Children’s picture books Use all YBC* codes for: highly illustrated books (typically colour throughout) for children in which the content (either fiction or non-fiction) is conveyed through the use of words and pictures in combination or through pictures alone. A ‘picture book’ differs from a ‘book with illustrations’, in that the pictures it contains are at least as important as the text (if any) and form an essential component of the book. Use all YBC* codes with: other codes from Y* sections as appropriate, for example, YNB for Picture book biographies, or YPCA21 for picture books that are part of a structured reading scheme		1.4
YBCB	Baby books Use for: usually small format, board, bath, cloth or rag book picture books with little or no text, and no explicitly educational early learning content, and usually very little story. Use with: YBG* codes for baby books which involve interactivity		1.4
YBCH	Picture books: character books Use for: all books based on TV or film characters, and all books featuring established pictorially-represented characters used in several books and or other products
YBCS	Picture storybooks Use for: fully illustrated storybooks for children where the narrative is told mostly or entirely through pictures and where any text is totally dependent on the illustrations. Use with: relevant YF* codes to indicate the genre of story, as appropriate, or YN* or YX* categories as secondary codes for stories with specific themes. YBCS should usually be the primary or main subject when used with YF*, YN* or YX* categories. Prefer: X* codes for stories told in comic book or manga form		1.4
YBCS1	Picture storybooks: bedtime stories and dreams	1.1
YBCS2	Picture storybooks: imagination and play Use for: picture books featuring use of imagination and/or play, for example with toys, often to create an imaginary world	1.1
YBD	Children’s / Teenage: Chapter books (transitional storybooks) Use for: Children’s storybooks that are primarily text, but still contain plentiful illustrations. Usually of a relatively short length and low complexity, divided into very short chapters, and intended for transitioning readers – those moving on from picture storybooks. Use with: relevant YF* codes to indicate the genre of story, as appropriate, or YN* or YX* categories as secondary codes for stories with specific themes. Prefer: X* codes for stories told in comic book or manga form YBCS Picture storybooks	1.4
YBG	Children’s interactive and activity books and kits Use all YBG* codes for: children’s (of any age group) activity and interactive products; works where the primary purpose and main content of the product is an activity that requires participation and interaction, i.e. something to do or make, whether single use (e.g. press out and make) or repeatable (e.g. touch and feel). Use all YBG* codes with: other Y* codes as appropriate. Prefer: other Y* codes as the main category when the primary content (story or the subject) is more important than the interactivity. (Detailed format information is always described in other metadata)		1.4
YBGC	Children’s interactive and activity: drawing, colouring and painting Class here: books to colour in, magic painting books, books and painting sets, fingerprinting, rubber stamps, connect the dots, paint-by-numbers, stencil books, doodles, finger painting, learning to draw or paint, etc YNA Children’s / Teenage general interest: Art and artists	1.2	1.4
YBGH	Children’s interactive and activity: hidden object / search and discover Class here: ‘magic eye’ or ‘3D’ books, optical illusions, wimmelbooks. Use for: material where aim is to look for and find item or character in pictures, or which have illustrations packed with details to find, but do not necessarily tell a story YNVP Children’s / Teenage general interest: Puzzles and quizzes	1.1	1.4
YBGS	Children’s interactive and activity: papercrafts Class here: origami, books of paper dolls to dress, paper models to make or assemble, things to cut out or punch-out, dioramas, paper folding, or other activities for children using paper or card	1.4
YBL	Early years / early learning concepts Use all YBL* codes for: pre-school material only		1.1
YBLA	Early years: letters and words Class here: ABC and alphabet books, first word books etc		1.4
YBLB	Early years: verse, rhymes and wordplay Class here: nursery rhymes and simple verse for very young children, tongue-twisters etc YDP Children’s / Teenage: Poetry		1.1
YBLC	Early years: numbers and counting		1.1
YBLD	Early years: colours		1.1
YBLF	Early years: opposites		1.1
YBLH	Early years: size, shapes and patterns		1.1
YBLJ	Early years: time and seasons Class here: telling the time, day and night, days of the week, seasons of the year, etc		1.1
YBLL	Early years: nature and animals Class here: baby animals	1.1	1.4
YBLM	Early years: daily routine Class here: elements of daily life for very young children: bath time and washing, meals and eating, bedtime, sleeping and getting up, getting dressed, potty and toilet training, etc	1.1	1.4
YBLN	Early years: first experiences		1.1
YBLN1	Early years: the body and the senses Class here: sounds and noises, touch and feel, tastes and smells, fingers and toes, smiles and laughter, faces, peek-a-boo, hide-and-seek, etc		1.4
YBLP	Early years: people who help us		1.1
YBLQ	Early years: family Use with: YXF* codes as appropriate	1.3
YBLT	Early years: things that go Class here: books on ships, planes, trains, trucks, cars, bikes, buses and other moving vehicles for the very young		1.3
YD	Children’s / Teenage poetry, anthologies, annuals Use all YD* codes with: INTEREST AGE 5A* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
YDA	Children’s / Teenage: Annuals Class here: all annuals aimed at children or teenagers. Use for: material published every year, usually dated and thematic. Use with: second code indicating type or subject area where possible		1.4
YDC	Children’s / Teenage: Anthologies Use with: other code denoting literary form where appropriate, e.g. with a YF* code for fiction anthologies, with YDP for poetry anthologies. Use alone for anthologies of various literary forms
YDP	Children’s / Teenage: Poetry YBLB Early years: verse, rhymes and wordplay, YFV Children’s / Teenage fiction: Stories in verse
YF	Children’s / Teenage fiction and true stories Use all YF* codes with: one 5A* INTEREST AGE Qualifier; with PLACE 1*, TIME PERIOD 3* or INTEREST 5* Qualifiers where these aspects are particularly pertinent and significant; with appropriate non-fiction categories YN* or YX* to indicate key settings or topics of the narrative, but NOTE for ALL Children’s and teenage fiction the primary category MUST be an YF* code; with 5H*, 5J*, 5L* or 5P* qualifiers when these represent a significant topic or part of the appeal of the narrative; with 5X, where appropriate, to indicate material that may have themes or topics only be suitable for older or mature teenagers; with YB* to indicate the genre of a picture or chapter book; with YDC for fiction anthologies; YFZ* codes may be used to indicate special features of a fiction title. Prefer: X* codes for fiction told in comic book or manga form XADC European comic books: general, classic, all ages, XAKC American comic books: classic, Golden Age, XAMC Manga: Kodomo, XAMF Manga: Shōjo, XAMG Manga: Shōnen		1.4
YFA	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Classic fiction Use for: children’s and teenage fiction widely regarded or presented as ‘classic’ and typically but not necessarily published and in print for several decades		1.4
YFB	Children’s / Teenage fiction: General fiction Use for: all contemporary non-genre fiction for children and teenagers
YFC	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Action and adventure stories		1.1
YFCA	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Interactive adventure stories Use for: books, physical or digital, where the reader can select from options to alter the narrative outcome. Use with: and after, other YF* code indicating genre if possible
YFCB	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Thrillers
YFCF	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Crime and mystery fiction
YFCW	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Military and war fiction	1.1
YFD	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Horror and ghost stories, chillers YNXW Children’s / Teenage general interest: Witches, wizards and magicians
YFE	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Speculative, dystopian and utopian fiction Class here: fiction set in dystopian or utopian societies, alternative history fiction. Use with: YFG or other YF* codes if possible		1.1
YFG	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Science fiction
YFGS	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Steampunk	1.2
YFH	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Fantasy		1.3
YFHD	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Magical realism	1.3
YFHR	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Fantasy romance Class here: vampire romance, paranormal romance etc; Use for: Fantasy stories using many of the elements and conventions of romance but that is primarily a fantasy novel. Use with: 5X code if content is more explicit and INTEREST AGE 5A* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
YFJ	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Traditional stories Class here: myths and legends, folk and fairy tales or fables told in a story form. Use for: modern retellings in story form or collections of these type of traditional stories aimed at children / teenagers		1.3
YFK	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Religious fiction
YFM	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Relationship stories – Romance, love or friendship Use for: stories that deal with all kinds of relationships with others. Use with: YX* to give details of kinds of relationships as appropriate, for example, YXHB for stories about friendships, or YXHL for romance or love stories or YXH for stories about relationships in peer groups YXHB Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Friends and friendships		1.4
YFN	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Family and home stories Use with: codes from YXF* sequence for fiction specifically designed to address family issues		1.1
YFP	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Nature and animal stories Use with: YNN* codes to indicate what type of animal or nature story, for example YNNJ24 for Horse stories or YNN21 for stories about Dogs		1.4
YFQ	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Humorous stories Use with: other YF* code indicating genre if possible
YFR	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Sporting stories
YFS	Children’s / Teenage fiction: School stories Class here: back to school, going to a new school, school life, stories principally taking place in and around school, etc. Use with: values from 5L* to indicate what school level as appropriate		1.4
YFT	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Historical fiction Use for: stories set in the past (usually before the writer’s lifetime), where the time period is a significant or essential part of the story and that portray the spirit, manners, and social conditions of that time with realistic detail. Use with: other YF* codes as appropriate, and PLACE 1* and/or TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers to indicate setting as appropriate		1.3
YFU	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Short stories Use with: other YF* code indicating genre if possible
YFV	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Stories in verse Use with: other YF* code indicating genre if possible YDP Children’s / Teenage: Poetry	1.1
YFX	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Biographical fiction Use for: highly fictionalised biographies or autobiographies of real people		1.1
YFY	Children’s / Teenage: True stories told as fiction Class here: true stories, e.g. of survival, discovery, conflict etc, told in strong narrative from, as if fiction
YFZ	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Special features and related items	1.3
YFZR	Children’s / Teenage category fiction Use for: genre fiction, usually published on a monthly basis, short, in clearly delineated lines and with a certain number published every month. Use with: other YF* code indicating genre or type. YFZR codes should never be the main subject code	1.3	1.4
YFZS	Children’s / Teenage fiction: ranobe (‘light novels’) Use for: short fiction for children or adolescents, usually driven primarily by dialogue and character, and generally accompanied by illustrations in manga/anime or similar styles . Use with: Other YF* codes to indicate the genre	1.4
YFZT	Children’s / Teenage: Fiction in translation Use for: fiction in translation from another language. Use with: YF* codes to ensure classification is meaningful beyond the translation of the work itself. DO NOT USE: PLACE 1* or LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers to describe the detail of the original language, this would be described elsewhere and not using Thema. You may still use a PLACE Qualifier if it is relevant to the plot or setting of the book. DO NOT USE: YFZT as the main or primary subject or the only code	1.4
YFZV	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Inspired by or adapted from Use for: stories that were published as spin-offs or companions to pre-existing non-book media or merchandise, for example story books based on a popular film franchise, toy, an online game or a TV series. Do NOT use for titles that were subsequently made into films etc. Use with: other YF* code indicating genre or type. YFZV codes should never be the main subject code	1.3
YFZZ	Children’s / Teenage fiction: Companion works Use for: companion works to popular children’s or teenage fiction series or titles, typically uncritical, such as an atlas of a mythical world, a compendium of characters, a guide to the series, etc. Use with: other Y* codes or on its own as appropriate	1.3
YN	Children’s / Teenage: General interest Use for: all general interest material not covered elsewhere and not designed specifically for school use. Use all YN* codes for: non-fiction works. Use all YN* codes with: INTEREST AGE 5A* Qualifiers, with relevant YF* code for fiction on specific topics, as appropriate		1.4
YNA	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Art and artists Use with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.1
YNB	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Biography and autobiography Use for: both individual biographies and works that have multiple biographies of different people, titles about heroes or heroines, inspirational figures	1.1	1.4
YNC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Music Use with: STYLE 6* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.1
YNCS	Songbooks for children	1.2
YND	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Drama and performing		1.1
YNDB	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dance, ballet		1.1
YNDS	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Playscripts		1.1
YNF	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Television, video and film Class here: titles about making of a film, TV, series, etc		1.3
YNG	Children’s / Teenage general interest: General knowledge and interesting facts		1.3
YNGL	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Information resources Class here: titles about libraries, museums, schools, etc. Use for: informative books about museums, galleries, libraries other cultural centres, and their content		1.3
YNH	Children’s / Teenage general interest: History and the past Use with: PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate. Use with: YNB for biographies of specific people from the past YNB Children’s / Teenage general interest: Biography and autobiography		1.3
YNHA	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Adventurers and outlaws Class here: treasure hunters YNB Children’s / Teenage general interest: Biography and autobiography	1.1	1.3
YNHA1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pirates	1.3
YNHD	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Discovery and exploration Class here: explorers, travellers, expedition, first contacts with other continents and peoples, exploring interiors, the seas, etc YNB Children’s / Teenage general interest: Biography and autobiography	1.1	1.3
YNHP	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Lives of children in the past Use with: PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.1	1.3
YNJ	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Warfare, battles, armed forces Use with: PLACE 1* and TIME PERIOD 3* Qualifiers as appropriate YXZW Children’s / Teenage social issues: War and conflict issues		1.3
YNJC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Castles and knights Class here: medieval warfare	1.3
YNK	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Work and society Class here: business, the world of work, working or different jobs, specific professions, daily life, everyday occurrences		1.4
YNKA	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Politics Use for: titles about politics, political activity, political institutions, government, human rights etc. Use with: YNB and YNH, as appropriate, for books about political figures	1.1	1.4
YNKC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Law, police and crime	1.1
YNL	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Literature, books and writers		1.1
YNM	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Places and peoples Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
YNMC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Countries, cultures and national identity Class here: national symbols, monuments, dress, flags, customs etc. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.1	1.3
YNMD	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Celebrations, holidays, festivals and special events Use with: values from 5H* INTEREST Qualifiers as appropriate, also use with YNR* codes as appropriate YNR* Children’s / Teenage general interest: Philosophy, Religion and beliefs, 5H* Holidays, events and seasonal interest	1.3
YNMF	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Girls and women Use for: books where girlhood / womanhood is a central theme	1.1
YNMH	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Boys and men Use for: books where boyhood / manhood is a central theme	1.1
YNMK	Children’s / Teenage general interest: City and town life Class here: suburbs, inner cities, small towns, urban and suburban life, etc. Use for: books about life in urban environments or works about particular cities or towns. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers especially if about a named city which has a PLACE 1* code	1.1	1.4
YNML	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Rural and farm life	1.1
YNMW	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Queens, kings, princesses, princes etc Class here: royalty. Use for: titles about royals or featuring a royal character	1.1	1.3
YNN	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Nature, animals, the natural world		1.1
YNNA	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dinosaurs and prehistoric world		1.1
YNNB	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife and habitats YXZG Children’s / Teenage social issues: Environment and green issues		1.1
YNNB1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife and habitats: Oceans and seas Class here: seashore, coasts, beaches, etc	1.1	1.4
YNNB2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife and habitats: Jungles and tropical forests Class here: rainforests	1.1
YNNB3	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife and habitats: Deserts	1.1
YNNB9	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Wildlife and habitats: Ice, snow and tundra Class here: Polar regions and high mountain habitats	1.1
YNNC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ecosystems Class here: works on whole ecosystems YXZG Children’s / Teenage social issues: Environment and green issues		1.1
YNNF	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Farm animals Use for: general works that include multiple farm animals or for farm animals that do not have their own code		1.3
YNNH	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care		1.1
YNNH1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Dogs YNNJ21 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dogs and wolves		1.1
YNNH2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Cats YNNJ22 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cats including big cats		1.1
YNNH3	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Rabbits and rodents Class here: mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, rats etc, as pets YNNJ31 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Rodents and rabbits		1.3
YNNH4	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Horses and ponies		1.1
YNNH5	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Birds Class here: parrots, canaries, budgerigars etc as pets	1.3
YNNJ	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Mammals	1.1
YNNJ1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Freshwater and marine mammals Use for: mammals that live most of the time in water YNNS Children’s / Teenage general interest: Fish and marine life	1.1	1.3
YNNJ14	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Whales, dolphins and porpoises Use for: mammals that live permanently in water	1.3
YNNJ2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Large land mammals Class here: camels, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceros, deer, etc. Use for: any work featuring or about large mammals that does not have its own code or note	1.1	1.3
YNNJ21	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dogs and wolves Class here: hyenas, foxes etc. Use for: any work featuring or about any type of dog (canid), that is not specifically about pet care YNNH1 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Dogs	1.1	1.3
YNNJ22	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cats including big cats Class here: lions, tigers, etc. Use for: any work featuring or about any type of cat (felid), that is not specifically about pet care YNNH2 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Cats	1.1	1.3
YNNJ23	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Bears Class here: giant pandas	1.1	1.3
YNNJ24	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ponies and horses Class here: donkeys, asses, zebras. Use with: YF* codes for stories or fiction about horses	1.1	1.4
YNNJ25	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cows and cattle Class here: buffalo, bison, yaks	1.1	1.3
YNNJ26	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pigs, hogs and boars	1.3
YNNJ27	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Sheep and goats	1.3
YNNJ29	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Apes, monkeys and lemurs Class here: gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, gibbons	1.1	1.3
YNNJ3	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Small land mammals Class here: bats, hedgehogs, racoons, etc Use for: any work featuring or about small mammals that does not have its own code or note	1.1	1.3
YNNJ31	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Rodents and rabbits Class here: mice, rats, squirrels, hares, porcupines, capybaras etc, not as pets YNNH3 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Pets and pet care: Rabbits and rodents	1.1	1.3
YNNJ9	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Marsupials, platypuses and echidnas Class here: kangaroos, koalas, possums, wombats, wallabies etc	1.1	1.3
YNNK	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Birds	1.1
YNNL	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Insects, spiders, minibeasts	1.1
YNNM	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Reptiles and amphibians Class here: snakes, lizards, newts, terrapins, tortoises, turtles, frogs, toads, etc. Use with: YNNH for titles about pet care	1.1	1.3
YNNS	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Fish and marine life YNNJ1 Children’s / Teenage general interest: Freshwater and marine mammals	1.1	1.3
YNNT	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Plants and trees		1.1
YNNV	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Rocks, weather and physical world Class here: rocks, fossils, minerals, volcanoes, earthquakes, geology, the atmosphere, weather systems, storms, tornados etc		1.1
YNNZ	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Space, stars and the solar system Class here: constellation guides, space exploration, planets etc		1.1
YNP	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Practical interests Use for: general works on making and doing things, practical ideas, hackerspace / makerspace ideas YNT Children’s / Teenage general interest: Science and technology, YPAK Educational: Handicrafts		1.4
YNPC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cooking and food Class here: nutrition, eating well, fruit and vegetables, cookery and recipes		1.4
YNPG	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Gardening Class here: growing plants, flowers, herbs, vegetables	1.2	1.4
YNPH	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Handicrafts		1.1
YNPH1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Woodworking, model-making		1.1
YNPH2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Needlecraft and fabric crafts		1.1
YNPJ	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Clothing and fashion		1.1
YNPK	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Money		1.1
YNQ	Children’s / Teenage: Youth clubs, societies, groups and organisations Class here: Scouts, Guides and similar youth organisations	1.3
YNR	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Philosophy, Religion and beliefs Use all YNR* codes for: works about schools of thought, belief systems, spiritual traditions, religion or stories from that religious tradition. Use with: other Y* codes and 5PG* INTEREST Qualifiers as appropriate YPJN* Educational: Religious studies, YXZR Children’s / Teenage social issues: Religious issues		1.4
YNRA	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Philosophy Class here: philosophical traditions and schools of thoughts	1.4
YNRD	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Hinduism YPJN1 Educational: Religious studies: Hinduism		1.1
YNRF	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Buddhism YPJN2 Educational: Religious studies: Buddhism		1.1
YNRJ	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Judaism YPJN3 Educational: Religious studies: Judaism		1.1
YNRM	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Christianity Class here: Bibles and Bible stories for Children YPJN4 Educational: Religious studies: Christianity		1.4
YNRP	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Islam YPJN5 Educational: Religious studies: Islam		1.1
YNRR	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Other religions and spiritual traditions Use for: works about living religions that do not have their own category, and their practices, stories, rituals and belief systems. Use with: QR* codes to give extra detail and PLACE 1* Qualifiers as appropriate YPJN9 Educational: Religious studies: Other religions		1.4
YNRU	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ancient religions, Mythology and legends Use for: works on the myths or legends from any tradition, including, Greek, Norse, Roman, Egyptian, Celtic, Aztec, African, Asian, American, Middle Eastern. Use with: YFJ for fiction based on myths or retelling of the original or traditional stories and PLACE 1*, LANGUAGE 2* or INTEREST 5* Qualifiers to indicate the particular tradition YFJ Children’s / Teenage fiction: Traditional stories, YNXB Children’s / Teenage general interest: Supernatural and mythological creatures	1.2	1.4
YNRX	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Religious texts, prayers and devotional material Use for: editions of sacred texts, including simplified versions and stories based on sacred texts, prayer books and all devotional material, designed for children. Use with: other YNR* code indicating religion, and 5PG* codes as appropriate		1.4
YNT	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Science and technology Use for: general works on science, including project ideas, experiments etc		1.3
YNTA	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Science: The human body Class here: general descriptive, scientific approaches YXA* Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Body and health		1.1
YNTC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Computing and Information Technology Class here: Artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, robotics YNVU Children’s / Teenage general interest: Computer and video games	1.2	1.4
YNTC1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Programming and scripting languages Class here: coding for children	1.3
YNTC2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Social media Class here: influencers, vlogging and vloggers, blogging	1.3	1.4
YNTD	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Inventors, inventions and experiments		1.1
YNTG	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Machines and how things work		1.1
YNTM	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Mathematics and numbers Use for: Non-educational books about math and numbers	1.3
YNTP	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Buildings and construction		1.1
YNTR	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Transport and vehicles		1.1
YNTT	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Time travel Use with: YF* codes as appropriate	1.3
YNU	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Humour and jokes		1.1
YNUC	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cartoons and comic strips Use for: humorous comic strips or cartoons aimed at children or teenagers. Prefer: X* codes with appropriate 5A* Qualifiers for all graphic novels, European or American style comic books, manga etc aimed at children or teenagers X* Graphic novels, Comic books, Cartoons		1.4
YNV	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Hobbies, quizzes, toys and games		1.1
YNVD	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Toys Use all YNVD* codes for: works about toys, or featuring toys. Use with: YB*, YF*, YNP* as appropriate	1.1	1.4
YNVD1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dolls, figures and similar toys Class here: puppets, action figures, toy soldiers, etc. Use with: YB*, YF*, YNP* as appropriate	1.3
YNVD2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Stuffed or soft toys Class here: Teddy bears. Use with: YB*, YF*, YNP* as appropriate	1.3
YNVD3	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Building bricks, blocks and construction toys Use with: YB*, YF*, YNP* as appropriate	1.3
YNVM	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Games Class here: Indoor games, party games, board games, card games, educational games, traditional games, games of chance, games of skill, action and reflex games, strategy games, role-playing games dice games, chess etc	1.4
YNVP	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Puzzles and quizzes Class here: number and word games, sudoku, crosswords, word searches, mazes, enigmas, riddles, brain teasers, travel puzzles, memory, logic puzzles, find the missing pieces, jigsaw puzzles. Use for: products where there is something to solve, an answer to be found, something to work out, etc YBGH Children’s interactive and activity: hidden object / search and discover		1.4
YNVU	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Computer and video games Class here: gameplay guides		1.3
YNW	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Sports and outdoor recreation Class here: sporting events, outdoor games and activities. Use with: other YNW* codes as appropriate		1.4
YNWD	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports Class here: all ball games not listed below. Use with: SF* codes for any ball game without a specific YNWD* code		1.4
YNWD1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: Association football (Soccer)	1.1	1.2
YNWD2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: American Football	1.1	1.2
YNWD3	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: Baseball and Softball	1.1
YNWD4	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: Basketball	1.1
YNWD5	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: Cricket	1.4
YNWD6	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: Volleyball	1.2
YNWD7	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: Rugby	1.4
YNWD8	Children’s/Teenage general interest: Ball games and sports: Handball	1.1
YNWG	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Athletics and gymnastics		1.1
YNWM	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Winter sports		1.3
YNWM1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Winter sports: Skiing Class here: snowboarding	1.2	1.4
YNWM2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Winter sports: Ice hockey	1.2
YNWW	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Swimming and water sports		1.1
YNWY	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Cycling, rollerskating and skateboarding		1.3
YNWZ	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Sports teams and clubs Use with: other YNW* code indicating sport		1.1
YNX	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Mysteries and the unexplained		1.1
YNXB	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Supernatural and mythological creatures Class here: monsters and legendary beings. Use all YNXB* codes with: YF* codes for stories about any of these creatures		1.4
YNXB1	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Dragons	1.3
YNXB2	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Vampires, werewolves and shapeshifters	1.3
YNXB3	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Zombies, ghosts and the undead Class here: mummies, skeletons, ghouls, poltergeists etc	1.3
YNXB4	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Fairies, elves, etc	1.3
YNXB5	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Unicorns	1.4
YNXB6	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Mermaids / Merfolk	1.4
YNXF	Children’s / Teenage general interest: UFOs and extraterrestrial beings Class here: aliens		1.3
YNXW	Children’s / Teenage general interest: Witches, wizards and magicians YFD Children’s / Teenage fiction: Horror and ghost stories, chillers		1.3
YP	Educational material Use all YP* codes for: pre-primary, primary and secondary educational material, including schoolbooks, textbooks, revision material, exam preparation, etc. For material aimed at higher education, for apprenticeship style and adult vocational qualifications, prefer non Y* subject code as appropriate. Use all YP* codes with: at least one EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifier as appropriate JNU Teaching of a specific subject, JNUM Teachers’ classroom resources and material		1.4
YPA	Educational: Arts, general Use with: STYLE Qualifiers 6 * where appropriate
YPAB	Educational: Art and design Use with: STYLE Qualifiers 6 * where appropriate
YPAD	Educational: Music Use with: STYLE Qualifiers 6 * where appropriate
YPAF	Educational: Drama and performance arts Class here: playscripts for schools, dance
YPAG	Educational: Fashion and textile	1.3
YPAK	Educational: Handicrafts Class here: maker and hacker spaces, Sloyd, traditional arts and crafts in the classroom. Use for: material that combine practical approaches from cross curriculum subjects	1.3	1.4
YPC	Educational: Language, literature and literacy Use all YPC* codes with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.2
YPCA	Educational: First / native language
YPCA1	Educational: First / native language: Basic literacy Use for: books aimed at teaching or encouraging primary skills such as letter and word recognition and formation		1.3
YPCA2	Educational: First / native language: Reading and writing skills Use for: books aimed at teaching or encouraging independent reading and writing		1.3
YPCA21	Educational: First / native language: Readers and reading schemes Use for: books that are part of a structured ‘learning to read’ scheme suitable for school and/or home use, usually graded by language level and breadth of vocabulary. Use with: EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers, and other Children’s and Teenage subject codes to indicate if they are stories (YF*) or general interest		1.3
YPCA22	Educational: First / native language: Handwriting skills
YPCA23	Educational: First / native language: Spelling and vocabulary	1.3
YPCA4	Educational: First / native language: Grammar and punctuation
YPCA5	Educational: First / native language: Speaking skills
YPCA9	Educational: First / native language: Literature studies
YPCA91	Educational: First / native language: School editions of literature texts Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers and subject codes from YF* to specify the type of literature text		1.4
YPCK	Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages Use all YPCK* codes with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
YPCK2	Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Language learning Use for: language teaching and learning material and coursework		1.4
YPCK21	Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Language learning: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation	1.3	1.4
YPCK22	Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Language learning: readers Use for: purpose-written or simplified versions of texts for language learners, usually graded by language level and breadth of vocabulary. Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers, and other Children’s and Teenage subject codes to indicate if they are stories (YF*) or general interest	1.3	1.4
YPCK9	Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Literature studies		1.4
YPCK91	Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: School editions of literature texts Use with: LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers and subject codes from YF* to specify the type literature text		1.4
YPCS	Educational: Classical and ancient languages Use all YPCS* codes with: LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
YPCS4	Educational: Classical and ancient languages: Language learning
YPCS9	Educational: Classical and ancient languages: Literature studies
YPCS91	Educational: Classical and ancient languages: School editions of classical texts Use with: PLACE 1*, LANGUAGE 2* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers to specify the kind of the literature text		1.4
YPJ	Educational: Humanities and social sciences, general
YPJH	Educational: History Use with: PLACE 1*, TIME PERIOD 3* and EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.3
YPJJ	Educational: Social sciences, social studies
YPJJ1	Educational: Politics and constitution
YPJJ3	Educational: Citizenship and social education Class here: civics		1.3
YPJJ4	Educational: Local / integrated studies Use for: material for pupils that teach a mixture of subjects, often linked to the place where they are living and including its customs, history, geography, natural history etc	1.3
YPJJ5	Educational: Psychology
YPJJ6	Educational: Personal and health education Class here: life skills, personal health, wellbeing, relationships, personal care, personal safety. Use with: Other YX* codes as appropriate. YXR for safety, YXAX for sex education	1.3
YPJK	Educational: Media studies Class here: schoolbooks on film studies, new media, television, electronic communication	1.3
YPJL	Educational: Philosophy and ethics		1.3
YPJM	Educational: Law / legal studies Use for: any material that deals with legal science, the law, specific types of law at a secondary school level	1.3
YPJN	Educational: Religious studies YNR Children’s / Teenage general interest: Philosophy, Religion and beliefs
YPJN1	Educational: Religious studies: Hinduism YNRD Children’s / Teenage general interest: Hinduism
YPJN2	Educational: Religious studies: Buddhism YNRF Children’s / Teenage general interest: Buddhism
YPJN3	Educational: Religious studies: Judaism YNRJ Children’s / Teenage general interest: Judaism
YPJN4	Educational: Religious studies: Christianity YNRM Children’s / Teenage general interest: Christianity
YPJN5	Educational: Religious studies: Islam YNRP Children’s / Teenage general interest: Islam
YPJN9	Educational: Religious studies: Other religions YNRR Children’s / Teenage general interest: Other religions and spiritual traditions
YPJT	Educational: Geography
YPJV	Educational: Business studies and economics
YPJV1	Educational: Economics	1.3
YPJV2	Educational: Business administration and office skills Class here: workplace practices. Use for: educational material that covers any aspect of business administration	1.3
YPJV3	Educational: Accounting	1.3
YPM	Educational: Mathematics, science and technology, general Class here: STEM learning, STEAM education		1.4
YPMF	Educational: Mathematics and numeracy
YPMF1	Educational: Mathematics and numeracy: arithmetic / times tables		1.3
YPMP	Educational: Sciences, general science
YPMP1	Educational: Biology
YPMP3	Educational: Chemistry
YPMP5	Educational: Physics
YPMP51	Educational: Astronomy	1.3
YPMP6	Educational: Environmental science	1.3
YPMT	Educational: Technology
YPMT2	Educational: Design and technology Class here: Educational: product design		1.3
YPMT3	Educational: Engineering Class here: Educational: vehicle engineering and technology. Use for: Engineering courses taught at secondary level. Use with: T* codes for more specialised engineering material	1.3	1.4
YPMT4	Educational: Food technology, cooking skills Class here: Educational: nutrition, food preparation and cookery, food safety YPWC4 Educational: Hospitality, catering, leisure and tourism		1.4
YPMT5	Educational: Electronics Class here: Educational: electronic products, systems and technology, electricity	1.3
YPMT6	Educational: IT and computing, ICT Class here: digital competencies or skills, coding or programming classes		1.4
YPMT7	Educational: Technical drawing	1.3
YPMT8	Educational: Woodwork, metalwork, etc	1.3
YPW	Educational: Vocational and other subjects Use for: material aimed at pupils in primary or secondary education. Use with: other subject categories to give more precise detail for specialised materials for pupils, especially from the T* section. Use with: appropriate EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* qualifiers		1.4
YPWB	Educational: Family and consumer sciences / domestic management Use for: material for pupils that deal with the economics and management of the home, the family and relationships with the wider community	1.3
YPWC	Educational: Other vocational education and training Use for: all vocational subjects taught at secondary level schools not listed separately. Use with: other subject codes to give more precise detail for specialised materials for pupils, especially the T* section. Use with: appropriate EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE 4* qualifiers		1.4
YPWC1	Educational: Health and social care Use for: material for pupils about professions linked to health and social care	1.3
YPWC2	Educational: Child care / Child development Use for: material for pupils about professions linked to child care	1.3
YPWC3	Educational: Sales and retail skills Use for: material for pupils about sales / retail sector	1.3
YPWC4	Educational: Hospitality, catering, leisure and tourism Use for: material for pupils about the leisure industry, travel, tourism, hotels, food and drinks service YPMT4 Educational: Food technology, cooking skills	1.3	1.4
YPWC5	Educational: Hairdressing, salon and beauty therapy skills	1.3
YPWC9	Educational: Work experience / Careers Use for: material for pupils about the world of work, the skills needed, placements	1.3
YPWD	Educational: Construction, building and related skills Class here: Built Environment, Building Engineering. Use for: material for pupils about topics in the construction and related sectors. Use with: TN* codes to give detail for more specialised material TNT Building skills and trades	1.4
YPWE	Educational: Agriculture, horticulture and related subjects Class here: fishing, forestry, animal care and management, arboriculture, countryside management, blacksmithing, etc. Use for: material for pupils about topics in the rural or land-based sectors. Use with: TV* codes to give detail for more specialised material	1.4
YPWF	Educational: Physical education Class here: Sports studies, gym class, physical training (PT). Use for: material for pupils related to maintaining the human body through physical exercises and sports		1.3
YPWG	Educational: Transport, logistics and related skills Class here: distribution, driving skills. Use for: material for pupils about topics in these sectors. Use with: T* or K* codes to give detail for more specialised material TR* Transport technology and trades	1.4
YPWL	Educational: General studies, educational skills and competencies Use for: educational material that takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the world the student lives in or teaches pupils general skills or competencies		1.4
YPWL1	Educational: General knowledge Use for: educational material that gives a broad sweep of general knowledge or culture or teaches cultural awareness and expression	1.4
YPWL2	Educational: Study skills Use for: general material that teaches skills needed for studying or learning efficiently, such as functional skills, learning techniques, organizational skills, writing techniques, note taking etc	1.4
YPWL3	Educational: Memory skills and creative thinking Use for: general material that teaches pupils thinking skills, including initiative	1.4
YPWL4	Educational: Social and life skills Use for: general material that teaches pupils skills for interaction with others or dealing with daily life	1.4
YPWN	Educational: Uniformed public or protective services Use for: material aimed at pupils preparing for one of the uniformed public or protective services, such as the fire service, paramedics, police or armed services. Use with: JKSW* or JWC* codes to give detail for more specialised material	1.4
YPZ	Educational: study and revision guides Use for: ALL study and revision guides or supplementary workbook / exercise books for primary and secondary education, notes or resumes of texts or subjects meant to help students study or revise a particular aspect of a subject or a specific work. Use with: relevant YP* code above indicating subject where possible		1.4
YPZN	Educational: Non-Verbal reasoning Use for: material about problem solving using pictures and diagrams, visual reasoning	1.3	1.4
YPZP	Educational: Verbal reasoning Use for: material about problem solving using words and letters	1.3	1.4
YR	Children’s / Teenage reference material
YRD	Children’s / Teenage reference: Dictionaries and Languages Class here: monolingual dictionaries for school or home use, other language reference works and titles about languages. Use all YRD* codes with:LANGUAGE 2* Qualifiers, as appropriate. Prefer: YPC* codes for materials for use in a formal educational structure		1.4
YRDC	Children’s / Teenage reference: Picture dictionaries		1.3
YRDL	Children’s / Teenage reference: Bilingual / multilingual dictionaries		1.3
YRDM	Children’s / Teenage reference: Non-native or second language study and reference Class here: self-study or home language learning materials, word or vocabulary books etc. Use for: any titles, independent of format, aimed at helping young people learn or improve non-maternal language skills	1.3	1.4
YRE	Children’s / Teenage reference: Encyclopaedias, general reference Use for: non-subject-specific works only; for subject-specific reference works, use YRG
YRG	Children’s / Teenage reference: Subject-specific reference Class here: subject specific dictionaries / glossaries. Use with: another Y* code indicating the subject or scope of the reference work, YP* codes for material designed for education		1.4
YRW	Children’s / Teenage reference: Atlases and maps Use for: collections of maps for children, atlases that present different topics for children. Use with: other Y* codes as appropriate. Use with: PLACE 1* Qualifiers, as appropriate		1.4
YX	Children’s / Teenage: Personal and social topics Use all YX* codes for: alone or with other Y* codes indicating type of book. Use with: appropriate YF* code for fiction dealing with these topics or issues		1.3
YXA	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Body and health Use for: popular health approaches to the human body or specific parts of the body. Use with: YXL* codes for mental health topics linked to the body, such as body image		1.4
YXAB	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Fitness, exercise and healthy eating Class here: personal health, taking care of teeth, looking after your body, being active, food and health, nutrition, veganism, vegetarianism	1.3	1.4
YXAX	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Sex education and the facts of life Use for: works that discuss or explain aspects of sex and sexuality advice including, but not limited to, puberty and changes to the body, consent, sexual relationships, physical intimacy, sexual health		1.4
YXB	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: LGBTQ+ Use with: 5PSG, 5PSL, 5PT INTEREST Qualifiers as appropriate or YF* codes for stories that are about these topics	1.3	1.4
YXC	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Gender identity Use for: titles that deal with anything to do with gender for young people, for example what it means to be a girl or boy or questions about identity. Use with: other codes as appropriate to give more information YNMF Children’s / Teenage general interest: Girls and women, YNMH Children’s / Teenage general interest: Boys and men	1.3
YXD	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Self-awareness and self-esteem Class here: self-discovery, self-knowledge, self-worth, self-image, self-identity		1.4
YXE	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Emotions, moods and feelings Class here: understanding fears, happiness, solidarity, sadness, empathy, alienation, frustration, anger, insecurity, kindness, love, anxiety etc		1.4
YXF	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Families and family members Class here: mothers, fathers, parents and step-parents, grandparents, relatives, blended families, extended family members etc. Use for: works about families, issues in families, particular members of a family, etc		1.4
YXFD	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Divorce, separation, family break-up		1.3
YXFF	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Adoption / fostering Class here: orphans	1.3
YXFR	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: siblings Class here: brothers, sisters, step and half brothers and sisters	1.4
YXFS	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: New baby Class here: new brother, new sister, new sibling	1.3	1.4
YXG	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Death and bereavement Class here: grief and loss		1.4
YXGS	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Suicide	1.2	1.3
YXH	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Relationships (non-family) Use for: relationships within peer or social groups		1.3
YXHB	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Friends and friendships Class here: making new friends, friendship groups, issues around relationships with friends YFM Children’s / Teenage fiction: Relationship stories – Romance, love or friendship		1.4
YXHL	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Dating, relationships, romance and love		1.4
YXHP	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Life skills and choices Class here: manners, behaviour, dilemmas, consequences, responsibilities, skills for interacting with modern life, other people, following or not following rules, etc	1.4
YXHY	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Teenage pregnancy		1.3
YXJ	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Drugs and addiction		1.3
YXK	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Disability, impairments and special needs Class here: physical disabilities and impairments, visible or invisible disabilities or conditions, wheelchair users etc. Use with: 5PM* Qualifiers as appropriate		1.4
YXL	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Physical and mental health conditions Use all YXL* codes for: titles aimed either at young people who have a particular condition or to help understand others who have a particular condition. Use all YXL* codes with: 5PM* Qualifiers as appropriate	1.2	1.4
YXLB	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Illness and specific physical health conditions Class here: living with disease and long-term physical conditions, injuries	1.3
YXLB1	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Cancer	1.3
YXLD	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Mental health Class here: mental disorders	1.3
YXLD1	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Eating disorders	1.3
YXLD2	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Anxiety, depression and self-harm Class here: panic attacks	1.3
YXLD6	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Positive / good mental health Class here: mindfulness	1.3
YXM	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: multicultural Use for: works on social and cultural topics linked to multiculturalism, multicultural societies	1.4
YXN	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Racism Class here: xenophobia. Use for: works about discrimination and prejudice based on skin colour, race or ethnic origin, or prejudices based on the perception that someone is foreign or from outside the community, and issues of inequality and discrimination, as well as measures to address racism JBFA1 Racism and racial discrimination		1.4
YXP	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Diversity and inclusion Use for: books that deal with these topics and stories with a particularly diverse cast of characters, or which illustrate inclusivity within the context of the story without necessarily being the subject of the story. Use with: YF* codes for stories and values from 5P* INTEREST Qualifiers as appropriate	1.3	1.4
YXPB	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Prejudice and intolerance Class here: discrimination	1.3
YXQ	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Bullying, violence, abuse and peer pressure		1.3
YXQD	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Abuse Class here: physical, mental, emotional or sexual abuse, coercive control, domestic abuse	1.3	1.4
YXQF	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Bullying and harassment Class here: online trolling and bullying, coercion	1.3	1.4
YXR	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Personal safety Class here: dealing with strangers, road safety, safety in the home etc	1.1	1.3
YXS	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Runaways Class here: homelessness	1.1	1.3
YXT	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: Truancy and school problems		1.3
YXV	Teenage personal and social topics: Advice on careers and further education, leaving school Use for: titles about work, jobs, careers, professions aimed at a young audience but not educational YPJV2 Educational: Business administration and office skills, YPWC9 Educational: Work experience / Careers		1.3
YXW	Children’s / Teenage personal and social topics: First experiences and growing up Class here: coming of age	1.3	1.4
YXZ	Children’s / Teenage: Social issues Class here: social activism. Use for: titles that deal with directly the topics. Use with: YF* codes for stories that are about these topics		1.4
YXZG	Children’s / Teenage social issues: Environment and green issues Class here: looking after our planet, climate change, pollution, rubbish, plastics, recycling, sustainability, climate emergency, climate strikes, environmental champions, looking after our future, protecting nature, conservation		1.4
YXZM	Children’s / Teenage social issues: Migration and refugees Class here: asylum seekers, immigrants and immigration, emigrants and emigration	1.2	1.4
YXZR	Children’s / Teenage social issues: Religious issues
YXZW	Children’s / Teenage social issues: War and conflict issues
YZ	Children’s / Teenage stationery and miscellaneous items Use all YZ* codes for: products such as stationery and non-book articles for children or adolescents that would not be categorised using another Y* subject category as a primary or main subject. Use with: other subject codes as appropriate but YZ* should be the main or principal code. Details of formats are conveyed in other product metadata		1.4
YZG	Children’s gift books Use for: books, typically small format and of a decorative, humorous or inspirational nature, intended to be given as gifts to children		1.4
YZS	Children’s stationery items Class here: any printed stationery item, diaries, calendars, posters, kits, postcard packs, bookmarks, etc intended for children; assign also another code indicating subject where possible WZS Stationery items	1.1
YZSG	Children’s / Teenage stationery items: thematic journals and notebooks Use for: journals that you fill in, which have some pre-printed text or images to inspire what to write or note down. Use with: another secondary code indicating a subject where appropriate. Use with: INTEREST AGE 5A* Qualifiers and another secondary code indicating subject where appropriate	1.4
YZSN	Blank children’s stationery items Class here: blank exercise books, autograph books and other content-free items for children WZSN Blank stationery items	1.1
1	Place qualifiers Use PLACE 1* Qualifier codes WITH appropriate subject codes for: indicating the geographical scope and applicability of the content, such as the location of a travel guide, the setting of a novel, the jurisdiction to which laws apply, the history of a particular place, etc. Where options exist, e.g. terms representing actual, historical, cultural, administrative, or geophysical entities, use the expression that best suits the content. Where no code exists for a specific location, use the nearest most appropriate broader code that includes it. DO NOT USE: to indicate any geographical aspect that is not to do with the content or subject of a book (e.g. place of publication, market availability, nationality of author – this is described in other metadata, etc). National extensions (i.e. 1*-xx- format codes, where ‘xx’ indicates a country code) can be assigned by any user, and are not exclusive to users in the indicated country. This section is not intended as an exhaustive gazetteer of all places but a list of commonly used locations in the global book supply chain. DO NOT USE: code “1” itself, but select appropriate specific qualifiers from section 1*		1.4
1A	World Use for: indicating a specifically global context	1.2
1D	Europe
1DD	Western Europe
1DDB	Belgium
1DDB‑BE‑B	Brussels		1.2.2
1DDB‑BE‑F	Flanders		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑FA	Antwerp (Province)		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑FAA	Antwerp		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑FB	Flemish Brabant		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑FBA	Leuven
1DDB‑BE‑FC	Limburg (BE)		1.2.8
1DDB‑BE‑FCA	Hasselt
1DDB‑BE‑FD	East Flanders		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑FDA	Ghent		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑FE	West Flanders		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑FEA	Bruges		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑W	Wallonia / Wallonie		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WA	Wallonian Brabant		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WAA	Wavre
1DDB‑BE‑WB	Hainaut		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WBA	Mons		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WBB	Charleroi
1DDB‑BE‑WC	Liège (Province)		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WCA	Liège		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WD	Luxembourg (Province)		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WDA	Arlon / Arlen		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WE	Namur (Province)		1.2.6
1DDB‑BE‑WEA	Namur		1.2.6
1DDF	France
1DDF‑FR‑X	Regions of France	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XA	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑C	Auvergne Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CA	Allier
1DDF‑FR‑CAA	Moulins
1DDF‑FR‑CAB	Montluçon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CAC	Vichy	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CB	Cantal
1DDF‑FR‑CBA	Aurillac
1DDF‑FR‑CBB	Mauriac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CBC	Saint-Flour	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CC	Haute-Loire
1DDF‑FR‑CCA	Le Puy-en-Velay Class here: Velay		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CCB	Brioude	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CCC	Yssingeaux	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CD	Puy-de-Dôme Class here: Chaîne des Puys		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CDA	Clermont-Ferrand
1DDF‑FR‑CDB	Ambert	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CDC	Issoire	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CDD	Riom	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑CDE	Thiers	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑V	Rhône-Alpes		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VA	Ain
1DDF‑FR‑VAA	Bourg-en-Bresse Class here: Bresse		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VAB	Belley	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VAC	Gex	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VAD	Nantua	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VB	Ardèche Class here: Vivarais		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VBA	Privas
1DDF‑FR‑VBB	Largentière	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VBC	Tournon-sur-Rhône	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VC	Drôme
1DDF‑FR‑VCA	Valence
1DDF‑FR‑VCB	Die	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VCC	Nyons	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VD	Isère
1DDF‑FR‑VDA	Grenoble
1DDF‑FR‑VDB	La Tour-du-Pin	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VDC	Vienne (Isère)	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VE	Loire 1DDF-FR-ZL The Loire and the Loire Valley
1DDF‑FR‑VEA	Saint-Étienne
1DDF‑FR‑VEB	Montbrison	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VEC	Roanne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VF	Rhône
1DDF‑FR‑VFA	Lyon Class here: Lyonnais		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VFB	Villefranche-sur-Saône	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VG	Savoy Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VGA	Chambéry
1DDF‑FR‑VGB	Albertville	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VGC	Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VH	Haute-Savoie
1DDF‑FR‑VHA	Annecy Class here: Lake Annecy		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VHB	Bonneville	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VHC	Chamonix 1DZTA-FR-B Mont Blanc Massif	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VHD	Saint-Julien-en-Genevois	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑VHE	Thonon-les-Bains	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XAZ	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XAZB	Bourbonnais Class here: Bourbon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XAZF	Forez / Livradois	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XAZG	Beaujolais	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XAZH	Dauphiné / Dauphiny	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XAZK	Chablais	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XB	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑E	Burgundy		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑EA	Côte-d’Or
1DDF‑FR‑EAA	Dijon
1DDF‑FR‑EAB	Beaune	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑EAC	Montbard	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑EB	Nièvre Class here: Nivernais		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑EBA	Nevers
1DDF‑FR‑EBB	Château-Chinon and the Morvan	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑EBC	Clamecy	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑EBD	Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑EC	Saône-et-Loire
1DDF‑FR‑ECA	Mâcon and the Mâconnais Class here: Cluny		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ECB	Autun	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ECC	Chalon-sur-Saône and the Chalonnais	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ECD	Charolles and the Charolais	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ECE	Louhans	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ED	Yonne
1DDF‑FR‑EDA	Auxerre
1DDF‑FR‑EDB	Avallon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑J	Franche-Comté Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑JA	Doubs
1DDF‑FR‑JAA	Montbéliard	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑JAB	Besançon
1DDF‑FR‑JAC	Pontarlier	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑JB	Jura (39) 1DZT-FR-J Jura Mountains
1DDF‑FR‑JBA	Lons-le-Saunier
1DDF‑FR‑JBB	Dole	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑JBC	Saint-Claude	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑JC	Haute-Saône
1DDF‑FR‑JCA	Vesoul
1DDF‑FR‑JCB	Lure	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑JD	Territoire de Belfort
1DDF‑FR‑JDA	Belfort
1DDF‑FR‑XC	Occitanie	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑M	Languedoc-Roussillon		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MA	Aude
1DDF‑FR‑MAA	Carcassonne
1DDF‑FR‑MAB	Limoux	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MAC	Narbonne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MAD	Rennes-le-Château	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MB	Gard
1DDF‑FR‑MBA	Nîmes Class here: Pont du Gard		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MBB	Alès	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MBC	Le Vigan	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MC	Hérault
1DDF‑FR‑MCA	Montpellier
1DDF‑FR‑MCB	Béziers	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MCC	Lodève	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MD	Lozère
1DDF‑FR‑MDA	Mende
1DDF‑FR‑MDB	Florac Trois Rivières	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ME	Pyrénées-Orientales
1DDF‑FR‑MEA	Perpignan
1DDF‑FR‑MEB	Céret	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑MEC	Prades	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑P	Midi-Pyrénées		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PA	Ariège
1DDF‑FR‑PAA	Foix Class here: County of Foix		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PAB	Pamiers	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PAC	Saint-Girons Class here: Couserans	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PB	Aveyron Class here: Rouergue		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PBA	Rodez
1DDF‑FR‑PBB	Millau	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PBC	Villefranche-de-Rouergue	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PC	Haute-Garonne
1DDF‑FR‑PCA	Toulouse Class here: Toulousain		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PCB	Muret	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PCC	Saint-Gaudens Class here: Comminges	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PD	Gers
1DDF‑FR‑PDA	Auch
1DDF‑FR‑PDB	Condom	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PDC	Mirande	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PE	Lot
1DDF‑FR‑PEA	Cahors
1DDF‑FR‑PEB	Figeac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PEC	Gourdon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PF	Hautes-Pyrénées Class here: Bigorre, Lavedan, vallées des Gaves		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PFA	Tarbes
1DDF‑FR‑PFB	Argelès-Gazost	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PFC	Bagnères-de-Bigorre	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PFD	Lourdes	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PG	Tarn
1DDF‑FR‑PGA	Albi
1DDF‑FR‑PGB	Castres	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑PH	Tarn-et-Garonne
1DDF‑FR‑PHA	Montauban
1DDF‑FR‑PHB	Castelsarrasin	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZ	Occitanie: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZA	Armagnac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZB	Aubrac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZC	Cévennes	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZG	Gévaudan	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZL	Languedoc	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZM	Canal du Midi	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZN	Causses Class here: Grandes Causses	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZQ	Quercy	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XCZR	Roussillion	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XE	Grand-Est	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑A	Alsace Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑AA	Bas-Rhin
1DDF‑FR‑AAA	Strasbourg
1DDF‑FR‑AAB	Haguenau	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑AAC	Molsheim	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑AAD	Saverne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑AAE	Sélestat	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑AB	Haut-Rhin
1DDF‑FR‑ABA	Colmar
1DDF‑FR‑ABB	Altkirch	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ABC	Mulhouse	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ABD	Thann	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑H	Champagne-Ardenne		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HA	Ardennes Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HAA	Sedan	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HAB	Charleville-Mézières Class here: Givet		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HAC	Rethel	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HAD	Vouziers	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HB	Aube
1DDF‑FR‑HBA	Troyes
1DDF‑FR‑HBB	Bar-sur-Aube	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HBC	Nogent-sur-Seine	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HC	Marne
1DDF‑FR‑HCA	Châlons-en-Champagne
1DDF‑FR‑HCB	Épernay	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HCC	Reims	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HCD	Sainte-Menehould	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HCE	Vitry-le-François	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HD	Haute-Marne
1DDF‑FR‑HDA	Chaumont
1DDF‑FR‑HDB	Langres	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑HDC	Saint-Dizier	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑O	Lorraine Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OA	Meurthe-et-Moselle
1DDF‑FR‑OAA	Nancy
1DDF‑FR‑OAB	Lunéville	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OAC	Toul	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OAD	Val-de-Briey	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OB	Meuse
1DDF‑FR‑OBA	Bar-le-Duc
1DDF‑FR‑OBB	Commercy	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OBC	Verdun	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OC	Moselle
1DDF‑FR‑OCA	Metz
1DDF‑FR‑OCB	Thionville	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OCC	Sarreguemines	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OCD	Sarrebourg	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OCE	Forbach	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑OD	Vosges
1DDF‑FR‑ODA	Épinal
1DDF‑FR‑ODB	Neufchâteau	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ODC	Saint-Dié-des-Vosges	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XEZ	Grand-Est: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XEZC	Champagne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XEZV	Vosges Mountains	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑F	Brittany Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FA	Côtes-d’Armor
1DDF‑FR‑FAA	Saint-Brieuc
1DDF‑FR‑FAB	Dinan	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FAC	Guingamp	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FAD	Lannion	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FB	Finistère
1DDF‑FR‑FBA	Quimper
1DDF‑FR‑FBB	Brest	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FBC	Châteaulin	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FBD	Morlaix	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FC	Ille-et-Vilaine
1DDF‑FR‑FCA	Rennes
1DDF‑FR‑FCB	Fougères	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FCC	Redon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FCD	Saint-Malo	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FD	Morbihan
1DDF‑FR‑FDA	Vannes
1DDF‑FR‑FDB	Lorient	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FDC	Pontivy	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FDD	Carnac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FZ	Brittany: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑FZC	Cornouaille	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑G	Centre-Val de Loire		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GA	Cher
1DDF‑FR‑GAA	Saint-Amand-Montrond	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GAB	Bourges
1DDF‑FR‑GAC	Vierzon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GAD	Sancerre Class here: Sancerrois	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GB	Eure-et-Loir
1DDF‑FR‑GBA	Chartres
1DDF‑FR‑GBB	Châteaudun Class here: Dunois	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GBC	Dreux	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GBD	Nogent-le-Rotrou	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GC	Indre
1DDF‑FR‑GCA	Châteauroux
1DDF‑FR‑GCB	Le Blanc	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GCC	La Châtre	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GCD	Issoudun	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GD	Indre-et-Loire
1DDF‑FR‑GDA	Tours
1DDF‑FR‑GDB	Chinon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GDC	Loches	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GE	Loir-et-Cher
1DDF‑FR‑GEA	Blois Class here: Blesois		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GEB	Romorantin-Lanthenay	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GEC	Vendôme	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GF	Loiret
1DDF‑FR‑GFA	Orléans Class here: Orléanais		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GFB	Montargis	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GFC	Pithiviers	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GZ	Centre-Val de Loire: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GZB	Berry	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GZS	Sologne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑GZT	Touraine	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XH	Hauts-de-France	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑Q	Nord-Pas-de-Calais		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QA	Nord
1DDF‑FR‑QAA	Lille
1DDF‑FR‑QAB	Avesnes-sur-Helpe	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QAC	Cambrai	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QAD	Douai	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QAE	Dunkirk	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QAF	Valenciennes	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QB	Pas-de-Calais
1DDF‑FR‑QBA	Arras
1DDF‑FR‑QBB	Béthune	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QBC	Boulogne Class here: Boulogne-sur-Mer	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QBD	Calais	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QBE	Lens	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QBF	Montreuil	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑QBG	Saint-Omer	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑S	Picardy Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SA	Aisne
1DDF‑FR‑SAA	Laon
1DDF‑FR‑SAB	Château-Thierry	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SAC	Saint-Quentin	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SAD	Soissons	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SAE	Vervins	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SB	Oise
1DDF‑FR‑SBA	Beauvais
1DDF‑FR‑SBB	Clermont	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SBC	Compiègne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SBD	Senlis	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SC	Somme
1DDF‑FR‑SCA	Amiens
1DDF‑FR‑SCB	Abbeville	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SCC	Montdidier	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑SCD	Péronne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XHZ	Hauts-de-France: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XHZA	Artois	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑I	Corsica Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑IA	Corse-du-Sud
1DDF‑FR‑IAA	Ajaccio
1DDF‑FR‑IAB	Sartène	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑IB	Haute-Corse
1DDF‑FR‑IBA	Bastia
1DDF‑FR‑IBB	Calvi	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑IBC	Corte	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑L	Île-de-France Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LA	Paris (Region)		1.4
1DDF‑FR‑LAA	Paris (city)		1.4
1DDF‑FR‑LB	Seine-et-Marne
1DDF‑FR‑LBA	Melun
1DDF‑FR‑LBB	Fontainebleau	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LBC	Meaux	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LBD	Provins	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LBE	Torcy	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LC	Yvelines
1DDF‑FR‑LCA	Versailles
1DDF‑FR‑LCB	Mantes-la-Jolie	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LCC	Rambouillet	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LCD	Saint-Germain-en-Laye	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LD	Essonne
1DDF‑FR‑LDA	Évry
1DDF‑FR‑LDB	Étampes	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LDC	Palaiseau	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LE	Hauts-de-Seine
1DDF‑FR‑LEA	Nanterre
1DDF‑FR‑LEB	Antony	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LEC	Boulogne-Billancourt	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LF	Seine-Saint-Denis
1DDF‑FR‑LFA	Bobigny
1DDF‑FR‑LFB	Le Raincy	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LFC	Saint-Denis	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LG	Val-de-Marne
1DDF‑FR‑LGA	Créteil
1DDF‑FR‑LGB	L’Haÿ-les-Roses	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LGC	Nogent-sur-Marne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LH	Val-d’Oise
1DDF‑FR‑LHA	Pontoise
1DDF‑FR‑LHB	Argenteuil	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LHC	Sarcelles	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LZ	Île-de-France: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LZB	Brie	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑LZV	Vexin	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XN	Normandy Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑D	Basse-Normandie		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DA	Calvados
1DDF‑FR‑DAA	Caen
1DDF‑FR‑DAB	Bayeux	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DAC	Lisieux	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DAD	Vire-Normandie	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DB	Manche Class here: Contentin / Cherbourg Peninsula		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DBA	Saint-Lô
1DDF‑FR‑DBB	Avranches	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DBC	Cherbourg-en-Cotentin	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DBD	Coutances	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DBE	Mont Saint-Michel	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DC	Orne
1DDF‑FR‑DCA	Alençon
1DDF‑FR‑DCB	Argentan	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑DCC	Mortagne-au-Perche	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑K	Haute-Normandie		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑KA	Eure
1DDF‑FR‑KAA	Évreux
1DDF‑FR‑KAB	Les Andelys	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑KAC	Bernay	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑KB	Seine-Maritime
1DDF‑FR‑KBA	Rouen
1DDF‑FR‑KBB	Dieppe	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑KBC	Le Havre	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XNZ	Normandy: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XNZB	Normandy Beaches	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XNZD	Perche	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XNZF	Pays d’Auge	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XNZH	Pays de Caux	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQ	Nouvelle-Aquitaine	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑B	Aquitaine Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BA	Dordogne 1DDF-FR-Z France: Places of interest
1DDF‑FR‑BAA	Périgueux
1DDF‑FR‑BAB	Bergerac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BAC	Nontron	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BAD	Sarlat-la-Canéda	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BB	Gironde
1DDF‑FR‑BBA	Bordeaux
1DDF‑FR‑BBB	Arcachon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BBC	Blaye	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BBD	Langon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BBE	Lesparre-Médoc	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BBF	Libourne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BBG	Saint-Émilion	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BC	Landes
1DDF‑FR‑BCA	Mont-de-Marsan
1DDF‑FR‑BCB	Dax	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BD	Lot-et-Garonne
1DDF‑FR‑BDA	Agen
1DDF‑FR‑BDB	Marmande	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BDC	Nérac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BDD	Villeneuve-sur-Lot	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BE	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
1DDF‑FR‑BEA	Pau
1DDF‑FR‑BEB	Bayonne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BEC	Biarritz	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑BED	Oloron-Sainte-Marie	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑N	Limousin Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑NA	Corrèze
1DDF‑FR‑NAA	Tulle
1DDF‑FR‑NAB	Brive-la-Gaillarde	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑NAC	Ussel	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑NB	Creuse
1DDF‑FR‑NBA	Guéret
1DDF‑FR‑NBB	Aubusson	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑NC	Haute-Vienne
1DDF‑FR‑NCA	Limoges
1DDF‑FR‑NCB	Bellac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑NCC	Rochechouart	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑T	Poitou-Charentes		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TA	Charente
1DDF‑FR‑TAA	Angoulême Class here: Angoumois		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TAB	Cognac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TAC	Confolens	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TB	Charente-Maritime
1DDF‑FR‑TBA	La Rochelle Class here: Aunis		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TBB	Jonzac	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TBC	Rochefort	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TBD	Saint-Jean-d’Angély	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TBE	Saintes Class here: Saintonge	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TC	Deux-Sèvres
1DDF‑FR‑TCA	Niort
1DDF‑FR‑TCB	Bressuire	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TCC	Parthenay	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TD	Vienne (86)
1DDF‑FR‑TDA	Poitiers
1DDF‑FR‑TDB	Châtellerault	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑TDC	Montmorillon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZ	Nouvelle-Aquitaine: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZB	Béarn	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZD	Gascony	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZG	Guyenne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZH	Navarre (Lower)	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZJ	Périgord	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZK	Poitou	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZL	Lascaux Class here: Prehistoric sites and caves of the Vézère Valley	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑XQZM	La Marche (Province)	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑R	Pays de la Loire		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RA	Loire-Atlantique
1DDF‑FR‑RAA	Saint-Nazaire	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RAB	Nantes Class here: pays Nantais		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RAC	Châteaubriant	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RB	Maine-et-Loire
1DDF‑FR‑RBA	Angers
1DDF‑FR‑RBB	Saumur	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RBC	Cholet	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RBD	Segré	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RC	Mayenne
1DDF‑FR‑RCA	Laval
1DDF‑FR‑RCB	Château-Gontier	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RD	Sarthe
1DDF‑FR‑RDA	Le Mans
1DDF‑FR‑RDB	La Flèche	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RDC	Mamers	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RE	Vendée Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑REA	La Roche-sur-Yon
1DDF‑FR‑REB	Fontenay-le-Comte	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑REC	Les Sables-d’Olonne	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RZ	Pays de la Loire: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RZA	Anjou	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑RZM	Maine (province)	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑U	Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur		1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UA	Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
1DDF‑FR‑UAA	Digne-les-Bains
1DDF‑FR‑UAB	Barcelonnette	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UAC	Castellane	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UAD	Forcalquier	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UB	Hautes-Alpes
1DDF‑FR‑UBA	Gap
1DDF‑FR‑UBB	Briançon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UC	Alpes-Maritimes
1DDF‑FR‑UCA	Nice
1DDF‑FR‑UCB	Grasse	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UCC	Cannes	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UD	Bouches-du-Rhône
1DDF‑FR‑UDA	Marseille
1DDF‑FR‑UDB	Aix-en-Provence	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UDC	Arles	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UDD	Istres	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UE	Var
1DDF‑FR‑UEA	Toulon
1DDF‑FR‑UEB	Brignoles	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UEC	Saint-Tropez	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UED	Draguignan	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UF	Vaucluse
1DDF‑FR‑UFA	Avignon
1DDF‑FR‑UFB	Apt	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UFC	Carpentras Class here: Comtat Venaissin	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UFD	Orange Class here: principality of Orange. Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UZ	Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UZC	French Riviera / Côte d’Azur	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UZD	The Luberon	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UZF	Mercantour	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UZG	Camargue	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑UZP	Provence	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑Z	France: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ZB	The Seine Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and estuary, mouth or delta	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ZD	The Dordogne Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and estuary, mouth or delta	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ZL	The Loire and the Loire Valley Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and estuary, mouth or delta	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ZR	The Rhône Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and estuary, mouth or delta	1.2.6
1DDF‑FR‑ZS	Massif Central	1.2.6
1DDL	Luxembourg
1DDM	Monaco Class here: Monte Carlo		1.2.6
1DDN	Netherlands
1DDN‑NL‑A	Amsterdam
1DDN‑NL‑B	North Brabant		1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑BB	Breda	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑BE	Eindhoven	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑BH	s-Hertogenbosch	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑BT	Tilburg	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑D	Drenthe		1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑DA	Assen	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑DE	Emmen	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑F	Flevoland
1DDN‑NL‑FA	Almere	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑FL	Lelystad	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑G	Gelderland
1DDN‑NL‑GA	Arnhem	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑GD	Apeldoorn	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑GE	Ede	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑GN	Nijmegen	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑GR	Achterhoek Class here: Doesburg, Doetinchem, Winterswijk, Zutphen	1.4
1DDN‑NL‑GS	Betuwe (Batavia)	1.4
1DDN‑NL‑GV	Veluwe Class here: Hoge Veluwe National Park	1.4
1DDN‑NL‑H	North Holland		1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑HH	Haarlem	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑HM	Alkmaar	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑L	Limburg (NL)		1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑LM	Maastricht	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑LV	Venlo	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑N	Groningen (province)		1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑NG	Groningen	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑R	Friesland
1DDN‑NL‑RL	Leeuwarden	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑S	South Holland		1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑SA	Alphen aan den Rijn	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑SC	Dordrecht	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑SD	Delft	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑SH	The Hague	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑SL	Leiden	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑SR	Rotterdam	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑SZ	Zoetermeer	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑U	Utrecht (province)		1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑UA	Amersfoort	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑UU	Utrecht	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑UV	Utrechtse Heuvelrug (Utrecht Hill Ridge) Use for: the national park or the area	1.4
1DDN‑NL‑V	Overijssel
1DDN‑NL‑VE	Enschede	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑VT	Twente	1.4
1DDN‑NL‑VZ	Zwolle	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑X	Netherlands: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.4
1DDN‑NL‑XB	Groene Hart	1.4
1DDN‑NL‑XD	IJsselmeer	1.4.2
1DDN‑NL‑XF	West Frisian Islands Class here: Wadden Islands 1DFG-DE-VAP East Frisia	1.4.2
1DDN‑NL‑Z	Zeeland
1DDN‑NL‑ZG	Goes	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑ZM	Middelburg	1.2.8
1DDN‑NL‑ZV	Vlissingen	1.2.8
1DDR	Ireland
1DDR‑IE‑C	Connaught	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑CG	County Galway Class here: Aran Islands, Inishmore, Inis Mór, Inishmaan	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑CGC	Connemara	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑CGD	The Twelve Bens	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑CGG	Galway	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑CL	Leitrim	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑CM	Mayo Class here: Croagh Patrick, Achill Island	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑CR	Roscommon	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑CS	Sligo	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑L	Leinster	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LC	Carlow	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LD	County Dublin	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LDD	Dublin	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LH	Louth Class here: Cooley mountains	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑LI	Wicklow	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LIM	The Wicklow Mountains Class here: Glendalough	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑LK	Kildare	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LL	Laois	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LM	Meath Class here: Kells, Hill of Tara	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑LMN	Newgrange Class here: Brú na Bóinne, Knowth, Dowth, Boyne Valley	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑LN	Longford	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LO	Offaly Class here: Clonmacnoise	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑LW	Westmeath	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LX	Wexford	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑LY	Kilkenny	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑M	Munster	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MC	County Cork	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MCC	Cork	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MK	Kerry Class here: Skellig Michael, The Blaskets	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑MKD	Dingle Peninsula	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MKK	Killarney	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MKR	Ring of Kerry	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MKS	Macgillycuddy’s Reeks Class here: Iveragh Peninsula, Carrauntoohil	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑ML	Clare	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MLB	The Burren Class here: Cliffs of Moher	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑MM	County Limerick	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MML	Limerick	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑MT	Tipperary Class here: Cashel	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑MW	Waterford	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑U	Ulster Use for: the nine counties of Ulster, three in Ireland and six in the U.K. 1DDU-GB-N Northern Ireland	1.2.6	1.3
1DDR‑IE‑UC	Cavan	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑UD	Donegal	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑UM	Monaghan	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑Z	Ireland: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDR‑IE‑ZA	Atlantic Coast of Ireland Class here: Wild Atlantic Way	1.2.6	1.4
1DDR‑IE‑ZS	The Shannon Class here: the river, its tributaries, the valley and estuary	1.2.6
1DDU	United Kingdom, Great Britain
1DDU‑GB‑E	England
1DDU‑GB‑EA	East Anglia
1DDU‑GB‑EAC	Cambridgeshire Class here: Peterborough, Huntingdon, Ely		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EACD	Cambridge	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EAN	Norfolk Class here: Norwich, Kings Lynn, Yarmouth		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EAS	Suffolk Class here: Ipswich, Lowestoft, Newmarket, Bury St Edmunds, Felixstowe, Sutton Hoo		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EAX	Essex Class here: Colchester, Southend, Chelmsford, Epping		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EAZ	East Anglia: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EAZF	The Fens and the Wash	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EAZN	Norfolk Broads	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EM	Midlands
1DDU‑GB‑EMD	Derbyshire Class here: Bakewell, Buxton, Chatsworth, Chesterfield 1DDU-GB-EMZD The Peak District		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMDD	Derby	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMF	Herefordshire Class here: Hereford, Ross-on-Wye		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMH	Leicestershire Class here: Melton Mowbray, Bosworth		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMHL	Leicester	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EML	Lincolnshire Class here: South Humberside, Grimsby, Scunthorpe, Skegness, Stamford		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMLL	Lincoln (UK)	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMM	Northamptonshire Class here: Naseby		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMN	Nottinghamshire Class here: Sherwood Forest		1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMNN	Nottingham	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMP	Shropshire Class here: Shrewsbury, Ironbridge, Ludlow, The Wrekin		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMR	Rutland
1DDU‑GB‑EMS	Staffordshire Class here: Lichfield		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMSP	Stoke-on-Trent and The Potteries	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMT	Worcestershire Class here: the Malvern Hills, Evesham		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMW	Warwickshire, West Midlands Class here: Rugby		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMWB	Birmingham (UK)
1DDU‑GB‑EMWC	Coventry	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMWS	Stratford-upon-Avon	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMWW	Wolverhampton and the Black Country	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMZ	Midlands: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EMZD	The Peak District Class here: Kinder Scout, Mam Tor, Dark Peak, White Peak, Edale, Castleton	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EMZM	Welsh Marches Class here: Offa’s Dyke, Wye Valley, Shropshire Hills, Forest of Dean. Use with: a code from 1DDU-GB-W Wales if necessary	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EN	North West England
1DDU‑GB‑ENC	Cheshire Class here: Chester, Alderley, Nantwich, Crewe		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ENL	Lancashire Class here: Preston, Lancaster, Blackburn, Burnley, Oldham, Preston, Forest of Bowland, Pendle		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ENLB	Blackpool	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ENLL	Liverpool Class here: Merseyside		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ENLM	Manchester Class here: Greater Manchester		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ENM	Cumbria Class here: Carlisle, Eden Valley, Penrith 1DDU-GB-ENZL The Lake District		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ENZ	North West England: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ENZL	The Lake District Class here: the Lakeland Fells, Scafell Pike, Windermere, Wastwater, Helvellyn, Skiddaw, Grasmere, Ullswater, Keswick, Kendal	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ES	South and South East England
1DDU‑GB‑ESB	Berkshire Class here: Eton, Highclere, Greenham		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESBR	Reading	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESBW	Windsor	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESD	Bedfordshire Class here: Luton		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESF	Oxfordshire Class here: Uffington, Blenheim, Woodstock		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESFX	Oxford	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESH	Hampshire Class here: Winchester, Portsmouth		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESHS	Southampton and the Solent	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESK	Kent Class here: Dover		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESKC	Canterbury	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESL	London, Greater London
1DDU‑GB‑ESLC	Central London	1.1.2
1DDU‑GB‑ESLCW	Westminster	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESLF	City of London Use for: the historic square mile, as well as the City as a financial centre	1.1.2	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESR	Surrey Class here: Guildford, Woking		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EST	Hertfordshire Class here: St Albans		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESU	Buckinghamshire
1DDU‑GB‑ESUB	Bletchley Park	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESW	Isle of Wight Class here: Ryde, Cowes		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESX	Sussex Class here: Hastings, Lewes, Chichester, Rye, East Sussex, West Sussex		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESXB	Brighton and Hove	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESZ	South and South East England: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESZC	The Chilterns	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑ESZD	North and South Downs, the Weald	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESZF	The New Forest	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ESZT	The Thames Class here: the river, its tributaries, the Thames valley and the Thames estuary	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EW	South West England
1DDU‑GB‑EWC	Cornwall Class here: Kernow, Truro, St Ives, Tintagel		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWCS	Isles of Scilly	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWD	Devon Class here: Exeter, Torquay		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWDP	Plymouth	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWG	Gloucestershire Class here: Cheltenham, Tewkesbury		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWS	Somerset Class here: Taunton, Wells, the Levels, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills, Sedgemoor		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWSB	Bristol	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWSG	Glastonbury	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWSH	Bath	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWT	Dorset Class here: Lyme Regis, Weymouth		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWTB	Bournemouth and Poole Class here: Christchurch, Brownsea Island	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWW	Wiltshire Class here: Swindon		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWWS	Salisbury Class here: Old Sarum, Wilton 1DDU-GB-EWZS Stonehenge	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EWZ	South West England: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWZC	The Cotswolds Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-GB-C	1.2.6	1.3
1DDU‑GB‑EWZD	Jurassic Coast and Purbeck Class here: Dorset and East Devon Coast	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWZM	Dartmoor, Exmoor and Bodmin Moor	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWZS	Stonehenge Class here: Avebury, Silbury Hill and other prehistoric sites on Salisbury Plain	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EWZW	Wessex	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EY	North and North East England
1DDU‑GB‑EYD	Durham Class here: Teesdale. Use for: County Durham or City of Durham		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYK	Yorkshire Class here: North Humberside, Harrogate, the Ridings, Scarborough		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYKH	Hull	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EYKK	York	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EYKL	Leeds, Bradford Class here: West Yorkshire		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYKM	Middlesbrough and Teesside	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EYKS	Sheffield and Rotherham Class here: South Yorkshire, Doncaster, Barnsley	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYKW	Whitby	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYN	Northumberland, Tyne and Wear Class here: Northumbria, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Alnwick, Bamburgh, Hexham		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYNC	Newcastle and Gateshead Class here: North and South Tyneside, Jarrow		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYNS	Sunderland and Wearside	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EYZ	North and North East England: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EYZB	The Pennines Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-GB-P	1.2.6	1.3
1DDU‑GB‑EYZF	North York Moors	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EYZH	Yorkshire Dales Class here: Howgills, Wharfedale, Wensleydale, Malham Cove, Nidderdale, Pen-y-ghent, Ingleborough, Whernside	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYZL	Farne Islands and Lindisfarne (Holy Island)	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑EYZN	Northumberland National Park Class here: The Cheviots, Kirk Yetholm, Kielder Forest and Kielder Water	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑EYZW	Hadrian’s Wall Class here: Housesteads	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑N	Northern Ireland
1DDU‑GB‑NB	Belfast
1DDU‑GB‑NC	Antrim	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑ND	Armagh	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑NE	County Derry / County Londonderry	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑NEC	Derry / Londonderry	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑NG	Down Class here: Strangford Lough, Ards Peninsula	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑NJ	Fermanagh Class here: Lough Erne, Enniskillen	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑NT	Tyrone	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑NZ	Northern Ireland: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑NZA	Giant’s Causeway, Antrim Coast and the Glens Class here: the Causeway Coast, Rathlin Island	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑NZM	Mourne Mountains	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑NZS	Sperrin Mountains	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑S	Scotland
1DDU‑GB‑SB	Lowland Scotland and Borders Class here: Dumfries and Galloway, Southern Uplands, Pentland Hills, Tweeddale		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SBR	Rhinn of Kells and Galloway Hills Class here: Galloway Forest Park	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑SC	Central Scotland Class here: Clyde, Perth, Firth of Forth, Bute, Ochil Hills		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SCD	Dundee and Fife	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑SCE	Edinburgh
1DDU‑GB‑SCG	Glasgow
1DDU‑GB‑SCS	Stirling	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑SH	Northern Scotland, Highlands and Islands
1DDU‑GB‑SHA	Aberdeen and Deeside	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑SHG	The Grampians Class here: Lochnagar, Speyside etc	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHGD	Cairngorms Class here: Cairngorms National park, Ben Macdhui, Braeriach, Cairn Toul, Sgor an Lochain Uaine, Angus Glens, Monadhliath, Càrn Dearg, Strathspey, Aviemore, Glenshee, Braemar	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHGH	Ben Nevis and Glen Coe Class here: Mamores, Glen Etive, Black Mount, Rannoch Moor, Loch Levan, Fort William, Glen Nevis	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHN	Loch Ness and the Great Glen Class here: Caledonian Canal	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHV	Inverness	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑SHW	Northwest Highlands Class here: Torridon Hills, Ross, Cromarty, Sutherland, Caithness, Kyle of Lochalsh, Cape Wrath etc	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHF	Orkney Islands Class here: Scapa Flow, Hoy, Kirkwall, Skara Brae		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHJ	Shetland Islands Class here: Lerwick		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHL	Western Isles, Outer Hebrides Class here: Lewis, Harris, Uist, Benbecula, Barra, Na h-Eileanan Siar, Innse Gall		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHP	Inner Hebrides Class here: Coll, Colonsay, Eigg, Islay, Jura, Rùm, Tiree, Na h-Eileanan a-staigh, Na h-Eileanan Tarsainn, Small Isles	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHPM	Isle of Mull and Iona Class here: Ulva	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHQ	Isle of Skye Class here: Cuillin Hills		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑SHR	Isle of Arran	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑SHT	Loch Lomond and the Trossachs Class here: Ben Lui, the Cobbler, Arrochar Alps	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑W	Wales Class here: Cymru		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑WC	Mid Wales Class here: Powys, Ceredigion, Cambrian Mountains, Aberystwyth, Machynlleth		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑WN	North Wales Class here: Anglesey, Gwynedd, Clwyd, Llŷn Peninsula, Conwy, Llandudno, Betws-y-Coed, Caernarfon, Barmouth, Dolgellau		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑WNS	Snowdonia Class here: Crib Goch, Llyn Llydaw, Glaslyn, Y Garn, Cadair Idris, Eryri	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑WS	South Wales Class here: Newport, Glamorgan, Rhondda		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑WSC	Cardiff
1DDU‑GB‑WSG	Swansea and the Gower	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑WSY	Brecon Beacons Class here: Black Mountain, Black Mountains and Fforest Fawr, Fan Brycheiniog, Pen y Fan	1.2.6	1.4
1DDU‑GB‑WV	Southwest Wales Class here: Carmarthen, Llanelli		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑WVP	Pembrokeshire Coast	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑X	Channel Islands Class here: Alderney, Sark		1.4
1DDU‑GB‑XG	Guernsey	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑XJ	Jersey	1.2.6
1DDU‑GB‑Z	Isle of Man Class here: Douglas, Ellan Vannin, Calf of Man		1.4
1DF	Central Europe
1DFA	Austria
1DFA‑AT‑B	Burgenland Class here: Eisenstadt, Rust, Oberwart		1.4
1DFA‑AT‑K	Carinthia Class here: Lake Millstatt, Lake Ossiach		1.4
1DFA‑AT‑KB	Klagenfurt	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑KD	Villach	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑KF	Wörthersee (Lake Wort)	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑M	Styria Class here: Grimming, Gesäuse		1.4
1DFA‑AT‑MB	Bruck an der Mur	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑MG	Graz	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑MH	Hochschwab Class here: Mariazell, Tragöß (Tragoess), Wildalpen	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑ML	Leoben	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑N	Lower Austria Class here: Danube-Auen		1.4
1DFA‑AT‑NA	Industrieviertel Class here: Wiener Neustadt	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑NB	Mostviertel Class here: Sankt Pölten, Waidhofen an der Ybbs	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑NC	Waldviertel Class here: Krems an der Donau	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑ND	Weinviertel	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑NW	Wachau Class here: Melk	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑R	Upper Austria
1DFA‑AT‑RA	Linz	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑RC	Hausruckviertel Class here: Wels	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑RD	Innviertel Class here: Schärding	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑RE	Mühlviertel Class here: Freistadt	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑RF	Traunviertel Class here: Gmunden, Steyr 1DFA-AT-ZS Salzkammergut	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑S	Salzburg (state) Class here: Tennen Mountains		1.4
1DFA‑AT‑SA	Salzburg (City)	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑SC	Flachgau Class here: Wallersee 1DFA-AT-ZS Salzkammergut	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑SD	Pinzgau Class here: Saalfelden, Zell am See	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑SE	Lungau	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑SF	Pongau Class here: Gastein, Werfen	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑SG	Tennengau Class here: Hallein	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑T	Tyrol
1DFA‑AT‑TA	Innsbruck	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑TC	Ausserfern Class here: Reutte	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑TD	Upper Tyrol Class here: Imst, Landeck, Telfs, Ötztal, Stubaital	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑TE	Lower Tyrol Class here: Hall in Tirol, Kitzbühel, Kaiser Mountains, Zillertal	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑TF	Eastern Tyrol Class here: Lienz	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑V	Vorarlberg
1DFA‑AT‑VB	Bregenz	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑VF	Feldkirch	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑VM	Montafon	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑VR	Bregenz Forest	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑W	Vienna
1DFA‑AT‑Z	Austria: Places of Interest	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑ZA	Arlberg	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑ZD	Dachstein	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑ZR	Semmering	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑ZS	Salzkammergut Class here: Attersee, Mondsee, Traunsee, Wolfgangsee	1.4
1DFA‑AT‑ZW	Vienna Woods	1.4
1DFG	Germany
1DFG‑DE‑B	Northeast Germany
1DFG‑DE‑BE	Berlin Use for: the city or the federal state, as well as in historical contexts		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BG	Brandenburg Class here: Uckermark. Use for: the city or the federal state, as well as in historical contexts		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BGB	Havelland	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BGD	Potsdam	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BGE	Cottbus	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BGF	Frankfurt (Oder)	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BK	German Baltic Sea coast and islands Class here: Bay of Lübeck		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BKA	Rügen Class here: Jasmund National Park	1.1	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BKB	Fehmarn	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BKD	Fischland-Darss-Zingst	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BKF	Usedom	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BM	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Class here: Güstrow		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BMB	Schwerin	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BMC	Greifswald	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BMD	Rostock	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BMF	Stralsund	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BMH	Wismar	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BMM	Mecklenburg Lake Plateau Class here: Neubrandenburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BS	Saxony-Anhalt Class here: Stendal, Anhalt, Altmark		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BSB	Magdeburg Class here: Magdeburg Börde, Elbe-Börde-Heath, Magdeburg (region)	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BSC	Dessau	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BSD	Halberstadt	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BSF	Halle (Saale)	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BSG	Lutherstadt Wittenberg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BSH	Quedlinburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑BSK	Wernigerode	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑F	East Germany
1DFG‑DE‑FS	Saxony Class here: Elster, Saxon Ore Mountains		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FSA	Leipzig	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑FSB	Dresden	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑FSC	Bautzen 1DFG-DE-XA Upper Lusatia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FSD	Görlitz	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FSE	Chemnitz	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FSF	Freiberg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FSG	Plauen	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FSH	Zwickau	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FSN	Saxon Switzerland National Park Class here: Elbe Sandstone Mountains	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FT	Thuringia Class here: Gera, Mühlhausen, Nordhausen, Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal nature parks, Hainich National Park, Kyffhäuser		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FTB	Erfurt	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FTD	Thuringian Forest	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FTDB	Eisenach	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FTH	Jena	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑FTJ	Weimar	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑T	Southeast Germany
1DFG‑DE‑TB	Bavaria 1DFG-DE-XB Swabia
1DFG‑DE‑TBA	Lower Bavaria	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑TBAB	Passau	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBB	Upper Bavaria Class here: Ammersee, Lake Ammer 1DFG-DE-XB Swabia	1.1	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBBB	Berchtesgadener Land Class here: Berchtesgaden National Park	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBBBA	Berchtesgaden	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBBD	Ingolstadt	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBBF	Chiemgau Class here: Chiemsee	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBBG	Lake Starnberg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBBH	Tegernsee Class here: Tegernsee (City)	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBC	Munich	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑TBD	Nuremburg	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑TBF	Franconia Class here: Steigerwald	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFC	Upper Franconia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFCB	Bamberg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFCD	Bayreuth	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFM	Middle Franconia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFMB	Fürth	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFMD	Rothenburg ob der Tauber	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFV	Lower Franconia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFVB	Aschaffenburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBFVD	Würzburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBH	Augsburg 1DFG-DE-XB Swabia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBJ	Füssen 1DFG-DE-XB Swabia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBK	Kempten 1DFG-DE-XB Swabia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBL	Lindau 1DFG-DE-XB Swabia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBM	Upper Palatinate	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBMB	Regensburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBN	Altmühltal Class here: Altmühl	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑TBP	Bavarian Forest	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑U	Southwest Germany
1DFG‑DE‑UB	Baden-Württemberg Class here: Pforzheim, Kraichgau, Tauber Franconia, Rhine-Neckar region		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBA	Stuttgart	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑UBC	Breisgau Class here: Kaiserstuhl	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBCF	Freiburg im Breisgau	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBE	Electoral Palatinate	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBEB	Heidelberg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBED	Mannheim	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBG	Heilbronn	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBJ	Karlsruhe	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBL	Konstanz	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBP	Swabian Jura	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBPB	Reutlingen	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBPD	Ulm	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBR	Singen (Hohentwiel)	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UBT	Tübingen	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UH	Hesse Class here: Fulda, Limburg (Lahn), Marburg, Vogelsberg, Wetterau, Rhine-Main Region		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UHA	Frankfurt	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑UHC	Rheingau	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UHCW	Wiesbaden	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UHE	Darmstadt	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UHP	Kassel	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UHT	Taunus	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑UR	Rhineland-Palatinate Class here: Hunsrück		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑URA	Palatinate Class here: Ludwigshafen, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Bad Dürkheim	1.1	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑URAS	Speyer	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑URC	Rhenish Hesse Class here: Bingen am Rhein, Ingelheim am Rhein	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑URCM	Mainz	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑URCW	Worms	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑URK	Koblenz	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑URT	Trier	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑US	Saarland
1DFG‑DE‑V	Northwest Germany
1DFG‑DE‑VA	German North Sea coast and islands Class here: North Frisian Islands, Halligen		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VAF	Heligoland	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VAN	North Frisia	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VANF	Föhr	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VANS	Sylt	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VAP	East Frisia Class here: East Frisian Islands	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VB	Bremen Use for: the city or the federal state, as well as in historical contexts		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VBC	Bremerhaven	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VH	Hamburg Use for: the city or the federal state, as well as in historical contexts		1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VN	Lower Saxony
1DFG‑DE‑VNA	Hanover	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑VNB	Wendland	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNC	Braunschweig	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VND	Lüneburg Heath	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNDB	Celle	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNDD	Lüneburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNE	Goslar	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNF	Göttingen	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNG	Hildesheim	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNH	Oldenburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VNK	Osnabrück	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VR	North Rhine-Westphalia
1DFG‑DE‑VRA	Aachen	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRB	Düsseldorf	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑VRC	Cologne	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑VRD	Dortmund	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑VRE	Essen	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑VRG	Bonn	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRH	Münster (region)	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRHM	Münster	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRJ	Siegen	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRK	Ostwestfalen-Lippe	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRKB	Bielefeld	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRKP	Paderborn	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRL	Bergisches Land	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRLB	Solingen	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRLD	Wuppertal	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRM	Lower Rhine region	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRN	Sauerland	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRR	Ruhr district	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑VRRB	Bochum	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VRRD	Duisburg	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑VS	Schleswig-Holstein
1DFG‑DE‑X	Germany: places of interest	1.1	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑XA	Upper Lusatia 1DFG-DE-FSC Bautzen	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑XB	Swabia	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑XC	Allgäu	1.1
1DFG‑DE‑XD	Rothaar Mountains	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑XE	Odenwald	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑XEB	Bergstrasse	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑XF	Teutoburg Forest	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑XG	Westerwald	1.4
1DFG‑DE‑XH	Spessart	1.4
1DFH	Switzerland
1DFH‑CH‑C	Espace Mittelland
1DFH‑CH‑CB	Bern Class here: Biel / Bienne (lake and town), Bielersee, Burgdorf, Emmental, Gstaad. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CBB	Bernese Oberland Class here: Lake Brienz	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CBBD	Interlaken	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CBBG	Grindelwald	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CBBT	Thun Class here: Lake Thun	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CF	Fribourg / Freiburg Class here: Greyerz / Gruyères, Murten / Morat (lake and town). Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CJ	Jura (Canton) Class here: Delsberg / Delémont		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CN	Neuchâtel Class here: Lake Neuchâtel. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑CS	Solothurn Class here: Olten, Weissenstein. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑G	Lake Geneva Region		1.2.6
1DFH‑CH‑GG	Geneva Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑GV	Vaud Class here: Nyon, Vevey, Yverdon-les-Bains, La Côte, Vallée de Joux		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑GVL	Lausanne	1.2.8
1DFH‑CH‑GVM	Montreux	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑GW	Valais Class here: Brig, Saas-Fee, Sion		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑GWB	Zermatt	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑N	Northwest Switzerland		1.2.6
1DFH‑CH‑NA	Aargau Class here: Lenzburg		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑NAB	Aarau	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑NB	Basel-Landschaft		1.2.6
1DFH‑CH‑NBL	Liestal	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑ND	Basel Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑P	Eastern Switzerland Class here: Appenzellerland, Appenzell Alps		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PC	Appenzell Innerrhoden		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PD	Appenzell Ausserrhoden Class here: Herisau, Trogen		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PG	Glarus Class here: Glarus Alps. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PK	Grisons / Graubünden Class here: Arosa, Münstertal / Val Müstair, Prättigau, Klosters, Surselva, Grischun, Grigioni		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PKA	Chur (Coire)	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PKB	Davos	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PKM	Engadine Class here: Maloja Pass, Albula Pass, Flüela Pass, Julier Pass, Maloja Pass, Ofen Pass / Fuorn Pass	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PKMB	St. Moritz	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PN	St. Gallen / Saint-Gall Class here: Rapperswil. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PNH	Toggenburg Class here: Wildhaus	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PP	Schaffhausen / Schaffhouse Class here: Stein am Rhein. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PR	Thurgau Class here: Frauenfeld		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PZ	Eastern Switzerland: Places of interest Class here: Lake Walen / Lake Walenstadt	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑PZB	Säntis Class here: Alpstein Massif	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑R	Tessin / Ticino Class here: Valle Verzasca		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑RA	Ascona Class here: Monte Verità	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑RC	Bellinzona	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑RE	Locarno	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑RG	Lugano	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑U	Central Switzerland		1.2.6
1DFH‑CH‑UL	Lucerne Class here: Entlebuch, Sempachersee, Lake Sempach. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑UN	Nidwalden / Nidwald Class here: Stans		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑UO	Obwalden / Obwald Class here: Engelberg, Sarnen		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑US	Schwyz Class here: Lake Lauerz, Sihlsee / Lake Sihl, Muotatal, Stoos, Einsiedeln. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑UU	Uri Class here: Altdorf, Andermatt		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑UV	Zug Class here: Lake Zug. Use for: city or Canton		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑UZ	Central Switzerland: Places of interest Class here: Mount Pilatus, Mount Titlis	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑UZD	Lake Lucerne Class here: the lake and its surrounding area	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑X	Zurich Class here: Zürcher Oberland. Use for: city, Canton or region		1.4
1DFH‑CH‑XB	Winterthur	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑Z	Switzerland: Places of Interest Class here: River Aare, River Reuss, Seetal, Lake Hallwil, Lake Baldegg	1.4
1DFH‑CH‑ZS	Lake Zurich Class here: the lake and its surrounding area	1.4
1DFL	Liechtenstein
1DN	Northern Europe, Scandinavia
1DNC	Iceland
1DNC‑IS‑R	Reykjavík	1.2.8
1DND	Denmark
1DNDF	Faroe Islands
1DNDF‑FO‑T	Thorshavn	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑B	Bornholm	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑F	Funen and islands	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑FO	Odense	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑J	Jutland	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑JE	Esbjerg	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑JL	Alborg	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑JR	Arhus	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑L	Lolland-Falster	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑S	Zealand	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑SK	Copenhagen	1.1.2
1DND‑DK‑SR	Roskilde	1.1.2
1DNF	Finland
1DNF‑FI‑A	Southwest Finland Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑AA	Turku	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑AB	Turku archipelago	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑B	Åland	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑BA	Mariehamn	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑C	Uusimaa Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑CA	West Uusimaa	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑CB	Helsinki Region	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑CBA	Helsinki Class here: Suomenlinna	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑CBB	Espoo	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑CBC	Vantaa	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑CC	East Uusimaa	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑CCA	Porvoo	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑D	Häme Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative. Class here: Tavastia	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DA	Kanta-Häme	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DAA	Hämeenlinna	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DB	Päijät-Häme	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DBA	Lahti	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DC	Pirkanmaa	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DCA	Tampere	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DD	Central Finland	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑DDA	Jyväskylä	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑H	Satakunta Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑HA	Pori	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑HB	Rauma	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑J	Savonia Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑JA	Southern Savonia	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑JAB	Mikkeli	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑JB	Northern Savonia	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑JBK	Kuopio	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑K	Karelia Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑KA	South Karelia	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑KAB	Lappeenranta	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑KB	North Karelia	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑KBA	Joensuu	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑L	Kymenlaakso Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑LA	Kouvola	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑LB	Kotka	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑M	Ostrobothnia Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑MA	Vaasa	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑N	North Ostrobothnia Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑NA	Oulu	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑P	Central Ostrobothnia	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑PA	Kokkola	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑Q	South Ostrobothnia Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑QA	Seinäjoki	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑R	Kainuu Use for: historical and cultural contexts as well as administrative	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑RA	Kajaani	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑S	Lappi Class here: Finnish ‘Lapland’	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑SA	Rovaniemi	1.3.2
1DNF‑FI‑SB	Sámi native region of Finland	1.3.2
1DNN	Norway
1DNN‑NO‑D	Northern Norway (Nord-Norge)
1DNN‑NO‑DA	Troms and Finnmark Use for: merger of Troms and Finnmark to ‘Troms and Finnmark’	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DF	Finnmark		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DFA	Vardø	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DFB	Kirkenes Class here: Sør-Varanger	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DFC	Alta	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DFD	Hammerfest Class here: Kvalsund	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DFG	Honningsvåg	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DFK	North Cape Class here: Knivskjellodden, Honningsvåg	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DFV	Vadsø		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑DT	Troms		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DTB	Harstad Class here: Hinnøya	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DTD	Finnsnes Class here: Senja	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DTR	Tromsø		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑DL	Nordland
1DNN‑NO‑DLB	Bodø		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑DLD	Fauske	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLF	Lofoten and Vesterålen	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLFA	Sortland	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLFB	Stokmarknes	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLFC	Leknes	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLFD	Svolvær	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLG	Helgeland Class here: Vega	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLGA	Mo i Rana	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLGB	Mosjøen	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLGC	Sandnessjøen	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLGD	Brønnøysund	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑DLN	Narvik
1DNN‑NO‑J	Southern Norway (Sørlandet)		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑JB	Agder Use for: merged county of Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder as Agder	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JA	Aust-Agder		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JAB	Grimstad	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JAC	Tvedestrand	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JAD	Risør	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JAL	Arendal
1DNN‑NO‑JG	Vest-Agder		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JGF	Farsund
1DNN‑NO‑JGK	Kristiansand
1DNN‑NO‑JGL	Lillesand		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JGM	Lyngdal	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JGN	Mandal	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑JGP	Flekkefjord	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑T	Trøndelag		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑TD	Nord-Trøndelag		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑TDA	Levanger	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TDB	Namsos	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TDC	Kolvereid	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TDD	Stjørdal	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TDE	Verdal Class here: Verdalsøra	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TDS	Steinkjer
1DNN‑NO‑TR	Sør-Trøndelag		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑TRA	Orkanger	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TRB	Brekstad	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TRC	Røros	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑TRH	Trondheim
1DNN‑NO‑V	Western Norway (Vestlandet)
1DNN‑NO‑VA	Vestland Use for: merged county of Sogn and Fjordane and Hordaland as Vestland	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VH	Hordaland		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VHB	Bergen
1DNN‑NO‑VHC	Stord	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VHD	Odda	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VM	Møre and Romsdal		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑VMA	Ålesund
1DNN‑NO‑VMB	Fosnavåg	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VMD	Ulsteinvik	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VMK	Kristiansund
1DNN‑NO‑VML	Molde
1DNN‑NO‑VMN	Åndalsnes	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VR	Rogaland
1DNN‑NO‑VRA	Bryne	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRB	Eigersund	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRC	Haugesund	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRD	Jørpeland	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRF	Sandnes	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRG	Sauda	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRH	Skudeneshavn	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRJ	Kopervik	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRK	Åkrehamn	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VRS	Stavanger
1DNN‑NO‑VW	Sogn and Fjordane		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VWA	Florø Class here: Flora	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VWB	Førde	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑VWC	Måløy	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑X	Eastern Norway (Østlandet)		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑XC	Viken Use for: merged county of Akershus, Buskerud and Østfold as Viken	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XA	Akershus		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XAA	Drøbak	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XAB	Lillestrøm	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XAC	Sandvika	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XAD	Ski (NO)	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XAE	Jessheim	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XB	Buskerud		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XBC	Hokksund	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XBD	Drammen
1DNN‑NO‑XBH	Hønefoss	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XBK	Kongsberg	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XF	Oslofjorden
1DNN‑NO‑XD	Innlandet Use for: merger county of Hedmark and Oppland as Innlandet	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XH	Hedmark		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XHA	Elverum	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XHB	Kongsvinger	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XHC	Brumunddal	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XHD	Moelv	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XHR	Hamar
1DNN‑NO‑XP	Oppland		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XPA	Fagernes	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XPB	Gjøvik	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XPC	Otta	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XPD	Raufoss	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XPE	Vinstra	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XPL	Lillehammer
1DNN‑NO‑XS	Oslo
1DNN‑NO‑XR	Vestfold and Telemark	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XT	Telemark		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTA	Kragerø	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTB	Notodden	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTC	Brevik	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTD	Porsgrunn	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTE	Rjukan	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTF	Langesund	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTG	Stathelle	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XTK	Skien
1DNN‑NO‑XV	Vestfold		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XVA	Holmestrand	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XVB	Horten	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XVC	Stavern	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XVD	Svelvik	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XVF	Åsgårdstrand	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XVL	Larvik
1DNN‑NO‑XVN	Sandefjord
1DNN‑NO‑XVR	Tønsberg		1.2.6
1DNN‑NO‑XZ	Østfold		1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XZA	Askim	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XZB	Mysen	1.4
1DNN‑NO‑XZF	Fredrikstad
1DNN‑NO‑XZH	Halden
1DNN‑NO‑XZM	Moss
1DNN‑NO‑XZS	Sarpsborg
1DNS	Sweden
1DNS‑SE‑A	Svealand
1DNS‑SE‑AA	Stockholm
1DNS‑SE‑AAA	Stockholm archipelago	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑AB	Uppland
1DNS‑SE‑ABA	Uppsala	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑AC	Södermanland
1DNS‑SE‑ACA	Nyköping	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑AD	Närke
1DNS‑SE‑ADA	Örebro	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑AE	Västmanland
1DNS‑SE‑AEA	Västerås	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑AF	Dalarna
1DNS‑SE‑AFA	Falun	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑AG	Värmland
1DNS‑SE‑AGA	Karlstad	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑AH	Bergslagen	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑B	Götaland
1DNS‑SE‑BA	Skåne
1DNS‑SE‑BAA	Malmö
1DNS‑SE‑BAB	Österlen	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BB	Halland
1DNS‑SE‑BBA	Halmstad	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BC	Blekinge
1DNS‑SE‑BCA	Karlskrona	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BD	Småland
1DNS‑SE‑BDA	Växjö	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BDB	Kalmar	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BE	Öland
1DNS‑SE‑BF	Gotland
1DNS‑SE‑BFA	Visby	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BG	Östergötland
1DNS‑SE‑BGA	Linköping	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BH	Västergötland
1DNS‑SE‑BJ	Gothenburg
1DNS‑SE‑BJA	Gothenburg archipelago	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑BK	Bohuslän
1DNS‑SE‑BL	Dalsland
1DNS‑SE‑C	Norrland
1DNS‑SE‑CA	Gästrikland
1DNS‑SE‑CAA	Gävle	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑CB	Hälsingland
1DNS‑SE‑CC	Jämtland
1DNS‑SE‑CCA	Östersund	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑CD	Härjedalen
1DNS‑SE‑CE	Medelpad
1DNS‑SE‑CF	Ångermanland
1DNS‑SE‑CFA	Härnösand	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑CG	Västerbotten
1DNS‑SE‑CGA	Umeå	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑CH	Norrbotten
1DNS‑SE‑CHA	Luleå	1.2
1DNS‑SE‑CJ	Lapland
1DNS‑SE‑CK	Tornedalen Class here: Meänmaa	1.2
1DS	Southern Europe
1DSE	Spain
1DSE‑ES‑A	Andalusia, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑AA	Almeria (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AAA	Almeria (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AB	Cadiz (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑ABA	Cadiz (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AC	Cordoba (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑ACA	Cordoba (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AD	Granada (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑ADA	Granada (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑ADX	Granada: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.7	1.2.8
1DSE‑ES‑ADXA	Sierra Nevada	1.2.7
1DSE‑ES‑AE	Huelva (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AEA	Huelva (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AF	Jaen (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AFA	Jaen (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AG	Malaga (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AGA	Malaga (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AGX	Malaga: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.7	1.2.8
1DSE‑ES‑AGXA	Costa del Sol	1.2.7
1DSE‑ES‑AH	Seville (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑AHA	Seville (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑B	Balearic Islands
1DSE‑ES‑BA	Baleares (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑BAA	Mallorca	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑BAAB	Palma de Mallorca	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑BAB	Menorca	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑BABA	Mahon	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑BAC	Ibiza (Island)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑BACA	Ibiza (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑BAD	Formentera	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑C	Aragon, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑CA	Huesca (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑CAA	Huesca (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑CB	Teruel (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑CBA	Teruel (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑CC	Zaragoza (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑CCA	Zaragoza (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑D	Asturias, Principality of
1DSE‑ES‑DA	Asturias (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑DAA	Oviedo	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑DAB	Gijon	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑E	Canary Islands Use for: political and social aspects. Prefer: 1MTANC for geophysical, natural history and travel aspects 1MTANC The Canary Islands
1DSE‑ES‑EA	Las Palmas (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EAA	Gran Canaria	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EAAA	Las Palmas de Gran Canaria	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EAB	Fuerteventura	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EAC	Lanzarote	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EB	Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EBA	Tenerife	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EBAA	Santa Cruz de Tenerife (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EBB	El Hierro	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EBC	La Gomera	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑EBD	La Palma	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑F	Cantabria, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑FA	Cantabria (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑FAA	Santander	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑G	Castile-La Mancha, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑GA	Albacete (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GAA	Albacete (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GB	Ciudad Real (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GBA	Ciudad Real (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GC	Cuenca (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GCA	Cuenca (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GD	Guadalajara (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GDA	Guadalajara (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GE	Toledo (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑GEA	Toledo (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑H	Castile and Leon, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑HA	Avila (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HAA	Avila (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HB	Burgos (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HBA	Burgos (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HC	Leon (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HCA	Leon (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HD	Palencia (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HDA	Palencia (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HE	Salamanca (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HEA	Salamanca (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HF	Segovia (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HFA	Segovia (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HG	Soria (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HGA	Soria (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HH	Valladolid (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HHA	Valladolid (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HJ	Zamora (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑HJA	Zamora (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑J	Catalonia
1DSE‑ES‑JA	Barcelona (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑JAA	Barcelona (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑JB	Girona (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑JBA	Girona (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑JBX	Girona: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.7	1.2.8
1DSE‑ES‑JBXA	Costa Brava	1.2.7
1DSE‑ES‑JC	Lerida / Lleida (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑JCA	Lerida / Lleida (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑JD	Tarragona (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑JDA	Tarragona (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑K	Extremadura, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑KA	Caceres (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑KAA	Caceres (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑KB	Badajoz (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑KBA	Badajoz (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑L	Galicia, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑LA	Corunna (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑LAA	Corunna (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑LAB	Santiago de Compostela	1.2.7
1DSE‑ES‑LB	Lugo (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑LBA	Lugo (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑LC	Orense (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑LCA	Orense (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑LD	Pontevedra (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑LDA	Pontevedra (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑M	Madrid, Community of
1DSE‑ES‑MA	Madrid (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑MAA	Madrid (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑N	Murcia, Region of
1DSE‑ES‑NA	Murcia (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑NAA	Murcia (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑Q	Navarre, Chartered Community of
1DSE‑ES‑QA	Navarre	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑QAB	Pamplona	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑R	Basque Autonomous Community
1DSE‑ES‑RA	Alava	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑RAA	Vitoria	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑RB	Guipuzcoa	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑RBA	San Sebastian	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑RC	Biscay	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑RCA	Bilbao	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑S	La Rioja, Autonomous Community of
1DSE‑ES‑SA	Logroño (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑SAA	Logroño (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑T	Valencian Community
1DSE‑ES‑TA	Alicante (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑TAA	Alicante (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑TAX	Alicante: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.7	1.2.8
1DSE‑ES‑TAXA	Costa Blanca	1.2.7
1DSE‑ES‑TB	Castellon (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑TBA	Castellon (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑TC	Valencia (Province)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑TCA	Valencia (City)	1.2.5
1DSE‑ES‑U	Ceuta, Autonomous City of
1DSE‑ES‑V	Melilla, Autonomous City of
1DSE‑ES‑X	Spain: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.2.7	1.2.8
1DSE‑ES‑XA	Way of St. James Class here: The pilgrim trail, El Camino de Santiago	1.2.7
1DSE‑ES‑XB	La Mancha	1.2.7
1DSE‑ES‑XC	Cantabrian Mountains	1.2.7
1DSG	Gibraltar
1DSM	Malta
1DSM‑MT‑G	Gozo	1.2.8
1DSN	Andorra
1DSP	Portugal
1DSP‑PT‑B	Norte (Northern Portugal)	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑BP	Porto	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑C	Centro (Central Portugal)	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑L	Lisboa (Region)	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑LL	Lisbon	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑LS	Sintra	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑N	Alentejo	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑P	Algarve	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑PF	Faro	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑R	Madeira – Autonomous Region Use for: political and social aspects. Prefer: 1MTANM for geophysical, natural history and travel aspects	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑RF	Funchal	1.2.8
1DSP‑PT‑T	Azores – Autonomous Region Use for: political and social aspects. Prefer: 1MTANZ for geophysical, natural history and travel aspects	1.2.8
1DST	Italy
1DST‑IT‑N	Northern Italy
1DST‑IT‑NA	Aosta Valley		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NF	Friuli Venezia Giulia
1DST‑IT‑NFG	Gorizia
1DST‑IT‑NFP	Pordenone
1DST‑IT‑NFT	Trieste
1DST‑IT‑NFU	Udine
1DST‑IT‑NG	Liguria
1DST‑IT‑NGA	Genoa
1DST‑IT‑NGM	Imperia
1DST‑IT‑NGS	Savona
1DST‑IT‑NGZ	La Spezia
1DST‑IT‑NL	Lombardy		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NLA	Varese
1DST‑IT‑NLB	Bergamo
1DST‑IT‑NLC	Como
1DST‑IT‑NLD	Lodi
1DST‑IT‑NLE	Lecco
1DST‑IT‑NLM	Milan
1DST‑IT‑NLN	Sondrio
1DST‑IT‑NLR	Cremona
1DST‑IT‑NLS	Brescia
1DST‑IT‑NLT	Mantua		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NLV	Pavia
1DST‑IT‑NLZ	Monza and Brianza		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NP	Piedmont		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NPA	Alessandria
1DST‑IT‑NPL	Biella
1DST‑IT‑NPN	Novara
1DST‑IT‑NPR	Vercelli
1DST‑IT‑NPS	Asti
1DST‑IT‑NPT	Turin
1DST‑IT‑NPU	Cuneo
1DST‑IT‑NPV	Province of Verbano Cusio Ossola		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NT	Trentino Alto Adige Class here: South Tyrol		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NTR	Trento
1DST‑IT‑NTZ	Bolzano
1DST‑IT‑NV	Veneto
1DST‑IT‑NVD	Padua
1DST‑IT‑NVE	Venice
1DST‑IT‑NVN	Verona
1DST‑IT‑NVR	Rovigo
1DST‑IT‑NVS	Treviso
1DST‑IT‑NVU	Belluno
1DST‑IT‑NVZ	Vicenza
1DST‑IT‑NZ	Northern Italy: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NZB	The Northern Apennines Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-A	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑NZD	The Dolomites	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NZL	The Italian lakes region Class here: Lakes Orta, Lugano, Idro	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NZLC	Lake Como	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NZLG	Lake Garda	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NZLM	Lake Maggiore	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NZLQ	Lake Iseo	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑NZP	The Po River and its tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and delta. Preferred code: use instead of 1DZA-IT-A	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑T	Central Italy
1DST‑IT‑TG	Emilia Romagna
1DST‑IT‑TGB	Bologna
1DST‑IT‑TGC	Forlì-Cesena
1DST‑IT‑TGF	Ferrara
1DST‑IT‑TGM	Modena
1DST‑IT‑TGN	Rimini
1DST‑IT‑TGP	Parma
1DST‑IT‑TGR	Reggio Emilia		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑TGV	Ravenna
1DST‑IT‑TGZ	Piacenza
1DST‑IT‑TM	Marche
1DST‑IT‑TMA	Ancona
1DST‑IT‑TMF	Fermo
1DST‑IT‑TMP	Pesaro and Urbino		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑TMS	Ascoli Piceno
1DST‑IT‑TMT	Macerata
1DST‑IT‑TR	Umbria
1DST‑IT‑TRP	Perugia Class here: Assisi		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑TRPT	Lake Trasimeno	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑TRT	Terni
1DST‑IT‑TS	Tuscany
1DST‑IT‑TSA	Arezzo
1DST‑IT‑TSE	Siena
1DST‑IT‑TSEB	Val d’Orcia Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-N	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑TSF	Florence
1DST‑IT‑TSG	Grosseto
1DST‑IT‑TSL	Livorno
1DST‑IT‑TSLB	Elba	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑TSM	Massa-Carrara
1DST‑IT‑TSP	Pisa
1DST‑IT‑TSR	Prato
1DST‑IT‑TST	Pistoia
1DST‑IT‑TSU	Lucca
1DST‑IT‑TZ	Lazio
1DST‑IT‑TZF	Frosinone
1DST‑IT‑TZL	Latina
1DST‑IT‑TZR	Rome
1DST‑IT‑TZT	Rieti
1DST‑IT‑TZV	Viterbo
1DST‑IT‑TX	Central Italy: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑TXA	The Arno river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, and mouth. Preferred code: use instead of 1DZA-IT-C	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑TXC	The Tiber river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, marshes and mouth. Preferred code: use instead of 1DZA-IT-E	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑TXF	The Central Apennines Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-B	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑TXM	Maremma Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-L	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑U	Southern Italy and Islands
1DST‑IT‑UA	Abruzzo
1DST‑IT‑UAH	Chieti
1DST‑IT‑UAP	Pescara
1DST‑IT‑UAQ	L’Aquila
1DST‑IT‑UAT	Teramo
1DST‑IT‑UC	Calabria
1DST‑IT‑UCK	Crotone
1DST‑IT‑UCR	Reggio Calabria
1DST‑IT‑UCS	Cosenza
1DST‑IT‑UCV	Vibo Valentia
1DST‑IT‑UCZ	Catanzaro
1DST‑IT‑UD	Sardinia
1DST‑IT‑UDC	Cagliari
1DST‑IT‑UDG	Province of Ogliastra		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UDM	Province of Medio Campidano		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UDN	Carbonia-Iglesias
1DST‑IT‑UDR	Oristano
1DST‑IT‑UDS	Sassari
1DST‑IT‑UDSD	Costa Smeralda Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-T	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑UDT	Olbia Tempio
1DST‑IT‑UDU	Nuoro
1DST‑IT‑UE	Molise
1DST‑IT‑UEC	Campobasso
1DST‑IT‑UES	Isernia
1DST‑IT‑UL	Sicily
1DST‑IT‑ULA	Agrigento
1DST‑IT‑ULC	Caltanissetta
1DST‑IT‑ULE	Enna
1DST‑IT‑ULM	Messina
1DST‑IT‑ULME	Aeolian Islands Class here: Stromboli, Lipari, Vulcano, Panarea, Alicudi, Filicudi	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑ULN	Trapani
1DST‑IT‑ULP	Palermo
1DST‑IT‑ULR	Ragusa
1DST‑IT‑ULS	Syracuse
1DST‑IT‑ULT	Catania
1DST‑IT‑ULTE	Mount Etna	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UM	Campania
1DST‑IT‑UML	Avellino
1DST‑IT‑UMN	Naples
1DST‑IT‑UMNC	Capri / Ischia	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UMNP	Pompeii / Herculaneum	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UMNV	Mount Vesuvius	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UMS	Salerno
1DST‑IT‑UMSC	The Amalfi coast Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-R	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑UMT	Caserta
1DST‑IT‑UMV	Benevento
1DST‑IT‑UP	Apulia Class here: Puglia		1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UPA	Bari
1DST‑IT‑UPG	Foggia
1DST‑IT‑UPGB	Tavoliere delle Puglie Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-P		1.3
1DST‑IT‑UPL	Lecce
1DST‑IT‑UPR	Barletta Andria Trani
1DST‑IT‑UPS	Brindisi
1DST‑IT‑UPT	Taranto
1DST‑IT‑US	Basilicata
1DST‑IT‑USM	Matera
1DST‑IT‑USP	Potenza
1DST‑IT‑UZ	Southern Italy: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UZC	The Southern Apennines Preferred code: use instead of 1DZT-IT-C	1.2.8	1.3
1DST‑IT‑UZCE	Monte Gran Sasso	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UZCP	Monte Pollino	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑UZD	Sila	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑X	Historical and cultural areas within Italy	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XN	Historical and cultural areas: Northern Italy	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNA	Langhe	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNC	Monferrat	1.1	1.2.8
1DST‑IT‑XNE	Canavese	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNF	Cinque Terre	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNH	Tigullio	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNL	Franciacorta	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNN	Lomellina	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNP	Polesine	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XNR	Carnia	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XT	Historical and cultural areas: Central Italy	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XTA	Lunigiana	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XTC	Garfagnana	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XTE	Chianti	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XTG	Mugello	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XTL	Versilia	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XTN	Ciociaria	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XU	Historical and cultural areas: Southern Italy and islands	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XUA	Cilento	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XUC	Irpinia	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XUE	Sannio	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XUG	Salento	1.1
1DST‑IT‑XUL	Gallura	1.1
1DSU	San Marino
1DSV	Vatican
1DT	Eastern Europe
1DTA	Russia
1DTA‑RU‑B	Russia: Central District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑BK	Kursk	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑BM	Moscow	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑BS	Smolensk	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑D	Russia: Southern District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑DB	Volgograd Class here: Stalingrad	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑DD	Rostov-on-Don	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑F	Russia: Northwestern District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑FA	Archangel / Arkhangelsk	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑FC	Kaliningrad	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑FD	Novgorod	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑FP	Saint Petersburg Class here: Leningrad	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑H	Russia: Far Eastern District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑J	Russia: Siberian District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑JZ	Siberia: places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑JZB	Siberia: Lake Baikal	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑L	Russia: Ural District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑N	Russia: Volga District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑NN	Nizhny Novgorod	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑P	Russia: North Caucasus District	1.2.8
1DTA‑RU‑PC	Chechen Republic (Chechnya)	1.2.8
1DTB	Belarus (Belorussia)
1DTB‑BY‑M	Minsk	1.2.8
1DTD	Latvia
1DTD‑LV‑R	Riga	1.2.8
1DTE	Estonia
1DTE‑EE‑T	Tallinn	1.2.8
1DTF	Lithuania
1DTF‑LT‑V	Vilnius	1.2.8
1DTG	Georgia
1DTG‑GE‑T	Tbilisi	1.2.8
1DTH	Hungary
1DTH‑HU‑B	Central Hungary	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑BB	Budapest	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑D	Transdanubia	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DB	Lake Balaton	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DD	Lake Neusiedl / Ferto Use with: 1DFA* if work applies specifically to Austria	1.2.8	1.4
1DTH‑HU‑DF	Mecsek Mountains	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DG	Transdanubian Mountains Class here: Bakony mountains	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DH	Little Hungarian Plain	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DP	Esztergom	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DQ	Győr	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DR	Pécs	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DS	Sopron	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DT	Székesfehérvár	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑DV	Veszprém	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑F	Great Plain and the North	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑FD	North Hungarian Mountains Class here: Mátra, Bükk mountains	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑FDE	Eger	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑FP	Great Hungarian plain Class here: Great Alfold	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑FPD	Hortobágy National Park	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑FPJ	Debrecen	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑FPK	Szeged	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑FPW	Lake Tisza	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑Z	Hungary: Places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑ZD	Danube–Tisza Interfluve	1.2.8
1DTH‑HU‑ZT	Transtisza / Tiszántúl	1.2.8
1DTJ	Czechia Class here: Czech Republic		1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑A	Prague	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑B	South Moravian Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑C	South Bohemian Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑E	Pardubice Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑H	Hradec Kralove Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑J	Vysocina Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑K	Karlovy Vary Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑L	Liberec Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑M	Olomouc Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑P	Pilsen Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑S	Central Bohemian Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑T	Moravian-Silesian Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑U	Usti nad Labem Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑Z	Zlin Region	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑X	Czechia: places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑XB	Bohemia	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑XBF	Bohemian Forest	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑XBG	Krkonoše / Giant Mountains	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑XBV	Vltava river and tributaries Class here: Berounka, Luznice, Otava, Sazava rivers	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑XM	Moravia	1.2.8
1DTJ‑CZ‑XS	Czech Silesia	1.2.8
1DTK	Slovakia
1DTK‑SK‑B	Bratislava (region)	1.2.8	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑BB	Bratislava	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑K	Kosice Region	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑N	Nitra Region	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑P	Presov Region	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑S	Banska Bystrica Region	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑T	Trencin Region	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑V	Trnava Region	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑Y	Zilina Region	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑Z	Slovakia: places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.3
1DTK‑SK‑ZV	The Vah and tributaries Class here: Nitra, Orava rivers	1.3
1DTM	Moldova (Moldavia)
1DTN	Ukraine
1DTN‑UA‑K	Kiev	1.2.8
1DTP	Poland
1DTP‑PL‑A	West Pomerania voivodeship	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑AB	Szczecin	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑AP	Pomeranian Lake District	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑B	East Pomerania	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑BA	Kashubia	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑BAA	Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot – Tri-city	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑BD	Hel Peninsula	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑BF	Żuławy region	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑BFA	Malbork	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑C	Kuyavian-Pomeranian	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑CB	Bydgoszcz	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑CC	Toruń	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑D	Lodz / Łódź	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑E	Warmia-Masuria Province	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑EA	Olsztyn	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑EB	Biskupiec	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑H	Podlasie / Podlachia	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑HB	Białystok	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑HD	Suwalki	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑HR	Bialowieza National Park	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑HS	Biebrza National Park	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑J	Lubusz province Class here: Lubusz Land	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑JA	Zielona Góra	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑K	Kielce Upland / Holy Cross Province / Świętokrzyskie	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑KA	Kielce	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑KS	Sandomierz and the Sandomierz basin	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑L	Lublin Upland	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑LA	Lublin	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑LK	Kazimierz Dolny	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑LR	Roztocze National Park	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑M	Masovian Voivodeship	1.2.8
1DTP‑PL‑MA	Warsaw	1.2.8
1DTP‑PL‑MP	Plock / Płock	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑MR	Kampinoski National Park	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑N	Greater Poland (Wielkopolska)	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑NB	Poznan	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑P	Lesser Poland Voivodeship	1.2.8
1DTP‑PL‑PK	Krakow	1.2.8
1DTP‑PL‑PR	Krakow-Częstochowa Upland Class here: Polish Jurassic Highland, Polish Jura	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑PT	Podhale (Polish highlands)	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑PTZ	Zakopane	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑R	Silesian Voivodeship	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑RA	Katowice	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑RC	Częstochowa	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑S	Lower Silesian Voivodeship	1.3.2
1DTP‑PL‑SA	Wroclaw	1.3.2
1DTT	Turkey
1DTT‑TR‑A	Istanbul	1.3
1DTV	Armenia
1DTV‑AM‑Y	Yerevan	1.2.8
1DTX	Azerbaijan
1DTX‑AZ‑B	Baku	1.2.8
1DTZ	Kazakhstan
1DX	Southeast Europe
1DXA	Albania
1DXA‑AL‑T	Tirana	1.2.8
1DXB	Bulgaria
1DXB‑BG‑S	Sofia	1.2.8
1DXC	Croatia
1DXC‑HR‑A	Zagreb	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑C	Central Croatia	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑D	Dalmatia	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑DD	Dubrovnik	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑DK	Šibenik	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑DS	Split	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑DY	Zadar	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑J	Istria	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑K	Kvarner and the Highlands	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑L	Lika-Karlovac Class here: Northern Croatia	1.2.8
1DXC‑HR‑S	Slavonia	1.2.8
1DXD	North Macedonia		1.4
1DXD‑MK‑S	Skopje	1.2.8
1DXG	Greece
1DXG‑GR‑E	Central Greece	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EA	Attica Class here: Mount Parnes / Parnithia, Marathon	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EAA	Athens	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EAE	Eleusis	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EAP	Piraeus	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EE	Euboea	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EEC	Chalcis	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EF	Phocis Class here: Mount Parnassus	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EFD	Delphi	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EK	Aetolia-Acarnania	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EKM	Missolonghi	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑ET	Phthiotis Class here: Thermopylae, Phthia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑ETA	Atalanti	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EV	Boeotia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑EVT	Thebes	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑H	Epirus	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑L	Thessaly	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑M	Macedonia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑MC	Chalkidiki Class here: Mount Athos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑ME	Pella	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑MP	Pieria Class here: Mount Olympus	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑MT	Thessaloniki (region)	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑MTH	Thessaloniki	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑P	Peloponnese	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PA	Achaea	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PAP	Patras	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PD	Arcadia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PH	Elis / Ilia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PHO	Ancient Olympia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PK	Corinthia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PKK	Corinth	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PL	Laconia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PLS	Sparta	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PLY	Mystras	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PM	Messenia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PR	Argolis	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PRA	Argos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑PRM	Mycenae	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑S	Greek Islands	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SA	North Aegean Islands	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SAC	Chios	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SAH	Lemnos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SAL	Lesbos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SAS	Samos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SC	Crete	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SCH	Heraklion Class here: Knossos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SD	Dodecanese (Islands)	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SDH	Karpathos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SDK	Kos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SDL	Leros	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SDP	Patmos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SDR	Rhodes	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SF	Ionian Islands	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SFC	Corfu	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SFF	Paxos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SFK	Cephalonia / Kefalonia	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SFL	Lefkada	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SFP	Ithaca	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SFR	Zakynthos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SK	Cyclades (Islands)	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SKK	Mykonos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SKM	Milos Class here: Kimolos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SKN	Naxos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SKP	Paros	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SKS	Santorini Class here: Thera	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SKY	Syros	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SR	Saronic Islands Class here: Agistri	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SRA	Aegina	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SRS	Salamis	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SS	Sporades (Islands)	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SSA	Alonnisos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑SSK	Skiathos	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑ST	Other Greek Islands	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑STK	Kythira	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑STM	Samothrace	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑STS	Skyros	1.2.8
1DXG‑GR‑T	Thrace	1.2.8
1DXH	Bosnia-Herzegovina
1DXH‑BA‑S	Sarajevo	1.2.8
1DXK	Kosovo
1DXN	Montenegro
1DXN‑ME‑P	Podgorica	1.2.8
1DXR	Romania
1DXR‑RO‑B	Bucharest	1.2.8
1DXR‑RO‑Z	Romania: places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.2.8
1DXR‑RO‑ZT	Transylvania	1.2.8
1DXS	Serbia
1DXS‑RS‑B	Belgrade	1.2.8
1DXV	Slovenia
1DXV‑SI‑C	Carniola	1.2.8
1DXV‑SI‑CL	Ljubljana	1.2.8
1DXY	Cyprus
1DXY‑CY‑C	Nicosia	1.2.8
1DZ	Europe: physical features
1DZA	Europe: rivers, lakes etc
1DZAD	Danube river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and estuary, mouth or delta		1.2.8
1DZADT	River Tisza and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries and its valley	1.3
1DZAR	Rhine river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and mouth or delta		1.2.8
1DZARC	Lake Constance	1.1
1DZAV	Volga river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and estuary, mouth or delta		1.2.8
1DZA‑CH‑L	Lake Lugano Class here: the lake and its surrounding area	1.4
1DZA‑DE‑E	Elbe river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, its basin and estuary or mouth	1.1	1.2.8
1DZA‑DE‑N	Oder and Neisse rivers and tributaries Class here: the rivers, their tributaries, their valleys, the basin and estuary, mouth or delta	1.1	1.2.8
1DZA‑DE‑W	Weser river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, and mouth	1.1	1.2.8
1DZA‑IT‑A	Po river and tributaries Prefer code in Northern Italy: Places of interest 1DST-IT-NZP The Po River and its tributaries	1.1	1.2.8
1DZA‑IT‑C	Arno river and tributaries Prefer code in Central Italy: Places of interest 1DST-IT-TXA The Arno river and tributaries	1.1	1.2.8
1DZA‑IT‑E	Tiber river and tributaries Prefer code in Central Italy: Places of interest 1DST-IT-TXC The Tiber river and tributaries	1.1	1.2.8
1DZA‑PL‑V	Vistula river and tributaries Class here: the rivers, their tributaries, their valleys, the basin and delta	1.3.2
1DZA‑PL‑VB	Bug River / Western Bug Class here: the rivers, their tributaries, their valleys, the basin and delta	1.3.2
1DZT	Europe: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc		1.1
1DZTA	The Alps Use with: other 1* PLACE qualifiers to indicate if a work is specifically about a particular sub-division of the Alps, such as the Austrian, French or Lepontine Alps, when there is no dedicated code		1.4
1DZTAP	Pennine Alps Class here: Valais Alps	1.3
1DZTAPM	Matterhorn Class here: Mount Cervin	1.3
1DZTAPR	Mont Rosa Massif Class here: Dufourspitze	1.3
1DZTA‑CH‑A	Swiss Alps Class here: Glarus Alps	1.4
1DZTA‑CH‑AD	Bernese Alps	1.4
1DZTA‑CH‑ADA	Aletsch Class here: Finsteraarhorn, Aarmassif, Aletsch Glacier, Bietschhorn	1.4
1DZTA‑CH‑ADE	Eiger	1.4
1DZTA‑CH‑ADJ	Jungfrau	1.4
1DZTA‑CH‑AG	Saint-Gotthard Massif Class here: Gotthard Pass	1.4
1DZTA‑CH‑B	Val Bregaglia Class here: Bregaglia Range	1.4
1DZTA‑FR‑B	Mont Blanc Massif Class here: Grandes Jorasses, Aiguille du Midi, Miage Glacier, Mer de Glace, Mont Dolent, Picco Luigi Amedeo	1.2.6	1.4
1DZTA‑FR‑BM	Mont Blanc	1.2.6
1DZTA‑SI‑C	Julian Alps	1.3
1DZTB	The Caucasus Use for: the mountains and region	1.3
1DZTC	Carpathian mountains
1DZTCB	Beskid Mountains	1.4
1DZTCBB	Bieszczady Mountains	1.4
1DZTCBP	Peniny (Pienin Mountains)	1.4
1DZTCT	Tatra Mountains	1.3
1DZTH	The Balkans Use for: the mountains and region	1.3
1DZTJ	Bohemian Massif	1.4
1DZTJS	Sudetes	1.4
1DZTJSH	Stołowe Mountains	1.4
1DZTP	The Pyrenees
1DZTS	Scandinavian Mountains	1.2
1DZTU	Ural mountains
1DZT‑BE‑A	The Ardennes Class here: Ardennes Forest	1.4
1DZT‑DE‑A	Harz mountains Class here: The Brocken	1.1	1.4
1DZT‑DE‑B	Rhön mountains	1.1
1DZT‑DE‑C	Eifel region	1.1
1DZT‑DE‑D	Black Forest region	1.1
1DZT‑DE‑E	Rhineland	1.1
1DZT‑FR‑J	Jura Mountains	1.2.6
1DZT‑GB‑C	Cotswolds Prefer: code in South west England: Places of interest 1DDU-GB-EWZC The Cotswolds	1.1.2	1.2.6
1DZT‑GB‑P	Pennines Prefer: code in North and northeast England: Places of interest 1DDU-GB-EYZB The Pennines	1.1.2	1.2.6
1DZT‑IT‑A	Northern Apennines Prefer: code in Northern Italy: Places of interest 1DST-IT-NZB The Northern Apennines	1.1	1.2.8
1DZT‑IT‑B	Central Apennines Prefer: code in Central Italy: Places of interest 1DST-IT-TXF The Central Apennines	1.1	1.2.8
1DZT‑IT‑C	Southern Apennines Prefer: code in Southern Italy: Places of interest 1DST-IT-UZC The Southern Apennines	1.1	1.2.8
1DZT‑IT‑G	Karst plateau	1.1
1DZT‑IT‑L	Maremma Prefer: code in Central Italy: Places of interest 1DST-IT-TXM Maremma	1.1	1.2.8
1DZT‑IT‑N	Val d’Orcia Prefer: code in Italy – Tuscany – Siena 1DST-IT-TSEB Val d’Orcia	1.1	1.2.8
1DZT‑IT‑P	Tavoliere delle Puglie Prefer: code in Italy – Apulia – Foggia 1DST-IT-UPGB Tavoliere delle Puglie	1.1	1.2.8
1DZT‑IT‑R	Amalfi coast Prefer: code in Italy – Campania – Salerna 1DST-IT-UMSC The Amalfi coast	1.1	1.2.8
1DZT‑IT‑T	Costa Smeralda Prefer: code in Italy – Sardinia – Sassari 1DST-IT-UDSD Costa Smeralda	1.1	1.2.8
1F	Asia
1FB	Middle East
1FBG	Jerusalem	1.3
1FBH	Israel
1FBH‑IL‑A	Tel-Aviv Class here: Jaffa	1.2.8
1FBH‑IL‑H	Haifa Class here: Mount Carmel	1.2.8
1FBJ	Jordan
1FBJ‑JO‑P	Petra	1.2.8
1FBL	Lebanon
1FBL‑LB‑B	Beirut	1.2.8
1FBN	Iran
1FBN‑IR‑A	Tehran	1.2.8
1FBN‑IR‑S	Shiraz Class here: Persepolis	1.2.8
1FBP	Palestine
1FBP‑PS‑G	Gaza	1.2.8
1FBQ	Iraq
1FBQ‑IQ‑B	Baghdad	1.2.8
1FBS	Syria
1FBS‑SY‑A	Aleppo	1.2.8
1FBS‑SY‑D	Damascus	1.2.8
1FBS‑SY‑P	Palmyra	1.2.8
1FBX	Arabian peninsula
1FBXB	Bahrain
1FBXK	Kuwait
1FBXM	Oman
1FBXQ	Qatar
1FBXS	Saudi Arabia
1FBXS‑SA‑H	Hejaz /Hijaz	1.2.8
1FBXS‑SA‑HJ	Jeddah	1.2.8
1FBXS‑SA‑HM	Mecca / Makkah	1.2.8
1FBXS‑SA‑HN	Medina	1.2.8
1FBXS‑SA‑R	Riyadh	1.2.8
1FBXU	United Arab Emirates
1FBXU‑AE‑A	Abu Dhabi	1.2.8
1FBXU‑AE‑D	Dubai	1.2.8
1FBXY	Yemen
1FBZ	Middle East: places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of regional interest or importance	1.3
1FBZB	Tigris and Euphrates rivers Class here: the rivers, their tributaries, the valleys and marshes	1.3
1FBZJ	Jordan River Class here: the river, its tributaries, the Jordan Valley	1.3
1FBZJD	Dead Sea	1.3
1FC	Central Asia
1FCA	Afghanistan
1FCA‑AF‑K	Kabul	1.2.8
1FCD	Tajikistan (Tadzhikistan)
1FCK	Kyrgyzstan (Kirghizstan, Kirghizia)
1FCK‑KG‑B	Bishkek	1.2.8
1FCS	Siberia
1FCT	Turkmenistan
1FCU	Uzbekistan
1FK	South Asia (Indian sub-continent)		1.2.8
1FKA	India
1FKA‑IN‑A	Northern India	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AB	Chandigarh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AD	National Capital Territory of Delhi	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑ADN	New Delhi	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AG	Haryana	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AH	Himachal Pradesh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AHS	Shimla / Simla	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AJ	Jammu and Kashmir Class here: Ladakh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AP	Punjab	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑APB	Amritsar	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑AR	Rajasthan	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑ARB	Jaipur	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑ARD	Jodhpur	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑ARF	Udaipur	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑C	Central India	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑CB	Chhattisgarh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑CD	Madhya Pradesh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑CF	Uttar Pradesh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑CFA	Agra Class here: Taj Mahal	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑CFC	Varanasi / Benares	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑CH	Uttarakhand	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑E	Eastern India	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑EB	Bihar	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑ED	Jharkhand	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑EF	Odisha	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑EH	West Bengal	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑EHC	Kolkata Class here: Calcutta	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑EHD	Darjeeling	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑G	North East India	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GA	Assam	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GC	Arunachal Pradesh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GE	Manipur	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GH	Meghalaya	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GJ	Mizoram	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GL	Nagaland	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GN	Tripura	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑GS	Sikkim	1.3.2
1FKA‑IN‑J	Western India	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑JB	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑JD	Daman and Diu	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑JF	Goa	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑JG	Gujarat	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑JM	Maharashtra	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑JMM	Mumbai Class here: Bombay	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑L	Southern India	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LA	Andhra Pradesh	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LC	Karnataka	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LCB	Bengaluru Class here: Bangalore	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LE	Kerala	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LEC	Kochi Class here: Cochin	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LG	Puducherry	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LGB	Pondicherry Class here: Puducherry (city of)	1.2.8	1.4
1FKA‑IN‑LJ	Tamil Nadu	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LJC	Chennai class here: Madras	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LK	Telangana	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LKH	Hyderabad	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LN	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	1.2.8
1FKA‑IN‑LP	Lakshadweep	1.2.8
1FKB	Bangladesh
1FKB‑BD‑D	Dhaka	1.2.8
1FKH	Bhutan
1FKN	Nepal
1FKN‑NP‑K	Kathmandu	1.2.8
1FKP	Pakistan
1FKP‑PK‑B	Balochistan	1.2.8
1FKP‑PK‑D	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Class here: North-West Frontier Province, Khyber Pass	1.2.8
1FKP‑PK‑F	Punjab (PK)	1.2.8
1FKP‑PK‑FB	Lahore	1.2.8
1FKP‑PK‑H	Sindh	1.2.8
1FKP‑PK‑HB	Karachi	1.2.8
1FKP‑PK‑L	Islamabad	1.2.8
1FKS	Sri Lanka Class here: Ceylon		1.2.8
1FKS‑LK‑C	Colombo	1.2.8
1FM	South East Asia
1FMB	Myanmar Class here: Burma		1.2.8
1FMC	Cambodia
1FMC‑KH‑A	Phnom Penh	1.2.8
1FMC‑KH‑B	Siem Reap	1.2.8
1FMC‑KH‑BA	Angkor Class here: Angkor Wat	1.2.8
1FML	Laos
1FMM	Malaysia
1FMM‑MY‑B	Kuala Lumpur	1.2.8
1FMM‑MY‑M	Melaka / Malacca	1.2.8
1FMM‑MY‑P	Penang	1.2.8
1FMM‑MY‑S	Sarawak	1.2.8
1FMM‑MY‑T	Sabah	1.2.8
1FMN	Indonesia
1FMNB	Bali
1FMN‑ID‑B	Sumatra	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑D	Java	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑DJ	Jakarta	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑F	Kalimantan Class here: Indonesian Borneo	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑K	Sulawesi	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑M	Maluku	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑P	Papua 1MKLP New Guinea	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑S	Lesser Sunda Islands Class here: East Nusa Tenggara, West Timor	1.2.8
1FMN‑ID‑SL	Lombok	1.2.8
1FMNT	East Timor / Timor-Leste		1.2.8
1FMNX	Borneo Use for: whole island		1.2.8
1FMP	Philippines
1FMP‑PH‑A	Manila	1.2.8
1FMR	Brunei
1FMS	Singapore
1FMT	Thailand
1FMT‑TH‑B	Bangkok	1.2.8
1FMT‑TH‑C	Chiang Mai	1.2.8
1FMT‑TH‑K	Krabi	1.2.8
1FMT‑TH‑KL	Ko Lanta	1.2.8
1FMT‑TH‑P	Phuket	1.2.8
1FMT‑TH‑Q	Surat Thani	1.2.8
1FMT‑TH‑QB	Ko Samui / Koh Samui	1.2.8
1FMT‑TH‑Y	Ayutthaya	1.2.8
1FMV	Vietnam
1FMV‑VN‑B	Ho Chi Minh City Class here: Saigon	1.2.8
1FMV‑VN‑D	Hanoi	1.2.8
1FP	East Asia, Far East
1FPC	China
1FPC‑CN‑D	North China	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑DB	Beijing	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑DD	Tianjin	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑DF	Hebei	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑DH	Shanxi	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑DJ	Inner Mongolia Class here: Nei Mongol	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑F	Northeast China	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑FB	Liaoning	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑FD	Jilin	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑FF	Heilongjiang	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑H	East China	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑HB	Shanghai	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑HD	Jiangsu	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑HF	Zhejiang	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑HH	Anhui	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑HJ	Fujian	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑HL	Jiangxi	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑HN	Shandong	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑J	Central China	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑JB	Henan	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑JD	Hubei	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑JF	Hunan	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑L	South China	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑LB	Guangdong	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑LD	Guangxi	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑LF	Hainan	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑N	Southwest China	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑NB	Chongqing	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑ND	Sichuan	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑NF	Guizhou	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑NH	Yunnan	1.2.2
1FPCT	Tibet Class here: Xizang
1FPC‑CN‑P	Northwest China	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑PB	Shaanxi	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑PD	Gansu	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑PF	Qinghai	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑PH	Ningxia	1.2.2
1FPC‑CN‑PJ	Xinjiang	1.2.2
1FPCW	Taiwan
1FPCH	Hong Kong
1FPCM	Macao
1FPJ	Japan
1FPJ‑JP‑A	Hokkaido (region)	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑AA	Hokkaido	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑B	Tohoku	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑BA	Aomori	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑BB	Iwate	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑BC	Miyagi	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑BD	Akita	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑BE	Yamagata	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑BF	Fukushima	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑C	Kanto	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑CA	Ibaraki	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑CB	Tochigi	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑CC	Gunma	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑CD	Saitama	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑CE	Chiba	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑CF	Tokyo	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑CG	Kanagawa	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑D	Chubu	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DA	Niigata	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DB	Toyama	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DC	Ishikawa	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DD	Fukui	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DE	Yamanashi	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DF	Nagano	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DG	Gifu	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DH	Shizuoka	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑DJ	Aichi	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑E	Kinki / Kansai	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑EA	Mie	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑EB	Shiga	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑EC	Kyoto	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑ED	Osaka	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑EE	Hyogo	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑EF	Nara	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑EG	Wakayama	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑F	Chugoku	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑FA	Tottori	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑FB	Shimane	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑FC	Okayama	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑FD	Hiroshima	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑FE	Yamaguchi	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑G	Shikoku	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑GA	Tokushima	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑GB	Kagawa	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑GC	Ehime	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑GD	Kochi (JP)	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑H	Kyushu	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HA	Fukuoka	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HB	Saga	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HC	Nagasaki	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HD	Kumamoto	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HE	Oita	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HF	Miyazaki	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HG	Kagoshima	1.3
1FPJ‑JP‑HH	Okinawa	1.3
1FPK	Korea
1FPKN	North Korea
1FPKS	South Korea
1FPKS‑KR‑B	Seoul	1.2.8
1FPM	Mongolia
1FZ	Asia: physical features
1FZA	Asia: rivers, lakes etc
1FZAG	Ganges river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, its basin and delta		1.2.8
1FZAJ	Indus river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, its basin and delta		1.2.8
1FZAM	Mekong river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and delta		1.2.8
1FZAX	Yangtze river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, its basin and delta		1.2.8
1FZAY	Yellow river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, its basin and mouth		1.2.8
1FZT	Asia: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc		1.1
1FZTA	Altai mountains
1FZTG	Gobi desert
1FZTH	The Himalayas
1FZTHA	Annapurna	1.3
1FZTHK	Karakoram	1.3
1FZTHKK	K2 Class here: Godwin-Austen or Chhogori	1.3
1FZTHM	Mahalangur Himal Class here: Makalu, Lhotse, Cho Oyu	1.3
1FZTHME	Mount Everest Class here: Chomolungma	1.3
1H	Africa
1HB	North Africa
1HBA	Algeria
1HBA‑DZ‑A	Algiers	1.2.8
1HBC	Chad
1HBE	Egypt
1HBE‑AA‑D	Nile Valley and Delta
1HBE‑AA‑DA	Alexandria
1HBE‑AA‑DB	Aswan Class here: Abu Simbel		1.2.8
1HBE‑AA‑DC	Cairo
1HBE‑AA‑DD	Beheira
1HBE‑AA‑DF	Beni Suef
1HBE‑AA‑DG	Dakahlia
1HBE‑AA‑DH	Damietta
1HBE‑AA‑DJ	Gharbia
1HBE‑AA‑DK	Giza Class here: Memphis, Great Pyramids		1.2.8
1HBE‑AA‑DL	Kafr el-Sheikh
1HBE‑AA‑DN	Minya
1HBE‑AA‑DP	Monufia
1HBE‑AA‑DQ	Qalyubia
1HBE‑AA‑DS	Sharqia
1HBE‑AA‑DW	Sohag
1HBE‑AA‑DX	Luxor Class here: Thebes, Valley of the Kings		1.2.8
1HBE‑AA‑J	Egypt: Western Desert
1HBE‑AA‑JF	Faiyum
1HBE‑AA‑JM	Matruh
1HBE‑AA‑JV	New Valley (Governorate of Egypt)
1HBE‑AA‑M	Egypt: Eastern Desert
1HBE‑AA‑MA	Asyut
1HBE‑AA‑MQ	Qena
1HBE‑AA‑MR	Red Sea (Governorate of Egypt) 1QSL Red Sea
1HBE‑AA‑S	Sinai Peninsula
1HBE‑AA‑SL	Ismailia
1HBE‑AA‑SN	North Sinai
1HBE‑AA‑SP	Port Said
1HBE‑AA‑SS	South Sinai
1HBE‑AA‑SZ	Suez
1HBL	Libya
1HBL‑LY‑C	Cyrenaica	1.2.8
1HBL‑LY‑CB	Benghazi	1.2.8
1HBL‑LY‑T	Tripolitania	1.2.8
1HBL‑LY‑TT	Tripoli	1.2.8
1HBM	Morocco
1HBM‑MA‑B	Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑BC	Tangier	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑F	Fès-Meknès	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑FE	Fez	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑H	Rabat-Salé-Kenitra	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑HR	Rabat	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑L	Casablanca-Settat	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑LC	Casablanca	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑M	Marrakesh-Safi	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑ME	Essaouira	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑MM	Marrakesh / Marrakech	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑P	Drâa-Tafilalet	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑PO	Ouarzazate	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑R	Souss-Massa	1.2.8
1HBM‑MA‑RA	Agadir	1.2.8
1HBS	Sudan
1HBS‑SD‑B	Khartoum	1.2.8
1HBT	Tunisia
1HBT‑TN‑A	Tunis Class here: Carthage	1.2.8
1HBT‑TN‑D	Djerba / Jerba	1.2.8
1HBW	Western Sahara
1HBZ	South Sudan
1HF	Sub-Saharan Africa
1HFD	West Africa
1HFDA	Mauritania
1HFDB	Benin
1HFDE	Sierra Leone
1HFDF	Burkina Faso
1HFDG	Gambia
1HFDH	Ghana
1HFDH‑GH‑A	Accra	1.2.8
1HFDL	Liberia
1HFDL‑LR‑A	Monrovia	1.2.8
1HFDM	Mali
1HFDM‑ML‑A	Timbuktu	1.2.8
1HFDN	Nigeria
1HFDN‑NG‑A	Lagos	1.2.8
1HFDR	Niger
1HFDS	Senegal
1HFDS‑SN‑A	Dakar	1.2.8
1HFDT	Togo
1HFDU	Guinea
1HFDU‑GN‑A	Conakry	1.2.8
1HFDV	Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)
1HFDX	Guinea-Bissau
1HFDY	Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
1HFDY‑CI‑A	Abidjan	1.2.8
1HFG	East Africa
1HFGA	Ethiopia
1HFGA‑ET‑A	Addis Ababa	1.2.8
1HFGD	Djibouti
1HFGE	Eritrea
1HFGK	Kenya
1HFGK‑KE‑A	Nairobi	1.2.8
1HFGK‑KE‑M	Mombasa	1.2.8
1HFGQ	Burundi
1HFGR	Rwanda
1HFGR‑RW‑A	Kigali	1.2.8
1HFGS	Somalia
1HFGSR	Republic of Somaliland
1HFGT	Tanzania
1HFGT‑TZ‑B	Dar es Salaam	1.2.8
1HFGT‑TZ‑C	Zanzibar Class here: Zanzibar Archipelago	1.2.8
1HFGT‑TZ‑E	Northern Tanzania	1.2.8
1HFGT‑TZ‑EB	Kilimanjaro	1.2.8
1HFGT‑TZ‑ED	Serengeti	1.2.8
1HFGU	Uganda
1HFGU‑UG‑A	Kampala	1.2.8
1HFJ	Central Africa
1HFJA	Cameroon
1HFJC	Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Class here: Republic of the Congo		1.2.8
1HFJC‑CG‑A	Brazzaville	1.2.8
1HFJG	Gabon
1HFJQ	Equatorial Guinea
1HFJR	Central African Republic
1HFJS	Sao Tome and Principe
1HFJZ	Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire) Class here: Congo-Kinshasa		1.2.8
1HFJZ‑CD‑A	Kinshasa	1.2.8
1HFM	Southern Africa
1HFMA	Angola
1HFMB	Botswana
1HFMB‑BW‑A	Gaborone	1.2.8
1HFMB‑BW‑V	Okavango River and Delta Class here: the river, its tributaries and its valley	1.2.8
1HFMK	Eswatini (Swaziland) Class here: Kingdom of Eswatini		1.2.8
1HFML	Lesotho
1HFMM	Malawi
1HFMN	Namibia
1HFMQ	Mozambique
1HFMQ‑MZ‑A	Maputo	1.2.8
1HFMS	Republic of South Africa
1HFMS‑ZA‑A	Eastern Cape	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑B	Free State	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑BB	Bloemfontein	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑D	Gauteng	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑DB	Johannesburg	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑DD	Pretoria	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑F	KwaZulu-Natal	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑FB	Durban	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑H	Limpopo	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑J	Mpumalanga Class here: Eastern Transvaal	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑K	North West Province	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑M	Northern Cape	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑N	Western Cape	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑NB	Cape Town	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑Z	South Africa: places of interest Use for: physical features, historical and cultural areas or other places of national interest or importance	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑ZD	Drakensberg	1.2.8
1HFMS‑ZA‑ZK	Kruger National Park	1.2.8
1HFMW	Zimbabwe
1HFMW‑ZW‑A	Harare	1.2.8
1HFMZ	Zambia
1HFMZ‑ZM‑A	Lusaka	1.2.8
1HS	South Indian Ocean Islands
1HSC	Comoros
1HSM	Madagascar
1HSU	Mauritius
1HSU‑MU‑B	Rodrigues	1.2.8
1HSV	Maldives
1HSY	Seychelles
1HS‑FR‑L	La Réunion
1HS‑FR‑LA	Saint-Denis (Réunion)		1.2.6
1HS‑FR‑LB	Saint-Benoît	1.2.6
1HS‑FR‑LC	Saint-Paul	1.2.6
1HS‑FR‑LD	Saint-Pierre (Réunion)	1.2.6
1HS‑FR‑M	Mayotte
1HS‑FR‑MA	Dzaoudzi
1HZ	Africa: physical features
1HZA	Africa: rivers, lakes etc
1HZAC	Congo river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley, its basin and mouth or delta		1.2.8
1HZAG	Niger river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and delta		1.2.8
1HZAM	Lake Nyasa / Lake Malawi		1.2.8
1HZAN	Nile river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and delta 1HBE-AA-D Nile Valley and Delta		1.2.8
1HZAS	Suez canal
1HZAT	Lake Tanganyika
1HZAV	Lake Victoria		1.2.8
1HZAZ	Zambesi river and tributaries Class here: the river, its tributaries, its valley and mouth or delta		1.2.8
1HZAZV	Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls	1.3
1HZT	Africa: mountains, hills, plains, coastlines etc		1.1
1HZTA	Atlas mountains
1HZTK	Kalahari desert
1HZTR	Great Rift Valley
1HZTS	The Sahara
1HZTT	The Sahel
1K	The Americas
1KB	North America (USA and Canada)		1.1
1KBB	United States of America, USA
1KBB‑US‑M	US Midwest
1KBB‑US‑ML	US Midwest: East North Central (Great Lakes) States
1KBB‑US‑MLC	Illinois
1KBB‑US‑MLCC	Chicago
1KBB‑US‑MLCS	Springfield (IL)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLD	Indiana
1KBB‑US‑MLDD	Indianapolis	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLG	Michigan
1KBB‑US‑MLGD	Detroit	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLO	Ohio
1KBB‑US‑MLOL	Cleveland	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLON	Cincinnati	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLOO	Columbus	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLT	Minnesota
1KBB‑US‑MLTM	Minneapolis-St. Paul	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLW	Wisconsin
1KBB‑US‑MLWM	Milwaukee	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MLWW	Madison	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MP	US Midwest: West North Central (Great Plains) States
1KBB‑US‑MPA	Iowa
1KBB‑US‑MPK	Kansas
1KBB‑US‑MPM	Missouri
1KBB‑US‑MPMK	Kansas City (MO)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MPML	St. Louis	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MPN	Nebraska
1KBB‑US‑MPNL	Lincoln	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MPNO	Omaha	1.2
1KBB‑US‑MPR	North Dakota
1KBB‑US‑MPT	South Dakota
1KBB‑US‑MPTR	Mount Rushmore National Memorial	1.2
1KBB‑US‑N	US Northeast
1KBB‑US‑NA	US Northeast: Mid-Atlantic States
1KBB‑US‑NAJ	New Jersey
1KBB‑US‑NAJA	Atlantic City	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAJH	Hoboken	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAJN	Newark	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAJS	Jersey Shore	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAK	New York
1KBB‑US‑NAKA	Albany	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAKB	Buffalo	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAKC	New York City
1KBB‑US‑NAKCB	Brooklyn	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAKCM	Manhattan	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAKCMG	Greenwich Village	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAKCMH	Harlem	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAKL	Long Island	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAKN	Niagara Falls (City)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAP	Pennsylvania
1KBB‑US‑NAPD	Pennsylvania Dutch Country	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAPG	Gettysburg	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NAPH	Philadelphia
1KBB‑US‑NAPT	Pittsburgh	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NE	US Northeast: New England
1KBB‑US‑NEC	Connecticut
1KBB‑US‑NECH	Hartford	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEI	Maine
1KBB‑US‑NEIA	Acadia National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEIP	Portland (ME)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEM	Massachusetts
1KBB‑US‑NEMB	Boston
1KBB‑US‑NEMC	Cape Cod	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEMCM	Martha’s Vineyard	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEMCN	Nantucket	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEMM	Cambridge (MA)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEMS	Salem (MA)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEN	New Hampshire
1KBB‑US‑NER	Rhode Island
1KBB‑US‑NERN	Newport	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NERP	Providence	1.2
1KBB‑US‑NEV	Vermont
1KBB‑US‑S	US South
1KBB‑US‑SC	US South: East South Central States
1KBB‑US‑SCA	Alabama
1KBB‑US‑SCAM	Montgomery	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SCK	Kentucky
1KBB‑US‑SCKL	Louisville	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SCM	Mississippi
1KBB‑US‑SCT	Tennessee
1KBB‑US‑SCTM	Memphis	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SCTN	Nashville	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SE	US South: South Atlantic States
1KBB‑US‑SEC	District of Columbia (Washington D.C.)
1KBB‑US‑SED	Delaware
1KBB‑US‑SEF	Florida
1KBB‑US‑SEFA	St. Augustine	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEFE	Everglades	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEFH	Tallahassee	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEFJ	Jacksonville	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEFK	Florida Keys	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEFM	Miami
1KBB‑US‑SEFO	Orlando	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEFP	Tampa	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEG	Georgia (US State)
1KBB‑US‑SEGS	Savannah	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEGT	Atlanta
1KBB‑US‑SEM	Maryland
1KBB‑US‑SEMA	Annapolis	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEMB	Baltimore	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEN	North Carolina
1KBB‑US‑SENA	Asheville	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SENB	Outer Banks	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SENC	Charlotte	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SENR	Raleigh	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SES	South Carolina
1KBB‑US‑SESC	Charleston (SC)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SESM	Myrtle Beach	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEV	Virginia
1KBB‑US‑SEVC	Charlottesville	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEVR	Richmond	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEVV	Virginia Beach	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEVW	Williamsburg	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SEW	West Virginia
1KBB‑US‑SG	Great Smoky Mountains National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SW	US South: West South Central States
1KBB‑US‑SWA	Arkansas
1KBB‑US‑SWAH	Hot Springs	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWAL	Little Rock	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWL	Louisiana
1KBB‑US‑SWLB	Baton Rouge	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWLN	New Orleans
1KBB‑US‑SWO	Oklahoma
1KBB‑US‑SWOC	Oklahoma City	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWOT	Tulsa	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWT	Texas
1KBB‑US‑SWTA	Austin	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWTD	Dallas	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWTH	Houston
1KBB‑US‑SWTN	San Antonio	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWTP	El Paso	1.2
1KBB‑US‑SWTW	Fort Worth	1.2
1KBB‑US‑W	US West
1KBB‑US‑WM	US West: Mountain States
1KBB‑US‑WMA	Arizona
1KBB‑US‑WMAF	Flagstaff	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMAG	Grand Canyon National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMAP	Phoenix	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMAS	Sedona	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMAT	Tucson	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMC	Colorado
1KBB‑US‑WMCA	Aspen	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMCB	Boulder	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMCD	Denver	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMCR	Rocky Mountain National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMD	Idaho
1KBB‑US‑WMDB	Boise	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMM	Montana
1KBB‑US‑WMMG	Glacier National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMN	Nevada
1KBB‑US‑WMNR	Reno	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMNV	Las Vegas
1KBB‑US‑WMT	New Mexico
1KBB‑US‑WMTA	Albuquerque	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMTF	Santa Fe	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMTT	Taos	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMU	Utah
1KBB‑US‑WMUS	Salt Lake City	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMUZ	Zion National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMW	Wyoming
1KBB‑US‑WMWC	Cheyenne (WY)	1.2	1.4
1KBB‑US‑WMWJ	Jackson Hole	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMWT	Grand Teton National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WMY	Yellowstone National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WP	US West: Pacific States
1KBB‑US‑WPC	California
1KBB‑US‑WPCA	Los Angeles
1KBB‑US‑WPCAB	Beverly Hills	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCAH	Hollywood	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCD	San Diego	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCF	San Francisco
1KBB‑US‑WPCJ	San Jose	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCM	Monterey	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCN	Napa and Sonoma	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCP	Palm Springs	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCR	Fresno	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCS	Sacramento	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPCY	Yosemite National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPH	Hawaii Use for: political and social aspects. Prefer: 1MKPH for geophysical, natural history and travel aspects 1MKPH Hawaiian Islands
1KBB‑US‑WPHH	Hawaii (Big Island)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPHK	Kauai	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPHM	Maui	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPHO	Oahu	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPHOH	Honolulu Class here: Waikiki	1.2	1.2.8
1KBB‑US‑WPN	US Pacific Northwest
1KBB‑US‑WPNA	Alaska
1KBB‑US‑WPNAA	Anchorage	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPNAJ	Juneau	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPNR	Oregon
1KBB‑US‑WPNRP	Portland (OR)	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPNW	Washington (US State)
1KBB‑US‑WPNWO	Olympic National Park	1.2
1KBB‑US‑WPNWS	Seattle
1KBC	Canada
1KBC‑CA‑A	Alberta
1KBC‑CA‑AN	Northern Alberta
1KBC‑CA‑ANB	Northern Alberta: Wood Buffalo and Waterton Lakes National Parks
1KBC‑CA‑AND	Northern Alberta: Peace River Country (AB)
1KBC‑CA‑ANG	Northern Alberta: Alberta’s Rockies and Banff and Jasper National Parks
1KBC‑CA‑AS	Southern Alberta
1KBC‑CA‑ASC	Southern Alberta: Calgary Region
1KBC‑CA‑ASF	Southern Alberta: Edmonton Capital Region
1KBC‑CA‑ASJ	Southern Alberta: Elk Island National Park
1KBC‑CA‑ASN	Southern Alberta: Waterton Lakes National Park
1KBC‑CA‑B	British Columbia
1KBC‑CA‑BD	British Columbia Interior
1KBC‑CA‑BDA